Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000007
S. Gowri, S. Kannan
SummaryBisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoporosis. They inhibit normal bone turnover by inducing osteoclast apoptosis. This impedes normal remodelling, thereby preventing further deterioration in bone architecture. However, use of bisphosphonates for some years can lead to accumulation of old fragile bone, occlusion of haversian sinuses, and ultimately osteonecrosis and sequestrum formation. Dental extraction and other invasive dental procedures have been identified as risk factors for the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. The role of a dentist is, in combination with a physician, to prevent and treat bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw.
{"title":"Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw: medical implications and dental complications","authors":"S. Gowri, S. Kannan","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000007","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryBisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoporosis. They inhibit normal bone turnover by inducing osteoclast apoptosis. This impedes normal remodelling, thereby preventing further deterioration in bone architecture. However, use of bisphosphonates for some years can lead to accumulation of old fragile bone, occlusion of haversian sinuses, and ultimately osteonecrosis and sequestrum formation. Dental extraction and other invasive dental procedures have been identified as risk factors for the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. The role of a dentist is, in combination with a physician, to prevent and treat bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"289 1","pages":"1115–1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61683879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000006
J. V. van Amsterdam, F. Hartgens
SummaryAnabolic–androgenic steroids (anabolic androgens, AAS) are widely abused to enhance performance in sport. The use of AAS chronically or at high dose is associated liver toxicity, sexual dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. There is, however, no epidemiological evidence for a link between cardiovascular disease and AAS use. Mild but more frequently seen adverse reactions, such as acne and testicular atrophy, disappear when the use is discontinued. Some of the cardiovascular adverse effects of AAS, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and coagulation abnormalities, remit after the cessation of anabolic androgen use, whereas reactions such as atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy appear to be irreversible. AAS are associated with aggressive behaviour in men, but the underlying personality traits of AAS abusers and concomitant alcohol use, may confound this relationship.
{"title":"Acute and chronic adverse reaction of anabolic–androgenic steroids","authors":"J. V. van Amsterdam, F. Hartgens","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000006","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryAnabolic–androgenic steroids (anabolic androgens, AAS) are widely abused to enhance performance in sport. The use of AAS chronically or at high dose is associated liver toxicity, sexual dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. There is, however, no epidemiological evidence for a link between cardiovascular disease and AAS use. Mild but more frequently seen adverse reactions, such as acne and testicular atrophy, disappear when the use is discontinued. Some of the cardiovascular adverse effects of AAS, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and coagulation abnormalities, remit after the cessation of anabolic androgen use, whereas reactions such as atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy appear to be irreversible. AAS are associated with aggressive behaviour in men, but the underlying personality traits of AAS abusers and concomitant alcohol use, may confound this relationship.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"288 1","pages":"1111–1114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61683782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000005
J. Aronson
SummaryThe results of this narrative review and published systematic reviews suggest that to reduce the risk of pain during injection with propofol one should use a lipid emulsion of propofol, injected into a large vein, preceded by lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg with venous compression for 30–120 s. The addition of other compounds can also be recommended, and ketamine 0.4 mg/kg (adult dose) may be the additional drug of choice, particularly because the combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) has added therapeutic benefits. In children Emla cream is an option, but to be effective it must be applied about 4 h before propofol is injected.
{"title":"Management of pain during injection of propofol","authors":"J. Aronson","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000005","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe results of this narrative review and published systematic reviews suggest that to reduce the risk of pain during injection with propofol one should use a lipid emulsion of propofol, injected into a large vein, preceded by lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg with venous compression for 30–120 s. The addition of other compounds can also be recommended, and ketamine 0.4 mg/kg (adult dose) may be the additional drug of choice, particularly because the combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) has added therapeutic benefits. In children Emla cream is an option, but to be effective it must be applied about 4 h before propofol is injected.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"287 1","pages":"1107–1110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000004
C. Anton
SummaryThe recent explosion in the use of social media has led to a rapidly changing landscape in pharmacovigilance. More and more patients are content to share health information online and often on entirely open access sites. Such information remains mostly untapped and there are questions as to its usefulness in generating signals of emerging drug safety issues.
{"title":"Adverse drug reactions and social media","authors":"C. Anton","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000004","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe recent explosion in the use of social media has led to a rapidly changing landscape in pharmacovigilance. More and more patients are content to share health information online and often on entirely open access sites. Such information remains mostly untapped and there are questions as to its usefulness in generating signals of emerging drug safety issues.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"286 1","pages":"1103–1106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1097/01.fad.0000439077.37093.a4
Rodrigo Guimarães dos Santos Almeida, M. Mamede, R. Santos-Oliveira
SummaryRadiopharmaceuticals are used commonly and their pharmacokinetics can be altered by drug interactions with other prescribed medicines and interactions with the equipment used to administer them. No pharmacovigilance studies have been performed on their use in Brazil. In order to evaluate the quality, efficacy and security of the radiopharmaceuticals in use in Brazil, a study was conducted involving the main users of radiopharmaceuticals, that is hospitals. A total of 12 hospitals agreed to participate in this study. During the study period (2 years), a questionnaire was administered. Over 400 patients were interviewed and their comments were recorded. Only one of a subset of 55 patients with cancer who received 99mTc-MDP suffered an adverse reaction. The number of patients in this study was small; however, these results are quite similar to those found in European studies.
{"title":"Pharmacovigilance of radiopharmaceuticals used for prostate and breast cancer in Brazil","authors":"Rodrigo Guimarães dos Santos Almeida, M. Mamede, R. Santos-Oliveira","doi":"10.1097/01.fad.0000439077.37093.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.fad.0000439077.37093.a4","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryRadiopharmaceuticals are used commonly and their pharmacokinetics can be altered by drug interactions with other prescribed medicines and interactions with the equipment used to administer them. No pharmacovigilance studies have been performed on their use in Brazil. In order to evaluate the quality, efficacy and security of the radiopharmaceuticals in use in Brazil, a study was conducted involving the main users of radiopharmaceuticals, that is hospitals. A total of 12 hospitals agreed to participate in this study. During the study period (2 years), a questionnaire was administered. Over 400 patients were interviewed and their comments were recorded. Only one of a subset of 55 patients with cancer who received 99mTc-MDP suffered an adverse reaction. The number of patients in this study was small; however, these results are quite similar to those found in European studies.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"283 1","pages":"1091–1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.fad.0000439077.37093.a4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61636248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000000
C. Anton
SummaryThe value of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting schemes in detecting new and serious reactions depends on the number of reports to the schemes and the quality of those reports. The widening of eligibility to report, and especially the inclusion of patients and carers in the reporting system is one way of increasing report numbers; studies show this can be done without compromising the quality of reports. An alternative or complementary strategy is to encourage or incentivize existing reporters. Educational and financial initiatives have been successful, but the success may be short-lived. Better communication with reporters, especially through regional monitoring centres, may help.
{"title":"Encouraging the reporting of adverse drug reactions","authors":"C. Anton","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000000","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe value of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting schemes in detecting new and serious reactions depends on the number of reports to the schemes and the quality of those reports. The widening of eligibility to report, and especially the inclusion of patients and carers in the reporting system is one way of increasing report numbers; studies show this can be done without compromising the quality of reports. An alternative or complementary strategy is to encourage or incentivize existing reporters. Educational and financial initiatives have been successful, but the success may be short-lived. Better communication with reporters, especially through regional monitoring centres, may help.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"282 1","pages":"1087–1090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283651c4f
Christine M. Lin, Julia Rhiannon, E. Chan
SummaryDrug-induced pleural disease, while less common than drug-induced parenchymal lung disease, should be considered in anyone with unexplained pleural abnormality. Drug-induced pleural disease may manifest as pleural effusion with or without pleural eosinophilia, pleuritis, and pleural fibrosis, and may accompany drug-induced parenchymal lung toxicity. Other more serious conditions such as malignancy and infection should be ruled out before attributing pleural disease to drug toxicity. In this review, we discussed the drugs more commonly associated with pleural toxicity but clinicians should remain vigilant to the possibility that any drug is potentially capable of causing pleuroparenchymal lung toxicity.
{"title":"Drug-induced pleural disease","authors":"Christine M. Lin, Julia Rhiannon, E. Chan","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283651c4f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283651c4f","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryDrug-induced pleural disease, while less common than drug-induced parenchymal lung disease, should be considered in anyone with unexplained pleural abnormality. Drug-induced pleural disease may manifest as pleural effusion with or without pleural eosinophilia, pleuritis, and pleural fibrosis, and may accompany drug-induced parenchymal lung toxicity. Other more serious conditions such as malignancy and infection should be ruled out before attributing pleural disease to drug toxicity. In this review, we discussed the drugs more commonly associated with pleural toxicity but clinicians should remain vigilant to the possibility that any drug is potentially capable of causing pleuroparenchymal lung toxicity.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"281 1","pages":"1083–1086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283651c4f","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283628f20
Vicki Osborne
SummaryHypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common sexual disorder in postmenopausal women. Testosterone therapy is a possible option for treatment of HSDD in postmenopausal women, although there are concerns over the safety of testosterone use. Clinical trial data have been limited so far, although more trial results are awaited. Additionally, there is a lack of larger long-term observational studies which have addressed this issue, identifying research gaps in this topic. Androgenic disorders, such as hirsutism, are established adverse effects of testosterone use in women. However, the relationship between breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cardiovascular events with testosterone therapy is unclear in postmenopausal women, given the available evidence. As such, any preexisting risk factors for these events may be considered in patients treated with testosterone, along with the acceptability of potential androgenic adverse effects that the patient may experience. Overall, there is still a lack of clarity on the safety of using testosterone therapy for HSDD in postmenopausal women and data from further studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion.
{"title":"Safety of testosterone therapy indicated for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women","authors":"Vicki Osborne","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283628f20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283628f20","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryHypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common sexual disorder in postmenopausal women. Testosterone therapy is a possible option for treatment of HSDD in postmenopausal women, although there are concerns over the safety of testosterone use. Clinical trial data have been limited so far, although more trial results are awaited. Additionally, there is a lack of larger long-term observational studies which have addressed this issue, identifying research gaps in this topic. Androgenic disorders, such as hirsutism, are established adverse effects of testosterone use in women. However, the relationship between breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cardiovascular events with testosterone therapy is unclear in postmenopausal women, given the available evidence. As such, any preexisting risk factors for these events may be considered in patients treated with testosterone, along with the acceptability of potential androgenic adverse effects that the patient may experience. Overall, there is still a lack of clarity on the safety of using testosterone therapy for HSDD in postmenopausal women and data from further studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"280 1","pages":"1079–1082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283628f20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e32836106df
Lúcia Taborda, B. Amaral, D. Isenberg
SummaryDrug-induced vasculitis is an inflammatory vasculopathy associated with drugs of almost every class and accounting for approximately 3% of the vasculitides. Although small vessel disease limited to the skin is the most common form, involvement of blood vessels in virtually every organ system may occur. Given its similarity to other vasculitides and the absence of reliable confirmatory tests, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity invariably play an important role in pathogenesis. To date, the most likely mechanism is related to the development of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Withdrawal of the suspected causative drug is essential, but corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents or, rarely, plasmapheresis may be necessary in multiorgan or life-threatening disease. The mortality is up to 10%.
{"title":"Drug-induced vasculitis","authors":"Lúcia Taborda, B. Amaral, D. Isenberg","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e32836106df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32836106df","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryDrug-induced vasculitis is an inflammatory vasculopathy associated with drugs of almost every class and accounting for approximately 3% of the vasculitides. Although small vessel disease limited to the skin is the most common form, involvement of blood vessels in virtually every organ system may occur. Given its similarity to other vasculitides and the absence of reliable confirmatory tests, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity invariably play an important role in pathogenesis. To date, the most likely mechanism is related to the development of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Withdrawal of the suspected causative drug is essential, but corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents or, rarely, plasmapheresis may be necessary in multiorgan or life-threatening disease. The mortality is up to 10%.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"279 1","pages":"1075–1078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32836106df","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e32835ed7b5
Adam G. Thomas
SummaryNeurological adverse events can be broadly divided into those affecting the central nervous system and those affecting the peripheral nervous system. Chemotherapy-induced neurological adverse effects can reduce treatment efficacy or lead to treatment failure, and can impair the patient's quality of life. Neurotoxicity is more likely when chemotherapy is combined with radiotherapy. Concomitantly prescribed supportive therapy, and the disease itself, can make it difficult to identify the cause of neurological adverse effects. However, the type and degree of toxicity has been shown to be related to the drug type, dose-intensity and cumulative dosage.
{"title":"Neurological adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy","authors":"Adam G. Thomas","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e32835ed7b5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32835ed7b5","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryNeurological adverse events can be broadly divided into those affecting the central nervous system and those affecting the peripheral nervous system. Chemotherapy-induced neurological adverse effects can reduce treatment efficacy or lead to treatment failure, and can impair the patient's quality of life. Neurotoxicity is more likely when chemotherapy is combined with radiotherapy. Concomitantly prescribed supportive therapy, and the disease itself, can make it difficult to identify the cause of neurological adverse effects. However, the type and degree of toxicity has been shown to be related to the drug type, dose-intensity and cumulative dosage.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"278 1","pages":"1071–1074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32835ed7b5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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