Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020009
Stig Jarle Hansen
This article asks how variations of state territorial control have influenced police missions in the recent past, and illustrate how recent police reforms were based on the structure of a ‘western’ type state with clearly identifiable formal state institutions enjoying autonomy, that strive for a form of territorial monopoly over violence. The article argues for moving beyond such assumptions by adopting scenarios based on how territory is controlled, developing four scenarios that can enable foreign-backed police missions to adapt to local circumstances. The article draws upon the typology of territorial control developed by Hansen in 2017/2019, amending this model to be adapted for policing. It argues that each of these scenarios require different strategies and compromises in order to create functioning police forces.
{"title":"Striving for the Impossible? Policing and Territoriality in the Age of the War on Terror","authors":"Stig Jarle Hansen","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16020009","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks how variations of state territorial control have influenced police missions in the recent past, and illustrate how recent police reforms were based on the structure of a ‘western’ type state with clearly identifiable formal state institutions enjoying autonomy, that strive for a form of territorial monopoly over violence. The article argues for moving beyond such assumptions by adopting scenarios based on how territory is controlled, developing four scenarios that can enable foreign-backed police missions to adapt to local circumstances. The article draws upon the typology of territorial control developed by Hansen in 2017/2019, amending this model to be adapted for policing. It argues that each of these scenarios require different strategies and compromises in order to create functioning police forces.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44487421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020001
I. Nyborg, Daniel Lohmann
{"title":"Emerging Perspectives on Post-Conflict Police-Community Relations II","authors":"I. Nyborg, Daniel Lohmann","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16020001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010003
Annelie Holgersson, Ann Eklund, Lina Gyllencreutz, B. Saveman
Responding to mass casualty incidents in a tunnel environment is problematic not least from a prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) perspective. The aim of this review was to 1) categorize preconditions for emergency response in tunnel environments based on Haddon’s matrix and 2) identify specific EMS knowledge of providing prehospital care. Twenty eight articles, reports and book chapters were selected for further analysis. Firstly, sorting the data from each included article was done according to Haddon’s matrix. The result covers human factors, technical factors, physical environmental factors and socioeconomic environmental factors all related to preconditions for emergency response. To describe the EMS’s knowledge the data was also sorted according to command and safety, communication, assessment, and triage treatment and transport, also known as CSCATT. Few studies, especially of high quality, actually provide detailed information regarding emergency response to tunnel incidents and those that do, often have a main focus on management by the rescue service. While many incidents studied were caused by fires in tunnels, thus requiring rescue service in action, the subsequent EMS response issues that have taken place appear to have been given limited attention. To optimize the survival rates and health of the injured, as well as to provide a safe and effective work environment for the emergency services, there is a need to explore the event phase.
{"title":"Emergency Medical Response in Mass Casualty Tunnel Incidents—with Emphasis on Prehospital Care","authors":"Annelie Holgersson, Ann Eklund, Lina Gyllencreutz, B. Saveman","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16010003","url":null,"abstract":"Responding to mass casualty incidents in a tunnel environment is problematic not least from a prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) perspective. The aim of this review was to 1) categorize preconditions for emergency response in tunnel environments based on Haddon’s matrix and 2) identify specific EMS knowledge of providing prehospital care. Twenty eight articles, reports and book chapters were selected for further analysis. Firstly, sorting the data from each included article was done according to Haddon’s matrix. The result covers human factors, technical factors, physical environmental factors and socioeconomic environmental factors all related to preconditions for emergency response. To describe the EMS’s knowledge the data was also sorted according to command and safety, communication, assessment, and triage treatment and transport, also known as CSCATT. Few studies, especially of high quality, actually provide detailed information regarding emergency response to tunnel incidents and those that do, often have a main focus on management by the rescue service. While many incidents studied were caused by fires in tunnels, thus requiring rescue service in action, the subsequent EMS response issues that have taken place appear to have been given limited attention. To optimize the survival rates and health of the injured, as well as to provide a safe and effective work environment for the emergency services, there is a need to explore the event phase.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48172922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010001
Sabina Lautensach
Dear Reader, As the 21st century unfolds before us and humanity passed the eight-billion mark, global challange to human security are increasing in number and magnitude The current coronavirus pandemic reminds us that the health- related pillar of human security plays no minor part in this escalation The pandemic has followed first resport of a novel kind of pneumonia on 8 December 2019 From 31 December, when the outbreak was reported to the WHO, the epidemic was official Current time courses of morbidity and mortality indicate that an inflection point has not yet been reached According to a Lancet Global Health report [1], 45 204 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were confirmed as of 12 February, and 1116 deaths had been reported in twenty-five countries More recently, the WHO [2] reported 77 923 cases in twenty-nine countries and 2361 deaths as of 22 February
{"title":"Editorial 2020","authors":"Sabina Lautensach","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16010001","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Reader, As the 21st century unfolds before us and humanity passed the eight-billion mark, global challange to human security are increasing in number and magnitude The current coronavirus pandemic reminds us that the health- related pillar of human security plays no minor part in this escalation The pandemic has followed first resport of a novel kind of pneumonia on 8 December 2019 From 31 December, when the outbreak was reported to the WHO, the epidemic was official Current time courses of morbidity and mortality indicate that an inflection point has not yet been reached According to a Lancet Global Health report [1], 45 204 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were confirmed as of 12 February, and 1116 deaths had been reported in twenty-five countries More recently, the WHO [2] reported 77 923 cases in twenty-nine countries and 2361 deaths as of 22 February","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current era of globalization is characterized by a high degree of interconnectedness across borders and continents. This not only goes hand in hand with significant levels of international trade and foreign direct investments but also with migration, which is all too often driven by conflicts of various kinds. While various interdependencies between conflict and migration have been explored in the literature, a link that is not yet sufficiently understood relates to the interdependencies between environmental or resource-related conflicts and migration as well as the role of governance in this respect. This book strives to overcome some of these shortages in providing an interdisciplinary analysis of the interconnectedness between environmental and resource conflicts and migration. To this end, the contributions of this book address four core questions: (i) When do environmental and resource-related problems lead to conflicts and how does this create incentives for migration? How does the governance of natural resources either reduce or enhance the chances of conflicts and migration to emerge? (ii) Who leaves a country and where do migrants go? Which migration governance arrangements are at play in mediating conflicts and in directing migration flows? (iii) How do the trajectories of national, regional and international migration governance regimes look like? How effectively do they regulate environmental or resource-related migration? (iv) Which effects does migration have on possible conflict dynamics in destination countries and what is the role of governance arrangements in this respect? How do host countries participate in governance for the prevention of environmental or resource-related conflicts in countries of origin in order to reduce or prevent migration?
{"title":"Environmental Conflicts, Migration and Governance","authors":"P. Bellamy","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvvsqc5m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvsqc5m","url":null,"abstract":"The current era of globalization is characterized by a high degree of interconnectedness across borders and continents. This not only goes hand in hand with significant levels of international trade and foreign direct investments but also with migration, which is all too often driven by conflicts of various kinds. While various interdependencies between conflict and migration have been explored in the literature, a link that is not yet sufficiently understood relates to the interdependencies between environmental or resource-related conflicts and migration as well as the role of governance in this respect. This book strives to overcome some of these shortages in providing an interdisciplinary analysis of the interconnectedness between environmental and resource conflicts and migration. To this end, the contributions of this book address four core questions: (i) When do environmental and resource-related problems lead to conflicts and how does this create incentives for migration? How does the governance of natural resources either reduce or enhance the chances of conflicts and migration to emerge? (ii) Who leaves a country and where do migrants go? Which migration governance arrangements are at play in mediating conflicts and in directing migration flows? (iii) How do the trajectories of national, regional and international migration governance regimes look like? How effectively do they regulate environmental or resource-related migration? (iv) Which effects does migration have on possible conflict dynamics in destination countries and what is the role of governance arrangements in this respect? How do host countries participate in governance for the prevention of environmental or resource-related conflicts in countries of origin in order to reduce or prevent migration?","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-14DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.15020070
Erika Julieta Rojas Ospina
{"title":"The Gendered Nature of Security in El Salvador: Challenges for Community-Oriented Policing","authors":"Erika Julieta Rojas Ospina","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.15020070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.15020070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-14DOI: 10.12924/johs2019.15020070
Erika Julieta Rojas Ospina
With the purge of the Military Forces and the creation of a new National Civilian Police ( PNC ) as mandated by the 1992 Peace Accords, El Salvador set the stage for the construction of a less state-oriented security approach. However, a failure to question issues of security and a lack of consideration of gender in the Peace negotiations and the Security Reform resulted in an overly gendered understanding of security, were the State remained as its subject and the practice privileged a militarized masculinity that has hindered the implementation of democratic policing. In this context, 25 years after the Peace Accords, the police have been unable to consolidate a democratic policing practice as oppressive policing strategies remain deeply embedded in the institution, side-by-side with heavy-handed measures that use repression to control social violence. From a feminist critical security approach, the article questions the gendered nature of security in El Salvador, and investigates the implication of the introduction of militaries into the work of the police, in terms of its symbolic influence in the gendered expectations of police men and women, and the practical impact it has on their work, e.g., the difficulty of consolidating Community-Oriented Policing. The argument is based on interviews and focus groups with police men and women, as well as with feminist organizations. The information was gathered during fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, and through extensive literature review.
{"title":"The Gendered Nature of Security in El Salvador: Challenges for Community-Oriented Policing","authors":"Erika Julieta Rojas Ospina","doi":"10.12924/johs2019.15020070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2019.15020070","url":null,"abstract":"With the purge of the Military Forces and the creation of a new National Civilian Police ( PNC ) as mandated by the 1992 Peace Accords, El Salvador set the stage for the construction of a less state-oriented security approach. However, a failure to question issues of security and a lack of consideration of gender in the Peace negotiations and the Security Reform resulted in an overly gendered understanding of security, were the State remained as its subject and the practice privileged a militarized masculinity that has hindered the implementation of democratic policing. In this context, 25 years after the Peace Accords, the police have been unable to consolidate a democratic policing practice as oppressive policing strategies remain deeply embedded in the institution, side-by-side with heavy-handed measures that use repression to control social violence. From a feminist critical security approach, the article questions the gendered nature of security in El Salvador, and investigates the implication of the introduction of militaries into the work of the police, in terms of its symbolic influence in the gendered expectations of police men and women, and the practical impact it has on their work, e.g., the difficulty of consolidating Community-Oriented Policing. The argument is based on interviews and focus groups with police men and women, as well as with feminist organizations. The information was gathered during fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, and through extensive literature review.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.12924/johs2019.15020054
I. Nyborg, Jaishankar Ganapathy, Ajmal Nimruzi
In Afghanistan, police reform is an important focus of international efforts. After over a decade of assistance, however, there are still daunting challenges of public trust and police effectiveness. From a civilian perspective, the role of the police is a crucial one—and very different from that of the military. Communities, being at the very heart of security challenges, are well positioned to understand the intricacies of security and development. A police service able to work closely with communities plays an important role in managing conflict in the long run. Recognizing this, Afghanistan’s Ministry of Interior Affairs (MoIA) has steadily increased its efforts in community-oriented policing (COP), despite a deteriorating security situation since the withdrawal of US troops in 2014. This paper explores how COP in Afghanistan links with local communities and institutions to ensure both peoples’ security and trust. It begins by considering police-community relations through a broad lens of human security, which comprises the social, economic, political, cultural and legal aspects of their everyday lives. We then examine international assistance to police reform, how the Afghan police have developed their COP philosophy, and how this has played out in re-defining police-community relations. Using field data from Nimruz Province, we then look at the role of local institutions of chowkidari and shura in addressing people’s insecurities, and opportunities for linking these with COP efforts of the police. We conclude that there is a real potential for COP in Afghanistan that his locally owned and sustainable, if enough attention is given to inclusive processes and developing creative and flexible trust-building relationships with local institutions and organizations.
{"title":"From Guns to Roses: Understanding Community-Oriented Policing in Afghanistan","authors":"I. Nyborg, Jaishankar Ganapathy, Ajmal Nimruzi","doi":"10.12924/johs2019.15020054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2019.15020054","url":null,"abstract":"In Afghanistan, police reform is an important focus of international efforts. After over a decade of assistance, however, there are still daunting challenges of public trust and police effectiveness. From a civilian perspective, the role of the police is a crucial one—and very different from that of the military. Communities, being at the very heart of security challenges, are well positioned to understand the intricacies of security and development. A police service able to work closely with communities plays an important role in managing conflict in the long run. Recognizing this, Afghanistan’s Ministry of Interior Affairs (MoIA) has steadily increased its efforts in community-oriented policing (COP), despite a deteriorating security situation since the withdrawal of US troops in 2014. This paper explores how COP in Afghanistan links with local communities and institutions to ensure both peoples’ security and trust. It begins by considering police-community relations through a broad lens of human security, which comprises the social, economic, political, cultural and legal aspects of their everyday lives. We then examine international assistance to police reform, how the Afghan police have developed their COP philosophy, and how this has played out in re-defining police-community relations. Using field data from Nimruz Province, we then look at the role of local institutions of chowkidari and shura in addressing people’s insecurities, and opportunities for linking these with COP efforts of the police. We conclude that there is a real potential for COP in Afghanistan that his locally owned and sustainable, if enough attention is given to inclusive processes and developing creative and flexible trust-building relationships with local institutions and organizations.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44248055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.12924/JOHS2019.15020041
Nawab Bahadar, Shakir Ullah, I. Nyborg, T. Maqsood
Community - police relations in Pakistan are often intricate , as are their reforms . Mistrust , political intervention , meager financial resources , lack of educated / trained human resources , over - expectations and miscommunication are some of the factors contributing to weak policing and poor community - police relations . The police as a service - oriented public institution has been a demand of the public and the dream of consecutive governments . In this study , we explore the political , institutional and technical reforms taken by the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( KP ) and the police department to improve their police and policing . The Police Act 2017 and Community - Oriented Policing , Dispute Resolution Councils ( DRCs ), and Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) initiatives are critically analyzed in terms of their intentions and contribution to improved police - community relations . Politicians , police , civil society organizations and community members from KP were interviewed for their perceptions of police reforms and community - police relations . The study finds strong political will to empower and depoliticize police , and to shift its focus from purely crime fighting into community service provision , including pro-active engagement of police with the community . The study also finds that most of the new initiatives of the government of KP are in the spirit of community -- oriented policing , and community members see visible improvement in policing and community - police relations .
{"title":"Community-Oriented Policing: Political, Institutional and Technical Reforms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Police","authors":"Nawab Bahadar, Shakir Ullah, I. Nyborg, T. Maqsood","doi":"10.12924/JOHS2019.15020041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/JOHS2019.15020041","url":null,"abstract":"Community - police relations in Pakistan are often intricate , as are their reforms . Mistrust , political intervention , meager financial resources , lack of educated / trained human resources , over - expectations and miscommunication are some of the factors contributing to weak policing and poor community - police relations . The police as a service - oriented public institution has been a demand of the public and the dream of consecutive governments . In this study , we explore the political , institutional and technical reforms taken by the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( KP ) and the police department to improve their police and policing . The Police Act 2017 and Community - Oriented Policing , Dispute Resolution Councils ( DRCs ), and Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) initiatives are critically analyzed in terms of their intentions and contribution to improved police - community relations . Politicians , police , civil society organizations and community members from KP were interviewed for their perceptions of police reforms and community - police relations . The study finds strong political will to empower and depoliticize police , and to shift its focus from purely crime fighting into community service provision , including pro-active engagement of police with the community . The study also finds that most of the new initiatives of the government of KP are in the spirit of community -- oriented policing , and community members see visible improvement in policing and community - police relations .","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45866150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-17DOI: 10.12924/JOHS2019.15020021
T. Maqsood, S. Madani, B. Nawab, Shakir Ullah, I. Nyborg
Community-oriented policing (COP) as a model has found widespread acceptance throughout the world both in developed and developing countries. Similarly, Information and Communication Technologies ( ICTs ) have been embraced by many developed countries to augment COP initiatives. However, very little is known about the application of ICTs in COP in developing countries, particularly South Asia. In this article, we review the current ICT -based COP initiatives by focusing on some of the selected projects from developed countries and South Asia. The paper has used COP in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( KP ) province of Pakistan as a case. While meaningful insights can be derived through learning from the experiences of developed countries, we highlight some major issues and challenges that are likely to be faced while implementing ICT based COP in South Asia. Moreover, we provide an overview of some exciting opportunities that arise as a result of embracing ICTs to enhance COP efforts for building trusting community-police relations and hence improving human security in the region.
{"title":"Role of ICT in Community-Oriented Policing in South Asia: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"T. Maqsood, S. Madani, B. Nawab, Shakir Ullah, I. Nyborg","doi":"10.12924/JOHS2019.15020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/JOHS2019.15020021","url":null,"abstract":"Community-oriented policing (COP) as a model has found widespread acceptance throughout the world both in developed and developing countries. Similarly, Information and Communication Technologies ( ICTs ) have been embraced by many developed countries to augment COP initiatives. However, very little is known about the application of ICTs in COP in developing countries, particularly South Asia. In this article, we review the current ICT -based COP initiatives by focusing on some of the selected projects from developed countries and South Asia. The paper has used COP in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( KP ) province of Pakistan as a case. While meaningful insights can be derived through learning from the experiences of developed countries, we highlight some major issues and challenges that are likely to be faced while implementing ICT based COP in South Asia. Moreover, we provide an overview of some exciting opportunities that arise as a result of embracing ICTs to enhance COP efforts for building trusting community-police relations and hence improving human security in the region.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42802926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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