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Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatria最新文献

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Relación de variables sociodemográficas con niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios 社会人口学变量与大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力水平的关系
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200156
Jenny Arntz V., Silvana Trunce M., Gloria Villarroel Q., Karlis Werner C., Sonia Muñoz M.
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引用次数: 0
Acompañamiento de un paciente con cáncer avanzado desde un enfoque psicosomático e integrativo. Una propuesta de mirada integradora 从心身和综合的方法陪伴晚期癌症患者。一个综合观点的建议
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200213
Mónica del-Prado-Alarcón Dra.
The advances of modern medicine have allowed us to subspecialize in various areas, with great gain in multiple areas, but sometimes suffering from losing the perspective of the complete human being. Health and illness happen to a subject who is more than the sum of its parts. Liaison Psychiatry seeks to integrate the looks and overcome the “false split” of being. It manages to do it when the symptom starts in the psyche. Psychosomatic medicine emerges as an opportunity to do so when the symptom / illness originates in the body. I present the story of a pathient, who has a very frequent organic disease in our days, addressing the conventional view, and also adding the psychosomatic perspective. For this we use the tools of integrative medicine, specifically those of anthroposophic medicine and artistic therapy. The purpose of his presentation is to show this sight of how to approach these patients and their therapeutic accompaniment, which tries to reunify psyche-somatism as a form of healing of the Being. This approach proposes a concrete path, with a common sight and language, between various specialties, that allows to recover the place of center of the identity of the human being, as being subject to accompany in health and illness. I think this may have benefits in the morbidity and mortality of patients.
现代医学的进步使我们能够在不同的领域细分,在多个领域获得巨大的收益,但有时却因失去完整的人类视角而受苦。健康和疾病发生在一个主体身上,而不是其各部分的总和。联络精神病学寻求整合外表,克服存在的“虚假分裂”。当症状开始出现在心理上时,它就成功地做到了这一点。当症状/疾病起源于身体时,心身医学作为这样做的机会出现。我要讲一个病人的故事,在我们这个时代,他患有一种非常常见的器质性疾病,除了传统的观点外,还加入了心身的观点。为此,我们使用综合医学的工具,特别是那些人智医学和艺术疗法。他的演讲的目的是展示如何接近这些病人和他们的治疗陪伴,这试图重新统一精神-身体作为一种形式的治疗存在。这种方法提出了一条具体的道路,具有共同的视觉和语言,在不同的专业之间,允许恢复人类身份的中心位置,作为健康和疾病的伴随。我认为这对病人的发病率和死亡率都有好处。
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引用次数: 0
Impacto de COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de niñas, niños y adolescentes COVID-19对儿童和青少年心理健康的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200223
M. Cortés-Cortés
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引用次数: 0
Sintonizando con otro: la teoría polivagal y el proceso de psicoterapia 与他人调音:迷走神经理论与心理治疗过程
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200185
Michele Dufey D., Ana María Fernández T., José Antonio Muñoz R.
The present work presents the polivagal theory as a bio-behavioral model of emotional and interpersonal behavior, aiming to identify its theoretical contributions to the study of psychotherapy regarding client ́s clinical status, therapeutic process as well as change. A review of the model shows a reconceptualization of interactions among autononomic nervous system and emotionality within interpersonal context, allowing for identifying normal and pathological activation of defensive behavioral strategies (figh-or-flight and immobilization), as well as their inhibition through the social engagement system. Empirical research shows evidence in favor of hypotheses derived from the model in normal and clinical populations. In clinical contexts, the social engagement system is of particular interest as it allows the emergence of interpersonal trustworthy behavior, being a cornerstone in psychotherapy due to its potential diagnostic value for clients, the development of the therapeutic relationships, as well as beneficial outcomes. Lastly, a nascent body of psychotherapy studies assessing the social engagement system (through high frequency heart rate variability-) and its relation with the therapeutic process (i.e. working alliance) and outcomes (i.e. symptom level) are identified. The evidence supports the value of further developing this interdisciplinary line of research and, eventually, incorporating these measurements into the clinical assessment arsenal.
本研究将政治政治理论作为一种情感和人际行为的生物行为模型,旨在确定其对心理治疗研究的理论贡献,包括来访者的临床状态、治疗过程和变化。对该模型的回顾表明,在人际关系背景下,自主神经系统和情绪之间的相互作用的重新概念化,允许识别防御性行为策略(战斗或逃跑和固定)的正常和病理激活,以及它们通过社会参与系统的抑制。实证研究表明,在正常和临床人群中,支持从模型中得出的假设的证据。在临床环境中,社会参与系统特别令人感兴趣,因为它允许人际信任行为的出现,由于其对客户的潜在诊断价值,治疗关系的发展以及有益的结果,成为心理治疗的基石。最后,一个新生的心理治疗研究机构评估社会参与系统(通过高频心率变异性-)及其与治疗过程(即工作联盟)和结果(即症状水平)的关系。证据支持进一步发展这一跨学科研究的价值,并最终将这些测量纳入临床评估库。
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引用次数: 0
Dificultades interpersonales en los trastornos alimentarios: Un modelo psiconeurobiológico explicativo/comprensivo 饮食失调中的人际困难:解释/综合心理-神经生物学模型
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200195
Rosa Behar, María Patricia Cordella
Background: Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by psychosocial disfunctions, like social anxiety, alexithymia and lack of assertiveness. Objective: To propose a comprehensive integrative model including neurobiology and behavior aspects. Method: A literature review on Medline/PubMed, SciELO and specialized texts databases were assessed against quality criteria. Core concepts were extracted and coherence articulated. Results: Four factors were disposed to meaning: alarm and reward system with social brain and control (inhibition/excitation) mechanisms. They were articulate in a complex psychophysiological interplay. They were associated with social behaviours achieved/not achieved during development. Food intake could operate like a pathological balance to psychopathological effects Conclusion: An explanatory/comprehensive psychoneurobiological model to understand social function in ED is proposed. This form of understanding facilitates: the connection between emerging research in eating disorders and ID; clinical decision-making and guide the prognosis and treatment alternatives.
背景:饮食障碍(ED)的特点是心理社会功能紊乱,如社交焦虑、述情障碍和缺乏自信。目的:提出一个包括神经生物学和行为学的综合模型。方法:根据质量标准对Medline/PubMed、SciELO和专业文本数据库的文献综述进行评估。提取了核心概念并阐明了连贯性。结果:四个因素被认为是有意义的:具有社会大脑的警报和奖励系统以及控制(抑制/兴奋)机制。它们在复杂的心理生理相互作用中清晰可见。它们与发展过程中实现/未实现的社会行为有关。食物摄入可以像心理病理效应的病理平衡一样运作。结论:提出了一个解释性/综合性的心理神经生物学模型来理解ED的社会功能。这种形式的理解有助于:新出现的饮食失调研究与ID之间的联系;临床决策并指导预后和治疗方案。
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引用次数: 0
Uso de Psicofármacos y Riesgo de Apnea del Sueño en pacientes internados en Hospital General 综合医院住院患者精神药物使用与睡眠呼吸暂停风险
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200148
Gabriela López-Rega, Viviana Porto C, Sebastián Lema S, Mauricio Graña, Florencia Núñez, M. Pérez, J. Puig, A. Ramírez, P. Rivero
SUMMARY A cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of identifying the link between psychotropic medications and an increased risk of suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients under treatment with psychotropic medication who were hospitalized in General Hospital (Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay) during the July-September 2019 period. The STOP BANG questionnaire was applied, elevated risk of OSA was found in 59.4% of the sample, of which 75.6% were male, while 24.4% were female. The elevated risk of OSA was: 54.4% for patients under treatment with a single psychotropic medication and 71.4% for patients under treatment with two psychotropic medications. Antipsychotics were the most frequently group of psychotropic drugs linked to an elevated OSA risk.
摘要进行了一项横断面研究,目的是确定2019年7-9月期间在综合医院(乌拉圭蒙得维的亚巴斯德医院)接受精神药物治疗的患者患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)风险增加与精神药物之间的联系。采用STOP-BANG问卷,59.4%的样本OSA风险升高,其中75.6%为男性,24.4%为女性。OSA的风险升高:接受单一精神药物治疗的患者为54.4%,接受两种精神药物治疗患者为71.4%。抗精神病药物是与OSA风险升高相关的最常见的精神药物组。
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引用次数: 0
Corticoesteroides: su utilidad en el abordaje farmacológico de la crisis de migraña 皮质类固醇:在偏头痛危机的药理学治疗中的应用
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200167
Barral Eliseo, C. Buonanotte
Migraine is a frequent and debilitating primary headache. People with acute severe migraine attack often present to the emergency department, and standard treatment for the migraine attack generally includes the use of several drugs such as are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, triptans, ergotamine, antidopaminergic agents, among others. Steroids have been widely prescribed, either as monotherapy or as add-on treatment, to manage migraine attacks in the emergency setting. Several clinical studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of corticosteroids in aborting acute migraine attacks and avoiding their recurrence. In this review, we make a critical appraisal of the published literature about corticosteroids treatment for the migraine attack. Overall, they could be considered as an adjunctive therapy for resistant, recurrent o prolonged (migraine status) migraine attacks.
偏头痛是一种常见的、使人衰弱的原发性头痛。患有急性严重偏头痛发作的人经常去急诊科就诊,偏头痛发作的标准治疗通常包括使用几种药物,如非甾体抗炎药、曲坦、麦角胺、抗多巴胺能药物等。类固醇已被广泛用作单药治疗或附加治疗,以在紧急情况下治疗偏头痛。已经进行了几项临床研究来评估皮质类固醇在终止急性偏头痛发作和避免其复发方面的疗效。在这篇综述中,我们对已发表的关于皮质类固醇治疗偏头痛发作的文献进行了批判性评价。总的来说,它们可以被认为是抵抗性、复发性或长期(偏头痛状态)偏头痛发作的辅助疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Aspectos neurobiológicos en la toma de decisiones afectivas y sociales e influencia del estrés: posibles implicancias en la toma de decisiones clínicas. 情感和社会决策的神经生物学方面以及压力的影响:可能对临床决策产生影响。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000200176
Maximiliano Abarca, C. Vargas, D. Romero, Darío Villanueva, M. Arancibia
Decision-making is influenced by multiple unaware factors. We synthesize some neurobiological correlates of the affective and social components on decision-making, including the impact of acute and chronic stress. We also address the impact of heuristics and biases on clinical practice from the cognitive perspective. At an affective level, the hypothesis of the somatic marker has associated the peripheral body response with central nervous structures in the configuration of decisions; structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus intervene. The reward and motivation dimensions are involved in social decision-making. In these types of decisions, the ability to mentally engage others and integrate their perspective into decision making is crucial. This function has been related to the posterior superior temporal sulcus, the temporoparietal junction, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the medial prefrontal cortex. However, compliance with socially established norms is also integrated into social decision-making. Acute or chronic stress may affect decision-making, positively or negatively. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been involved in these processes together with corticostriatal, prefrontal, amygdala and hippocampal circuits. In clinical decision-making, “pre-reflective” emotional, social and cognitive factors are combined, influencing the decisions towards patients. We recommend emphasizing research in this field and strengthening education in this area to recognize these aspects adequately.
决策受到多种未知因素的影响。我们综合了情感和社会成分对决策的一些神经生物学相关性,包括急性和慢性压力的影响。我们还从认知的角度讨论了启发式和偏见对临床实践的影响。在情感层面上,躯体标记的假设将外周体反应与决策配置中的中枢神经结构联系起来;眶额皮质和海马体等结构进行干预。奖励和动机维度涉及社会决策。在这些类型的决策中,在心理上与他人互动并将他们的观点融入决策的能力至关重要。这种功能与颞后上沟、颞顶叶交界处、前扣带皮层和内侧前额叶皮层有关。然而,遵守社会既定规范也被纳入社会决策。急性或慢性压力可能会对决策产生积极或消极的影响。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴与皮质纹状体、前额叶、杏仁核和海马回路一起参与了这些过程。在临床决策中,“预先反思”的情绪、社会和认知因素结合在一起,影响对患者的决策。我们建议强调这一领域的研究,并加强这方面的教育,以充分认识到这些方面。
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引用次数: 1
Disfunción urinaria en la enfermedad de Parkinson: una revisión práctica. 帕金森氏症的尿功能障碍:一项实用回顾。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000100062
Daniel Jaramillo M, Miguel José Ortiz M, Sebastián Pérez C, Santiago Vásquez-Builes, Isabel Cristina Rojas G
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引用次数: 0
Construcción y validación de una escala breve de capacidades de resiliencia en niños(as) respondida por madres, padres y cuidadores (ECR-P/9-12) 母亲、父亲和看护人应对的儿童复原力短期量表的构建和验证(ECR-P/9-12)
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-92272022000100003
Rodrigo Rojas-Andrade, M. Halpern G., M. Montt S, M. Larraguibel Q
Introduction: The present research aimed to elaborate and analyze the psychometric properties of a brief scale of Resilience Capacities for children answered by mothers, fathers and caregivers (ECR-P / 9-12). Method: A four-phase instrumental design was followed: (1) item construction, (2) content validity, (3) cognitive interviews and; (4) analysis of psychometric properties. Results: 345 questions were initially constructed, reduced to eight thereafter from the results of the cognitive interviews and the Interjudge evaluation. The items were applied online to 267 parents and caregivers in the Metropolitan Region. The factor analysis showed satisfactory indicators of goodness of fit for the one-factor model (RMSEA = 0.071; CFI = 0.980; TLI = 974) and adequate internal consistency (α = 0.723), leaving the scale finally made up of seven items. Conclusion: The ECR-P constitutes a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of resilience capacities in childhood, constituting a contribution for the promotion, prevention and intervention in mental health.
前言:本研究旨在阐述和分析由母亲、父亲和照顾者回答的儿童弹性能力简短量表(ECR-P / 9-12)的心理测量特征。方法:采用四阶段工具设计:(1)项目构建;(2)内容效度;(3)认知访谈;(4)心理测量性质分析。结果:最初编制了345个问题,之后根据认知访谈和Interjudge评估的结果减少到8个问题。这些项目是在网上向首都地区的267名家长和看护人申请的。因子分析显示单因素模型的拟合优度指标令人满意(RMSEA = 0.071;Cfi = 0.980;TLI = 974)和足够的内部一致性(α = 0.723),使量表最终由七个项目组成。结论:ECR-P是一种有效、可靠的儿童心理适应能力评价工具,对儿童心理健康的促进、预防和干预具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatria
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