J. Austermann, Yvonne Ban, J. Beall, M. Berthoud, R. Contente, N. DeNigris, B. Dober, Jiansong Gao, G. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, Stephen Kuczarski, Dennis Lee, E. Lunde, Zhiyuan Ma, P. Mauskopf, M. Mccrackan, C. Mckenney, J. McMahon, G. Novak, Sophia Abi-saad, S. Simon, K. Souccar, J. Ullom, E. V. Camp, J. Lanen, M. Vissers, G. Wilson
TolTEC is a 3-band millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter scheduled for deployment to the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) in January 2020. TolTEC consists of three, kilopixel-scale, monolithic arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs), together comprising over 7,000 polarization sensitive detectors. Here we describe many of the unique aspects of the TolTEC all-silicon focal plane design. We then present both laboratory and fully integrated in-receiver measurements in the lab with which we characterize the optical, resonator, and noise properties of the arrays.
{"title":"TolTEC focal plane arrays: design, characterization, and performance of kilopixel MKID focal planes","authors":"J. Austermann, Yvonne Ban, J. Beall, M. Berthoud, R. Contente, N. DeNigris, B. Dober, Jiansong Gao, G. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, Stephen Kuczarski, Dennis Lee, E. Lunde, Zhiyuan Ma, P. Mauskopf, M. Mccrackan, C. Mckenney, J. McMahon, G. Novak, Sophia Abi-saad, S. Simon, K. Souccar, J. Ullom, E. V. Camp, J. Lanen, M. Vissers, G. Wilson","doi":"10.1117/12.2562086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562086","url":null,"abstract":"TolTEC is a 3-band millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter scheduled for deployment to the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) in January 2020. TolTEC consists of three, kilopixel-scale, monolithic arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs), together comprising over 7,000 polarization sensitive detectors. Here we describe many of the unique aspects of the TolTEC all-silicon focal plane design. We then present both laboratory and fully integrated in-receiver measurements in the lab with which we characterize the optical, resonator, and noise properties of the arrays.","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128264425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sinclair, Ryan Stephenson, J. Hoh, S. Gordon, P. Mauskopf
We describe the development of a reconfigurable frequency multiplexed readout system for superconducting arrays. This system is an upgrade to the ROACH2 based readout system we have developed for a number of balloon-borne and ground-based instruments including BLAST-TNG, OLIMPO, MUSCAT, Superspec and TolTEC. Specifically our development has targeted the RFSoC ZCU111 evaluation board of which the size, weight, power, and instantaneous bandwidth have made it an attractive candidate for future balloon-borne or space-based astronomical instruments. Applications for the new readout system focus primarily on: frequency multiplexed superconducting nanowires single-photon detectors, Kinetic inductance detectors, Transition Edge Sensors, and Quantum Capacitance detectors. We will discuss the overlapping readout requirements that drive the general firmware architecture. Preliminary measurements with the new readout system using different detector technologies will also be presented.
{"title":"On the development of a reconfigurable readout for superconducting arrays","authors":"A. Sinclair, Ryan Stephenson, J. Hoh, S. Gordon, P. Mauskopf","doi":"10.1117/12.2559511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559511","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the development of a reconfigurable frequency multiplexed readout system for superconducting arrays. This system is an upgrade to the ROACH2 based readout system we have developed for a number of balloon-borne and ground-based instruments including BLAST-TNG, OLIMPO, MUSCAT, Superspec and TolTEC. Specifically our development has targeted the RFSoC ZCU111 evaluation board of which the size, weight, power, and instantaneous bandwidth have made it an attractive candidate for future balloon-borne or space-based astronomical instruments. Applications for the new readout system focus primarily on: frequency multiplexed superconducting nanowires single-photon detectors, Kinetic inductance detectors, Transition Edge Sensors, and Quantum Capacitance detectors. We will discuss the overlapping readout requirements that drive the general firmware architecture. Preliminary measurements with the new readout system using different detector technologies will also be presented.","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116548150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Williams, S. Withington, D. Goldie, Christopher N. Thomas, P. Ade, R. Sudiwala, I. Walker
The ability to measure both optical efficiency and dynamic response to changes in optical signal is crucial to the development of Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) for far-infrared astronomical instruments. We have devised and implemented a cryogenic test facility for ultra-low-noise far-infrared TESs, designed for the SAFARI grating spectrometer on the cooled-aperture space telescope SPICA. Whilst our experimental arrangement is suitable for the whole of the SAFARI wavelength range, 34-230 μm, we focus here on representative optical measurements at 60-110 μm. Detectors are illuminated with a few-mode beam having modal characteristics identical to those of an ideal imaging telescope. In addition, a fast thermal infrared source allows direct measurement of the TES response to tiny changes in incident optical power. We describe the measured functional forms of TES transient responses both to fast optical pulses and to modulation of the power dissipated in the bilayer, in the presence of background optical loading through to TES saturation.
{"title":"Optical and electrical transient response of ultra-low-noise far-infrared transition edge sensors for the SAFARI instrument on SPICA","authors":"E. Williams, S. Withington, D. Goldie, Christopher N. Thomas, P. Ade, R. Sudiwala, I. Walker","doi":"10.1117/12.2562375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562375","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to measure both optical efficiency and dynamic response to changes in optical signal is crucial to the development of Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) for far-infrared astronomical instruments. We have devised and implemented a cryogenic test facility for ultra-low-noise far-infrared TESs, designed for the SAFARI grating spectrometer on the cooled-aperture space telescope SPICA. Whilst our experimental arrangement is suitable for the whole of the SAFARI wavelength range, 34-230 μm, we focus here on representative optical measurements at 60-110 μm. Detectors are illuminated with a few-mode beam having modal characteristics identical to those of an ideal imaging telescope. In addition, a fast thermal infrared source allows direct measurement of the TES response to tiny changes in incident optical power. We describe the measured functional forms of TES transient responses both to fast optical pulses and to modulation of the power dissipated in the bilayer, in the presence of background optical loading through to TES saturation.","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125110711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gómez-Rivera, P. Ade, P. Barry, T. Brien, E. Castillo-Domínguez, D. Ferrusca, P. Hargrave, J. L. Hernández-Rebollar, A. Hornsby, D. Hughes, J. M. Jáuregui-García, P. Mauskopf, D. Murias, A. Papageorgiou, E. Pascale, A. Pérez, I. Rodríguez, S. Rowe, M. Tapia, C. Tucker, M. Velázquez, S. Ventura, S. Doyle
MUSCAT is a second-generation continuum camera for the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) "Alfonso Serrano", to observe at the 1.1 mm atmospheric window. The camera has 1500 background-limited, horn-coupled lumped- element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) split across six arrays operating at 130-mK. The detector design for MUSCAT is based on a large-volume, double-meander geometry used as the inductive and two-polarization absorbing section of the LEKID resonator. In this paper we present the optical coupling of the meander to a choked waveguide output, the microwave design of the LEKID architecture, the device fabrication process and results demonstrating the detector sensitivity under a range of optical loads. Also presented are the performance of an aluminum absorbing layer used to minimize the optical cross-talk between detectors.
{"title":"Design and characterization of the MUSCAT detectors","authors":"V. Gómez-Rivera, P. Ade, P. Barry, T. Brien, E. Castillo-Domínguez, D. Ferrusca, P. Hargrave, J. L. Hernández-Rebollar, A. Hornsby, D. Hughes, J. M. Jáuregui-García, P. Mauskopf, D. Murias, A. Papageorgiou, E. Pascale, A. Pérez, I. Rodríguez, S. Rowe, M. Tapia, C. Tucker, M. Velázquez, S. Ventura, S. Doyle","doi":"10.1117/12.2576334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576334","url":null,"abstract":"MUSCAT is a second-generation continuum camera for the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) \"Alfonso Serrano\", to observe at the 1.1 mm atmospheric window. The camera has 1500 background-limited, horn-coupled lumped- element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) split across six arrays operating at 130-mK. The detector design for MUSCAT is based on a large-volume, double-meander geometry used as the inductive and two-polarization absorbing section of the LEKID resonator. In this paper we present the optical coupling of the meander to a choked waveguide output, the microwave design of the LEKID architecture, the device fabrication process and results demonstrating the detector sensitivity under a range of optical loads. Also presented are the performance of an aluminum absorbing layer used to minimize the optical cross-talk between detectors.","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130355234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling technique for far-infrared partially-coherent grating spectrometers","authors":"B. Lap, W. Jellema, S. Withington, D. Naylor","doi":"10.1117/12.2576154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121364898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Janssen, Lunjun Liu, R. Nie, Jun Fu, I. Trumper, S. Hailey-Dunsheath, C. Bradford, J. Filippini
{"title":"Terahertz intensity mapper focal plane and array design","authors":"R. Janssen, Lunjun Liu, R. Nie, Jun Fu, I. Trumper, S. Hailey-Dunsheath, C. Bradford, J. Filippini","doi":"10.1117/12.2560705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132372842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kang, P. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Thakur, C. Bischoff, J. Bock, J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, E. Denison, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, M. Eiben, S. Fatigoni, J. Filippini, S. Fliescher, N. Goeckner-wald, D. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, P. Grimes, G. Hall, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, Shawn W. Henderson, S. Hildebrandt, S. Hildebrandt, G. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. Irwin, K. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, J. Kovac, C. Kuo, K. Lau, E. Leitch, K. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, T. Namikawa, H. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, S. Palladino, N. Precup, T. Prouvé, C. Pryke, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. Reintsema, Steffen Richter, A. Schillaci, B. Schmitt, R. Schwarz, C. Sheehy, A. Soliman, T. S. Germaine, B. Steinbach, R. Sudiwala, G. Teply, K. Thompson, J. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. Turner, C. Umilta, A. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. Weber, D. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. W
BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture on-axis refracting telescope at the South Pole, which observes the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz to search for the B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. In addition to this main target, we have developed a low-elevation observation strategy to extend coverage of the Southern sky at the South Pole, where BICEP3 can quickly achieve degree-scale E-mode measurements over a large area. An interesting E-mode measurement is probing a potential polarization anomaly around the CMB Cold Spot. During the austral summer seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20, BICEP3 observed the sky with a flat mirror to redirect the beams to various low elevation ranges. The preliminary data analysis shows degree-scale E-modes measured with high signal-to-noise ratio.
{"title":"Observing low elevation sky and the CMB Cold Spot with BICEP3 at the South Pole","authors":"J. Kang, P. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Thakur, C. Bischoff, J. Bock, J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, E. Denison, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, M. Eiben, S. Fatigoni, J. Filippini, S. Fliescher, N. Goeckner-wald, D. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, P. Grimes, G. Hall, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, Shawn W. Henderson, S. Hildebrandt, S. Hildebrandt, G. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. Irwin, K. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, J. Kovac, C. Kuo, K. Lau, E. Leitch, K. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, T. Namikawa, H. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, S. Palladino, N. Precup, T. Prouvé, C. Pryke, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. Reintsema, Steffen Richter, A. Schillaci, B. Schmitt, R. Schwarz, C. Sheehy, A. Soliman, T. S. Germaine, B. Steinbach, R. Sudiwala, G. Teply, K. Thompson, J. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. Turner, C. Umilta, A. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. Weber, D. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. W","doi":"10.1117/12.2562066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562066","url":null,"abstract":"BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture on-axis refracting telescope at the South Pole, which observes the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz to search for the B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. In addition to this main target, we have developed a low-elevation observation strategy to extend coverage of the Southern sky at the South Pole, where BICEP3 can quickly achieve degree-scale E-mode measurements over a large area. An interesting E-mode measurement is probing a potential polarization anomaly around the CMB Cold Spot. During the austral summer seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20, BICEP3 observed the sky with a flat mirror to redirect the beams to various low elevation ranges. The preliminary data analysis shows degree-scale E-modes measured with high signal-to-noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CMB-S4 is a planned ground-based experiment with scientific impacts reaching from transformative measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to a deep legacy millimeter-wavelength dataset covering a large fraction of the sky. To meet its ambitious goals, CMB-S4 plans to have small-aperture (0.55-meter) and large-aperture (6-meter) telescopes located both in the Atacama desert (to access a large fraction of are the sky) and at the South Pole (for targeted deep-field observations). A total of over 500,000 superconducting detectors will be distributed across these telescopes, enabling a necessary leap in sensitivity. In this talk, I will give an overview of CMB-S4. I will highlight some of its scientific opportunities as well as presenting the driving technical considerations and the current experimental design.
{"title":"The CMB-S4 experiment: Project overview and status","authors":"A. Bender","doi":"10.1117/12.2561547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561547","url":null,"abstract":"CMB-S4 is a planned ground-based experiment with scientific impacts reaching from transformative measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to a deep legacy millimeter-wavelength dataset covering a large fraction of the sky. To meet its ambitious goals, CMB-S4 plans to have small-aperture (0.55-meter) and large-aperture (6-meter) telescopes located both in the Atacama desert (to access a large fraction of are the sky) and at the South Pole (for targeted deep-field observations). A total of over 500,000 superconducting detectors will be distributed across these telescopes, enabling a necessary leap in sensitivity. In this talk, I will give an overview of CMB-S4. I will highlight some of its scientific opportunities as well as presenting the driving technical considerations and the current experimental design.","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123908579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Uzawa, T. Kojima, Y. Kozuki, Y. Fuji, A. Miyachi, T. Tamura, S. Ezaki, W. Shan
{"title":"An SIS-mixer-based amplifier for multi-pixel heterodyne receivers","authors":"Y. Uzawa, T. Kojima, Y. Kozuki, Y. Fuji, A. Miyachi, T. Tamura, S. Ezaki, W. Shan","doi":"10.1117/12.2563183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123050997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superconducting lumped element bandpass filter for multi-color submillimeter imaging","authors":"R. Duan, S. Golwala","doi":"10.1117/12.2576403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393026,"journal":{"name":"Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X","volume":"392 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123515433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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