四川大学学报(医学版)最新文献

Objective: Based on exercise load entropy measurement theory, this study aimed to investigate patterns of change in exercise load classification, perceptual difference awareness, and Weber fraction among university students across different exercise load levels, thereby providing theoretical support for personalized exercise load assessment.

Methods: From January to April 2025, 138 college students completed six incrementally increasing load tests on a cycle ergometer. Based on self-perceived load staging and perceptual discrimination, discrimination thresholds and Weber fractions were calculated for each load level. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: With increasing exercise load levels, differential perception showed an overall downward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.156). The Weber fraction decreased progressively with increasing load level, from 0.49 at load level 2 to 0.11 at load level 6 (P = 0.034). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that for each one-level increase in exercise load, the Weber fraction decreased by an average of 0.07 (95% CI: －0.12 to －0.02, P = 0.009). In addition, males had a lower Weber fraction than females (95% CI: －0.12 to －0.06, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Among college students, the perception of exercise load changes nonlinearly as the load level increases, and the Weber fraction decreases as the load intensifies.

Objective: To systematically identify potential pathological molecular and therapeutic targets for type 2 airway inflammatory diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR) and co-localization analysis.

Methods: This study analyzed 4,302 druggable plasma proteins as exposure factors and performed transcriptional MR analysis using their cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) as instrumental variables. Disease outcome datasets from the UK Biobank and Finnish Cohortwere used for discovery and replication validation, respectively. For proteins successfully validated, cis-protein quantitative trait loci (cis-pQTL) were further used for protein-level MR analysis. By combining co-localization analysis, reverse MR analysis, and mediation analysis, we investigated the association of these plasma proteins with allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma (AS), and nasal polyps (NP).

Results: cis-eQTL MR analysis of 2528 proteins identified 10 proteins associated with AR (TLR10, ERBB3, PNMT, etc.), 7 associated with AS (ERBB3, SLC40A1, PRKCQ, etc.), and 3 associated with NP (IL18RAP, AXL, ERBB3). cis-pQTL MR analysis showed that IL18RAP was associated with lower NP disease risk, while ERBB3 was associated with lower risks of AR, AS, and NP. Co-localization analysis supported the association between ERBB3 and AR (pp.H4 = 0.910). Mediation analysis revealed that the associations between ERBB3 and AR/AS were mediated by eosinophils, with mediation effects accounting for 12.51% and 17.64% of the observed associations, respectively.

Conclusion: This study identified unique and shared molecular targets for type 2 airway inflammatory diseases, with ERBB3 potentially serving as a shared protective factor and biomarker for AR, AS, and NP.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism by which bacteria communicate and coordinate group behaviors through the secretion of signaling molecules, playing a critical role in oral microbial interactions and the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This review summarizes recent advances in QS-mediated regulation of oral microbial interaction networks in periodontitis, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that modulate biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, and pathogen community dynamics. In addition, novel QS-targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed. Although periodontitis is fundamentally a chronic inflammatory disease driven by oral dysbiosis, the precise mechanisms by which microbes trigger and amplify inflammatory damage through the "community dynamics-host interaction-microenvironment" axis remain unclear. Therefore, exploring novel therapeutic strategies targeting the QS system offers potential targets and innovative approaches for the clinical treatment of periodontitis.

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, significantly affecting public oral health. Current preventive measures, such as oral hygiene practices, fluoride application, and pit and fissure sealants, have not substantially reduced the incidence of dental caries in China. Immunological research on caries prevention in China has a history of over forty years, with considerable achievements and experience, and shows promise for advancing biological caries prevention. This paper reviews immunological research on caries prevention in China from multiple perspectives, including active immunity, passive immunity, and the relationship between steady-state medicine and caries vaccines. It also discusses future development prospects, suggesting that novel adjuvants and carriers are essential for breakthroughs in caries vaccine research.

The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance requires the urgent development of new therapeutic strategies and agents. Bacteriophage therapy offers a promising alternative, utilizing phages' ability to specifically recognize and lyse bacterial cells. The ubiquity of bacteriophages subjects bacteria to constant evolutionary pressure, driving the emergence of diverse systems that defend against phage infection. The repertoire of phage defense genes includes a wide range of functions, such as nucleases, helicases, and ATPases. Host-phage interactions are complex and multifaceted. Bacterial defense mechanisms operate at various levels: initial innate defenses that inhibit phage adsorption, block nucleic acid injection, and interfere with virion assembly; early vesicle rupture targeting phage nucleic acids; systems that specifically target phage DNA and RNA; and abortive infection, which results in the degradation of bacterial nucleic acids, depletion of NAD⁺, and changes in cell membrane integrity. Notably, abortive infection prevents phage propagation, though at the cost of bacterial cell death. Although many defense systems have been predicted and identified through bioinformatics, the precise molecular mechanisms and detailed pathways of most systems remain poorly understood. Future research should focus on clarifying the exact molecular mechanisms, regulatory networks, distribution patterns, and roles in bacterial fitness for both newly discovered and established defense systems. Such insights are essential for developing innovative strategies to combat bacterial infections. This review examines the core mechanisms and application potential of bacterial antiphage defense. It systematically summarizes four key aspects of the bacterial antiphage defense system: early infection defense, phage nucleic acid-targeted defense, abortive infection defense, and transferable defense strategies. It also highlights current bottlenecks in the field, such as unclear defense mechanisms, insufficient clinical transformation technologies, and risks associated with the transferability of defense systems. Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, including in-depth mechanistic research, construction of defense profiles for pathogenic bacteria, and development of engineered phages and synergistic therapies, to provide references for optimizing phage therapy and innovating bacterial infection treatment, thereby offering new perspectives for treating bacterial infections.

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic infectious and inflammatory disease worldwide, which imposes harms extending far beyond the oral cavity. A large body of research has demonstrated that periodontitis is closely associated with various systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Serving as a crucial pathway connecting the oral cavity to the entire body, the oral-gut axis becomes the core mechanism through which periodontitis affects systemic health, primarily via the ectopic colonization of salivary microbiota, intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier disruption, and systemic inflammation. This review summarizes recent studies focusing on how periodontitis influences systemic comorbidities via the oral-gut axis, encompassing clinical studies, animal experimental and in vitro research. We summarize the research progress regarding how periodontitis perturbs intestinal homeostasis through ectopic colonization of oral pathogenic bacteria, immunoinflammation, host factor regulation, and metabolic disorders, and eventually affects systemic diseases via the oral-gut axis. This review aims to provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis-related systemic comorbidities.

In response to the demand for cultivating interdisciplinary medical talent under the "New Medical Science" initiative and to address challenges such as the marginalization of aesthetic education and its inadequate integration with specialized training in medical universities, this study aims to develop a systematic framework for implementing aesthetic education. Grounded in policy directives and theoretical analysis, this research proposes a tripartite aesthetic education model centered on "Life Aesthetics - Medical Humanities - Practical Innovation." This model is fundamentally guided by the spirit of Chinese aesthetic education, seeking to integrate the life aesthetics of "the beauty of vitality" with the medical ethical traditions of "benevolent heart and art" and "great virtue and sincerity," thereby enhancing its cultural identity and practical applicability. Through four practical pathways - curriculum restructuring, pedagogical innovation, cultural immersion, and institutional coordination - aesthetic education is integrated throughout the entire process of medical professional education. The goal is to foster the synergistic development of medical students' aesthetic cognition, humanistic sensibility, and innovative capabilities, ultimately providing a theoretical and practical framework for cultivating a new generation of medical professionals who are clinically competent, ethically grounded, culturally confident, and innovative.

Objective: To investigate the association between obesity and dyslipidemia among adult residents in three counties (cities) of Sichuan Province, and to reveal the potential non-linear dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and the risk of dyslipidemia, providing an empirical basis for developing precise weight management strategies.

Methods: This study was conducted in Dujiangyan City, Pujiang County, and Jiange County of Sichuan Province. A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select communities (townships), households, and participants within each county (city). The survey was conducted in 2023 and included 11561 permanent residents aged ≥18 years. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between different types of obesity and dyslipidemia. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was employed to explore the dose-response relationship between BMI, WC, and dyslipidemia, with the model's goodness of fit assessed by the AIC value.

Results: Among the study subjects, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 29.07%, overweight was 33.50%, obesity was 11.95%, and abdominal obesity was 29.79%. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors, both obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.42) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11-1.36) were positively associated with dyslipidemia compared to individuals with normal weight. After stratification by gender, the association between abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia was more significant in females (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18-1.57). The RCS model further revealed that the relationship between BMI and dyslipidemia followed a J-shaped curve, with an inflection point at a BMI of 24.87 kg/m². The relationship between WC and dyslipidemia showed an S-shaped curve, with an inflection point at a WC of 86 cm. This indicates that the strength of the association changes non-linearly as the values of these indicators increase.

Conclusion: Among adult residents of three counties (or cities) in Sichuan Province, obesity and abdominal obesity are independently associated with dyslipidemia, and the association exhibits non-linearity and female specificity. Weight management strategies should focus on individuals with general and abdominal obesity, particularly females with abdominal obesity. The risk inflection points for BMI and WC should be used as key indicators for early intervention.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition, imposes a major burden on societies with aging populations. Recent research indicates that oral cavity health is a critical factor influencing AD pathology, making proactive investigation of this modifiable risk factor essential. This review proposes that aging-related oral microecological dysbiosis and oral hypofunction may promote AD progression by inducing or exacerbating systemic inflammation and disrupting the homeostasis of the "oral-gut-brain" axis. Moreover, each factor may worsen damage through distinct biological pathways: oral microbiota dysbiosis allows direct invasion of the central nervous system by oral pathogens, promoting amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition and Tau hyperphosphorylation, while chronic sensory deprivation from oral dysfunction triggers neuronal degeneration and adverse remodeling in key cognitive brain regions. This review aims to systematically elucidate the roles of oral microbiota dysbiosis and oral hypofunction in AD pathogenesis in the context of aging, clarify their underlying biological mechanisms, and explore the potential value of integrating oral cavity health management into comprehensive AD prevention and treatment strategies.