Infertility is a global health issue, and more and more people are hoping to have babies by means of assisted reproductive technology. However, there are still many challenges in fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. Sperm quality is a key factor affecting the success rate of assisted reproduction. Therefore, sperm quality screening is crucial for achieving breakthroughs in assisted reproduction technology. At present, with its capabilities in the field of image recognition, artificial intelligence (AI) is providing new ideas and methods for sperm screening. Various attempts have been made with AI-based models to evaluate indicators such as sperm morphology, DNA quality, and motility level, and some results have been achieved. Herein, we reviewed the application of AI in sperm quality analysis and selection, providing support for the future development of AI and the improvement in the fertilization rate and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology.
Objective: To formulate a nutrition management protocol and processes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy.
Methods: A nutrition management protocol and the process for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy were formulated on the basis of literature review and the Delphi expert consensus method.
Results: Literature analysis and two rounds of Delphi expert consultations via correspondence were conducted. The final protocol subsequently derived included 7 first-level items and 36 second-level items. The first-level items included the establishment of a nutrition management team, nutritional risk screening and nutritional status assessment, health education, the timing and method of nutritional treatment, energy and nutrient supply, nutritional monitoring, and follow-up after discharge. After summarizing the best evidence for the nutritional management protocol and classifying the evidence by different grades, the construction process of the nutrition management team and the nutrition management processes for the pre-cancer treatment period, the tumor treatment period, and the post-discharge follow-up period were formulated.
Conclusion: The nutritional management protocol and the relevant processes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy formulated in this study demonstrate a certain level of scientific validity and reliability and can be further tested and applied in clinical practice.
Objective: To investigate the effect of wearing dual-focus soft contact lenses (DFSCL) on the visual performance of school-age children.
Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 64 children aged 8 to 12 years with spherical equivalent refraction between -0.75 D and -4.00 D were recruited in our hospital in October 2022. Using the envelope method, the subjects were evenly and randomly assigned to the control group wearing single vision spectacles (SVS) or the intervention group wearing MiSight dual-focus soft contact lenses (DFSCL) from CooperVision. Follow-up examinations were conducted once every 3 months. The corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function (CSF), and the scores for National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument-42 (NEI-RQL-42) were compared between the control and intervention groups.
Results: By December 2023, a total of 58 subjects completed follow-up (30 in the SVS group and 28 in the DFSCL group). No significant difference in corrected visual acuity was observed between subjects wearing DFSCL and those wearing SVS. The CSF of the DFSCL group was comparable to that of the SVS group across the spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd (P>0.05). According to the results of the NEI-RQL-42 survey at the 6-month follow-up, the score for ocular discomfort symptoms was 89±14 in the SVS group and 79±16 in the DFSCL group (P=0.008), reflecting that the DFSCL group had a 12.66% higher level of discomfort. For appearance, the score was 70±32 in the SVS group and 92±22 in the DFSCL group (P=0.002), showing a 31.43% improvement in the DFSCL group.
Conclusion: In addition to providing the normal visual acuity and CSF, wearing MiSight DFSCL also leads to better satisfaction with the appearance.
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of miR-328-3p on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced coronary artery endothelial cell injury and the potentially relevant mechanisms.
Methods: Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were induced with ox-LDL, and the cells were divided into a control group consisting of normal cells, an ox-LDL group receiving ox-LDL treatment, an ox-LDL+miR-NC group transfected with miR-NC and treated with ox-LDL, an ox-LDL+miR-328-3p group transfected with miR-328-3p and treated with ox-LDL, and ox-LDL+miR-328-3p+pcDNA group co-transfected miR-328-3p and pcDNA and treated with ox-LDL, and an ox-LDL+miR-328-3p+insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) group co-transfected miR-328-3p and IGF2 and treated with ox-LDL. The expression level of miR-328-3p was determined with RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Western blot was conducted to examine the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-3 and IGF2. ELISA was performed to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Dual luciferase reporter experiment was performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-328-3p and IGF2.
Results: Compared with those of the control group, miR-328-3p expression level and cell activity were significantly reduced in the ox-LDL group (P<0.05), while the apoptotic rate, the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-3, IGF2, Bax, and Bcl-2, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with those of the ox-LDL+miR-NC group, miR-328-3p expression level and cell activity significantly increased in the ox-LDL+miR-328-3p group (P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate, the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-3 and IGF2, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly reduced. IGF2 was a functional target of miR-328-3p. Compared with those of the ox-LDL+miR-328-3p+pcDNA co-transfection group, the IGF2 protein level was significantly increased (P<0.05) and cell activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the ox-LDL+miR-328-3p+IGF2 co-transfection group, while the apoptosis rate, cleaved cas-3 protein level, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly elevated (P<0.05).
Conclusion: miR-328-3p inhibits ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and inflammatory in coronary artery endothelial cell injury through targeted negative regulation of IGF2.
The museums of stomatology provide important support for integrated education, bearing the responsibility and mission of cultural education. Serving as a vehicle of education, stomatology museums are an integral part of theoretical and ethical education. This article introduces the current development status of stomatology museums in China. Herein, we presented an overview of the development strategies for the construction of stomatology museums in China from the perspectives of becoming incorporated in the national museum management system, establishing an evaluation system for cultural artifacts of stomatology, conducting a national survey of movable cultural relics, and conducting historical research on cultural relics in museums. A development strategy for utilizing stomatology museums in China as a vehicle for education has been proposed from the perspectives of promoting the improvement of museum curation skills, establishing interactive activities in museums, promoting research and study tours in stomatology museums, establishing itinerant exhibitions, developing cultural and creative products for museums, and promoting digital construction of museums. This article will help explore new growth points for the development of stomatology museums in the new era.
Objective: This study is focused on ultrasound multimodality examination, which refers to the combined use of three ultrasound examination modalities, ultrasound (US), acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The purpose of this study is to analyze the value of applying ultrasound multimodality examination in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast non-mass-like lesions (NMLs).
Methods: Cases of breast NMLs were analyzed retrospectively, and the nature of all the lesions was verified by pathological examination. Based on the gray-scale ultrasound image characteristics, the cases were classified into types Ⅰ to Ⅴ, and type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were further classified into 4 subtypes, Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱa, and Ⅱb, according to whether there was also calcification, and the proportion of malignant cases in each subtype was statistically analyzed. Logistic regression models of US, US+ARFI, US+CEUS, and US+ARFI+CEUS for the diagnosis of malignant cases were established, ROC curves were drawn, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, and comparisons were made accordingly. The detection rate of malignant NMLs without calcification (atypical malignant NMLs) by the combination examination of US, ARFI, and CEUS was analyzed.
Results: A total of 407 cases were included in the study. All subjects were female, aged 22 to 81 years, with the average age being (47.0±11.0) years. There were 220 benign cases and 187 malignant cases. Ranked from the highest to the lowest, the malignancy proportion of the different types was Ⅰb>Ⅱb>Ⅲ>Ⅴ>Ⅰa>Ⅱa>Ⅳ. The malignant proportion of the low echo area with calcification was significantly higher than that of the lesions without calcification. The AUC (95% confidence interval [CI]) for diagnosing malignant cases with the logistic regression models of US, US+ARFI, US+CEUS, and US+ARFI+CEUS were 0.895 (0.862-0.927), 0.908 (0.878-0.937), 0.921 (0.893-0.948), and 0.927 (0.902-0.952), respectively. Comparison of the AUC of the 4 regression models showed significant differences (P<0.001). The detection rate of US for NMLs without calcification was 80.7%. When US was used in combination with ARFI and CEUS, 86.4% of the malignant NMLs lesions without calcification could be detected if the lesion CEUS score was 4 or 5 points or if shear-wave velocity (SWV)≥4.28 m/s.
Conclusion: Breast NMLs with calcification show high risks of malignancy, and a pathological examination is always recommended for a conclusive diagnosis. Ultrasound multimodality examination can improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast NML without calcification.
Objective: To investigate the correlation of vertebral bone quality (VBQ) and paraspinal muscle changes with adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) through a retrospective analysis of patients who have undergone TLIF for lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD).
Methods: A total of 98 patients who underwent TLIF surgical treatment for LDD between January 2016 and December 2022 at Shenzhen People's Hospital were selected. Well-established follow-up imaging data were available for all subjects who were divided into two groups, the ASD group (n=43) and the non-ASD (N-ASD) group (n=55), according to whether they met the ASD evaluation criteria. Data on the basic characteristics of the patients in both groups were collected, and the relevant parameters, including VBQ and the total cross-sectional area (TCSA) and the functional cross-sectional area (FCSA) of psoas major (PM), erector spinae (ES), and multifidus (MF), were measured by magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine performed preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Then, the relative fat infiltration (RFI) was calculated from the above metrics accordingly. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the risk factors for ASD.
Results: The incidence of ASD was 43.9% (n=43) at the final follow-up. The mean follow-up time was (27.23±4.15) months. The age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative bone mineral density (BMD), preoperative VBQ, ΔRFIPM, and ΔRFIES+MF showed significant differences between the ASD and N-ASD groups (P<0.05). According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, BMI (odds ratio [OR]=1.450, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.081-1.945, P=0.013), preoperative VBQ (OR=6.191, 95% CI: 1.692-22.657, P=0.006), and ΔRFIES+MF (OR=1.117, 95% CI: 1.007-1.238, P=0.037) were independent risk factors for ASD.
Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative ASD in patients who have undergone TLIF for LDD was found to be associated with higher BMI, preoperative VBQ, and increased postoperative relative fat infiltration of the ES and MF muscles. Consequently, it is advisable to prioritize the intraoperative protection of the paraspinal muscles during TLIF. In the postoperative period, it is essential to strengthen exercises of the lower back muscles and to optimize bone mass and weight management, which is conducive to reducing the risk of ASD in the postoperative period.
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