四川大学学报(医学版)最新文献

Objective: To establish a rapid testing method for genogroup Ⅱ (GⅡ) norovirus based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP).

Methods: The conserved region of norovirus was screened using the genomic data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and specific primers were designed using the online software Primer Explorer V5. The testing system was established through optimization of experimental conditions, including reaction temperature, MgSO₄ concentration, dNTP concentration, etc. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were evaluated. The optimized testing method was used to analyze clinical stool samples, and the results were compared with those of a commercially available kit.

Results: The established testing method exhibited high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with adenovirus, human enterovirus, or rotavirus. The testing method also exhibited high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 51 copies/μL. The turnaround time was 45 min. For 34 stool samples from patients infected with norovirus, the testing results were highly consistent with those of the commercial kit, with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 83.33%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00), indicating the high accuracy and reliability of the testing method.

Conclusion: In this study, we successfully developed an RT-LAMP-based testing method for GⅡ norovirus, which exhibits excellent sensitivity, specificity, and practical performance in clinical sample testing, making it suitable for use in primary care laboratories and for rapid testing in field settings.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of immune cells (ICs)- and senescence-related biomarkers in atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: In this study, immune cell-related genes (ICRGs) were obtained using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on the GSE2240 dataset. Subsequently, the intersection of ICRGs, senescence-related genes (SRGs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) derived from differential expression analysis between AF and sinus rhythm (SR) groups was obtained to screen candidate genes. Biomarkers were further identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and validated in the GSE115571 dataset. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), GeneMANIA network construction, molecular regulatory network construction, and molecular docking were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the biomarkers in AF. A total of 8 male Sprague-Dawley rats of 87 weeks old and weighing 632-656 g were randomly assigned to the AF group and the sinus rhythm (SR) group (n = 4 per group). An AF rat model was established. The mRNA expression levels of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in rat myocardial tissue were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results: Two biomarkers, MYLK and IGFBP2, were identified. GSEA revealed that MYLK was significantly enriched in the olfactory transduction pathway, whereas IGFBP2 was significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway. The GeneMANIA network demonstrated functional similarity between these biomarkers and 20 other genes. In addition, MYLK was regulated by 28 transcription factors (TFs) and 41 microRNAs (miRNAs), whereas IGFBP2 was regulated by 63 TFs and 4 miRNAs, including TAF1 and MIRT020526. Drug prediction analysis indicated that only MYLK had potential interactions with 3 drugs, among which Tozasertib exhibited the strongest binding affinity to MYLK, with a binding energy of －7.8 kcal/mol. RT-qPCR results showed that IGFBP2 mRNA expression was upregulated and MYLK mRNA expression was downregulated in myocardial tissue of rats in the AF group compared with the SR group (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, MYLK and IGFBP2 are identified as AF-related biomarkers, and their potential molecular mechanisms are elucidated, providing new theoretical insights into AF research.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the most important population of immune cells in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance in the body. Targeting Tregs to rebuild peripheral immune tolerance has shown broad potential for application in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, allergic disorders, graft-versus-host disease, and organ transplant rejection. However, substantial challenges remain in translating Treg-based therapies into clinical practice. In this review, we first summarize the discovery of Tregs and the principal mechanisms through which Tregs inhibit immune responses. Then, the research progress in polyclonal Treg-based therapy, antigen-specific Treg-based therapy, and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy and the implementation status of clinical trials of Treg therapies were comprehensively summarized. Finally, four issues, including maintaining the stability of Tregs, preparing autoantigen-specific Tregs, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-Tregs and T-cell receptor (TCR)-Tregs, reshaping the inflammatory microenvironment of diseases, and minimizing the potential adverse effects of Treg therapies, were highlighted as the bottleneck problems in the clinical translation of Treg therapies and priority directions for future research.

Myopia is a global public health challenge. It is projected that the myopia rate in China will reach 80% by 2050, which will cause visual impairment, psychological problems, and economic burdens. The effective prevention and control of myopia are critical for improving the health of children and adolescents and reducing socioeconomic burdens. The existing myopia prevention and control strategies include individual interventions and school-based group interventions, which have shown remarkable results. However, limitations such as insufficient compliance, high technical costs, and regional differences have limited their effects. The policy-advocated five-in-one prevention and control system (consisting of the government, schools, families, health care, and society) faces challenges in effectively integrating multi-field strategies due to poor interdepartmental coordination, uneven resource distribution, and the lack of assessment mechanisms. Through a systematic literature review, this paper examines research on myopia prevention and control across multiple fields such as medicine, education, technology, and policy. Based on the micro, meso, and macro perspectives of the Social Ecological Systems Theory (SET), the advantages and limitations of strategies are analyzed, and optimization pathways are explored.

Objective: To establish and validate a risk prediction model for mechanical ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in older patients with lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 548 older patients with lung cancer were enrolled between January 2022 and May 2025. Subsequently, the patients were divided into a training set (n = 384) and a validation set (n = 164) at a ratio of 7∶3. According to whether the patients developed VAP, the training set was further divided into a non-VAP subgroup (n = 231) and a VAP subgroup (n = 153), and the validation set was divided into a non-VAP subgroup (n = 99) and a VAP subgroup (n = 65). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was conducted to identify the predictors of VAP in older patients with lung cancer, and a nomogram model was established accordingly. The model was validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the calibration curve.

Results: A total of 153 participants (39.84%) in the training set and 65 participants (39.63%) in the validation set developed VAP. Univariate analysis revealed that such factors as age, lung cancer stage, mechanical ventilation duration, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score, procalcitonin (PCT), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), retinol-binding protein (RBP), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (STREM-1), and human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40) were associated with VAP in older lung cancer patients (P < 0.05), and there was no multicollinearity. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.014-1.377), mechanical ventilation duration (OR = 3.929, 95% CI: 1.374-11.233), APACHE Ⅱ (OR = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.296-2.416), PTX3 (OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.007-1.030), RBP (OR = 1.150, 95% CI: 1.083-1.260), STREM-1 (OR = 1.168, 95% CI: 1.083-1.260) were predictors of VAP in older lung cancer patients (P < 0.05). A nomogram model was constructed with the following equation: Prob = 1/(1 + e^－Y), Y = －43.147 + 0.167 × age + 1.368× mechanical ventilation duration + 0.571 × APACHE Ⅱ score + 0.019 × PTX3 + 0.140 × RBP + 0.155 × STREM-1. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC in the training set was 0.909 (95% CI: 0.878-0.940), and the AUC of the validation set was 0.843 (95% CI: 0.776-0.910). The average absolute error tested by the Bootstrap method was 0.03, indicating that the model showed a certain level of consistency during both the training and validation processes.

Conclusion: Age, mechanical ventilation duration, APACHE Ⅱ score, and serum levels of PTX3, RBP, and STREM-1 are all predictors for the occurrence of VAP in older lung cancer patients. The nomogram model constructed based on these factors demonstrates acceptable predictive performance.

Test Methods for Disinfection Products (WS/T 10009-2023), a health industry standard, was officially released by the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration on December 15, 2023. The standard came into effect on May 1, 2024. This standard systematically specifies the testing and evaluation methods for disinfection products, covering three core components-disinfection effect testing and evaluation, physical and chemical testing techniques, and toxicological testing methods. The standard provides an important technical basis for the testing of disinfection products in China. To promote an accurate understanding and effective implementation of the standard, this article focuses on the in-depth interpretation of the section concerning the testing and evaluation methods of disinfection effects. It provides a detailed explanation of the major updates, technical highlights, and scientific rationale behind the standard. The article incorporates discussions on optimizing the validation test methods for the disinfection and sterilization effects of disinfectants, simulated field testing of disinfectants, evaluation of air disinfection effects, and the supplementation and improvement of testing methods for disinfection devices (including sterilization devices). This article aims to provide clear technical guidance for disinfection product inspection personnel, researchers, and other professionals involved, promote the standardized application of the standard, improve the quality of disinfection products, and ensure scientific, effective, and safe disinfection practices.

As global health challenges become increasingly complex and multidimensional, microbiome research and the One Health approach-along with their integration-actively promote the development of the field of public health laboratory sciences. The microbiome is an essential component of the human body, animals, and the environment. Microbiome research not only elucidates the interaction mechanisms between microorganisms and their hosts but also provides an irreplaceable material basis for the well-being of humans, animals, and the environment, offering new perspectives for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. Additionally, the One Health approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, establishing a theoretical foundation for interdisciplinary collaboration and global health management. The integration of the microbiome and the One Health approach establishes the notion of "the balance of dynamic factors" as a scientific principle underpinning One Health. This integration holds far-reaching implications for expanding new fields and developing new technologies in public health laboratory sciences, as well as informing public health practices.

Objective: To develop a novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) method based on a functionalized nanofiber membrane for the efficient co-extraction of structurally diverse antibiotics with markedly different physicochemical properties from source water, and to establish a high-throughput analysis method by coupling this technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Methods: A polydopamine and zirconium (Ⅳ) fumarate metal-organic frameworks (MOF-801) co-modified polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane (PDA@PAN/MOF-801 NFMs) was prepared as the SPE adsorbent through hybrid electrospinning and dopamine self-polymerization. Critical SPE and UPLC-MS/MS parameters were optimized, and the method was applied to analyze antibiotic contamination in source water samples from 14 sources of centralized drinking water supply in Suzhou, China, to evaluate the practical application potential of the method.

Results: The PDA@PAN/MOF-801 NFMs adsorbent demonstrated efficient adsorption of 32 antibiotics from 6 classes through multiple retention mechanisms, including synergistic electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. In combination with UPLC-MS/MS, the SPE method we developed enabled high-throughput detection of multiple antibiotics in source water, with limits of detection (LOD) being 0.001-0.05 ng/L and limits of quantitation (LOQ) being 0.005-500 ng/L. Spiked recoveries were 70.14%-111.50%. Intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 14.12% and the inter-day RSD was below 15.07%. The method demonstrated excellent sensitivity, accuracy, and precision.

Conclusion: In this study, we successfully developed an efficient analytical method based on a novel nanofiber membrane adsorbent. This approach provides a new technical reference for the high-throughput detection of multiple antibiotics in environmental waters and shows promising potential for practical applications.