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Aspiring Inside a Girls Madrasa: Gender, Negotiation and Change 在一所女子宗教学校里有抱负:性别、谈判和改变
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231196731
Hem Borker
This article draws on my ethnography of girls’ madrasas in India. It is woven around the ethnographic portrait of Zainab, 1 a rather reluctant madrasa student studying in a residential girls’ madrasa in Delhi who aspires to be a doctor. The article employs ethnographic portraiture to ‘focus in’ on Zainab’s educational journey and life in the madrasa, while also drawing attention to the larger canvas of intersecting forms of marginalisation, gender negotiations, and claim-making by Muslim women. It highlights how Muslim marginalisation intersects with gender disadvantage shaping everyday decisions about education, mobility and career choices. It argues that women’s negotiations and agency are nested in a larger context of marginalisation; while also co-constituting it. It examines Zainab’s life trajectory and aspirations to illustrate how education is a contradictory resource. At one level there is a synchrony between parents and madrasas on ideals of Islamic womanhood, but at another level, the piety project implemented by the madrasa does not represent the everyday experiences of madrasa students. The article argues that young women like Zainab, in attempting to balance madrasa prescriptions and their own aspirations, refashion gender norms through its inhabitation.
这篇文章借鉴了我对印度女子宗教学校的民族志。它围绕着Zainab的民族志肖像编织而成,Zainab是一个相当不情愿的伊斯兰学校学生,在德里的一所寄宿女子伊斯兰学校学习,渴望成为一名医生。这篇文章采用民族志肖像来“关注”Zainab的教育历程和在伊斯兰学校的生活,同时也引起了人们对边缘化、性别谈判和穆斯林妇女提出要求等更大形式的关注。它突出了穆斯林边缘化与性别劣势如何交织在一起,影响着有关教育、流动性和职业选择的日常决策。它认为,妇女的谈判和代理是嵌套在一个更大的边缘化背景;同时也组成了它。它考察了Zainab的生活轨迹和愿望,以说明教育是一种矛盾的资源。在一个层面上,父母和伊斯兰学校在伊斯兰女性理想方面是一致的,但在另一个层面上,伊斯兰学校实施的虔诚项目并不代表伊斯兰学校学生的日常经历。文章认为,像Zainab这样的年轻女性,试图平衡伊斯兰学校的规定和她们自己的愿望,通过居住来重塑性别规范。
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引用次数: 0
Educational Endeavours and Unheeded Tales: Mapping Trajectories of Dalit Women in a University 教育努力和不被注意的故事:绘制达利特妇女在大学的轨迹
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231196718
Anusha Renukuntla, Nagaraju Gundemeda
This article analyses the nature of the relationship between scientific research, gender, and caste questions. It aims to present the lived experiences of Dalit women scholars in science from a sociological perspective. Masculinist, self-fashioned gendered ideologies have dominated the scientific practice of natural sciences in general. The participation of Indian women in scientific research is a very recent phenomenon. Women students from marginalised communities are almost invisible in so-called egalitarian educational institutions. They are deprived of academic resources and opportunities and are subjected to constructive discrimination based on their intersectional identity. This study attempts to unfold the lived experiences of Dalit women scholars, particularly in the scientific laboratories, through a feminist perspective. The study is based on Dalit women scholars from a central university in South India. In-depth interviews have been employed as tool of data collection and observed through the lens of feminist perspective. The study found that women scholars from marginalised sections were meagrely represented in science research. The unique experiences of Dalit women scholars have been made visible, which entail discriminatory attitudes and exclusionary practices leading to a struggling academic journey. Interestingly, women scholars have their agency in dealing with the challenges encountered.
本文分析了科学研究、性别和种姓问题之间关系的本质。它旨在从社会学的角度呈现达利特女性学者在科学领域的生活经历。一般来说,男性主义、自我塑造的性别意识形态主导了自然科学的科学实践。印度妇女参与科学研究是最近才出现的现象。在所谓的平等主义教育机构中,来自边缘社区的女学生几乎是隐形的。他们被剥夺了学术资源和机会,并受到基于其交叉身份的建设性歧视。本研究试图通过女权主义的视角,展现达利特女性学者的生活经历,特别是在科学实验室中。这项研究基于印度南部一所中央大学的达利特女性学者。采用深度访谈作为数据收集工具,并通过女性主义视角进行观察。该研究发现,来自边缘领域的女性学者在科学研究中几乎没有代表。达利特女性学者的独特经历被揭示出来,这些经历包括歧视性态度和排他性做法,导致她们的学术之旅举步维艰。有趣的是,女性学者在处理遇到的挑战方面有自己的代理机构。
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引用次数: 0
The Feminist De-brahmanising Pedagogy of Writing 女权主义的去婆罗门化写作教学法
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231196762
Anannya Dasgupta
Pedagogic practices are central to how feminists from the West and the subcontinent have envisaged the liberatory transformation of society. Feminist methods of teaching-learning emphasise making educational material accessible, the creation of communities of learners historically excluded from education, the re- education for educators and making learners independent and equipped to continue the process of learning. In the Indian context, feminist pedagogy is key to challenging and replacing the default patriarchal and Brahminic setting of academia that perpetuates exclusion even when it grants admission. Writing pedagogy, following feminist methods, is building step-by-step access to teaching-learning that makes academic reading and writing doable. In that, it is de-brahmanising academic writing from appearing to be mystically transmitted only to those born into the socio-cultural capital to receive it. Drawing from reports by observers and participants, this article demonstrates how a conscious pedagogy of writing reworks access to academic reading, writing and thinking to directly address issues of intersectional marginalisations of gender.
教育实践是西方和印度次大陆的女权主义者如何设想社会的解放转型的核心。女权主义的教-学方法强调使教育材料易于获取,创造历史上被排除在教育之外的学习者社区,对教育者进行再教育,使学习者独立并具备继续学习的能力。在印度的背景下,女权主义教学法是挑战和取代学术界默认的父权和婆罗门设置的关键,这种设置即使在录取时也会使排斥持续下去。遵循女权主义方法的写作教学法正在逐步建立通往教学的途径,使学术阅读和写作成为可能。在这一点上,它正在消除学术写作的婆罗门化,使其看起来只神秘地传递给那些出生在社会文化资本的人。根据观察员和参与者的报告,本文展示了有意识的写作教学法如何改写学术阅读、写作和思考的途径,从而直接解决性别交叉边缘化问题。
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引用次数: 0
Hijab Controversy: Revisiting Discourse on School Uniforms 头巾争议:重新审视关于校服的论述
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231196730
Ranu Jain
While analysing the hijab controversy, the paper attempts to discuss the significance of ‘uniforms’ in an educational institution. Employing sociological perspectives, it looks at the institution of education as a social institution and locates the sociocultural context of educational policies including the policy on uniforms. Attempt is to understand how political ideologies associated with nation- building promoted by the state, shape these policies. The paper looks at how and when changes in the policies are accommodated and where are these resisted. Exploring the trajectory of state, community and patriarchy, the paper attempts to comprehend what caused the hijab dispute and looks at some of the implications of the same on society, especially Muslim women. Theoretical framework of the paper is drawn on the critical understanding of uniforms as developed in sociology though the paper also draws from the Parsonian functional school of thought. The paper aims to show how the state uses the institution of education with support from other institutions of society, to promote its hegemonic agenda and how uniforms support this process. Secondary sources have been utilised for the data collection.
在分析头巾争议的同时,本文试图讨论“制服”在教育机构中的意义。它采用社会学的观点,将教育机构视为一种社会机构,并定位包括制服政策在内的教育政策的社会文化背景。试图理解由国家推动的与国家建设相关的政治意识形态如何塑造这些政策。本文着眼于如何以及何时适应政策的变化,以及这些变化在哪里受到抵制。本文探讨了国家、社区和父权制的发展轨迹,试图理解导致头巾争议的原因,并探讨了头巾争议对社会,尤其是穆斯林妇女的一些影响。这篇论文的理论框架是建立在对制服的批判性理解上的,这是在社会学中发展起来的,尽管这篇论文也借鉴了帕森功能学派的思想。本文旨在展示国家如何在其他社会机构的支持下利用教育机构来促进其霸权议程,以及制服如何支持这一进程。数据收集使用了二手来源。
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引用次数: 0
Hundred Years of Sociology in India: Mapping the Trajectory 印度社会学百年:轨迹映射
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231172093
A. Chauhan
Hundred years is not a very long time in the journey of any discipline. Yet, sociology in India seems to have covered a considerable distance in a comparatively short time as the country witnessed unprecedented incidents in the 19th and 20th centuries of colonial rule, the rise of nationalism leading to India’s independence and subsequent efforts at development and nation-building. The works of the British administrators, orientalists, missionaries, and Western scholars earlier, and of the Indian pioneers and other sociologists soon after provided fertile ground for the establishment of sociology in India. The first department of sociology and civics was started in 1919 at Bombay University and since then there has been no looking back as the subject has been established well in the country, academically, and professionally. Besides the role of educational institutions and government bodies, the Indian Sociological Society (ISS) set up in 1951 provided a platform for scholars from across the country and outside to discuss, debate, share and write about contemporary issues. As the context of Indian society changed, the subject matter, methods, theoretical perspectives and debates around the discipline also went through a transformation. This article is an attempt at mapping the trajectory of 100 years of sociology in India and discerning its status as an academic discipline, as well as its relevance for policy-making, and for society at large.
在任何学科的发展历程中,一百年都不是很长的时间。然而,印度的社会学似乎在相对较短的时间内走了相当长的路,因为该国在19世纪和20世纪的殖民统治中发生了前所未有的事件,民族主义的兴起导致了印度的独立,以及随后的发展和国家建设努力。早期英国行政人员、东方学家、传教士和西方学者的作品,以及不久后印度拓荒者和其他社会学家的作品,为印度社会学的建立提供了肥沃的土壤。第一个社会学和公民学系于1919年在孟买大学成立,从那时起,该学科在国内、学术和专业上都建立得很好,从此再也没有回头路了。除了教育机构和政府机构的作用外,1951年成立的印度社会学学会(ISS)为来自全国各地和国外的学者提供了一个讨论、辩论、分享和撰写当代问题的平台。随着印度社会语境的变化,围绕该学科的主题、方法、理论视角和争论也发生了转变。这篇文章试图描绘印度社会学100年的发展轨迹,并了解其作为一门学术学科的地位,以及它对政策制定和整个社会的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the Pluralities of Agrarian Change in India: The Role of Intermediaries and Caste–Tribe Relations in Jharkhand 绘制印度土地变化的多样性:贾坎德邦中介人的角色和种姓-部落关系
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231172110
Avinash, D. Parthasarathy
The agricultural economy of Jharkhand is primarily understood to be ‘subsistence’ agriculture. However, an ongoing agrarian change in rural Jharkhand has drawn less academic attention. This substantial change is from indigenous seeds to high-yielding varieties of paddy seeds enabling food sufficiency in the villages to a larger extent. In addition, the introduction of commercial crops like vegetables, watermelons and marigolds is another attendant change. This article is concerned with ethnographic fieldwork in two neighbouring villages of district—Khunti of Jharkhand, where farmers have been influenced by intermediaries (both old and new) restricted to State, NGOs and private companies (agricultural input suppliers). Also, the introduction of various governmental schemes, such as the ‘Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI)’ programme, a part of ‘National Food Security Mission’ and ‘Special-Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana’, has encouraged agrarian change in rural Jharkhand. Despite Jharkhand being a low agricultural productivity region, there is a proliferated presence of transnational connections such as agribusiness companies and research institutions linked to State institutions and NGOs to form a new set of agricultural intermediaries. These agricultural intermediaries at the regional level in the Khunti district influence the crop choice, cropping pattern and usage of inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides). The study also tries to understand agrarian (labour) relations among caste–tribe communities of rural Jharkhand.
贾坎德邦的农业经济主要被理解为“自给自足”的农业。然而,贾坎德邦农村正在进行的土地变化却没有引起学术界的关注。这一重大变化是从本地种子到高产水稻种子品种,使村庄在更大程度上实现粮食充足。此外,蔬菜、西瓜和金盏花等经济作物的引进是另一个随之而来的变化。本文涉及贾坎德邦昆蒂区两个相邻村庄的民族志田野调查,那里的农民受到限于国家、非政府组织和私营公司(农业投入供应商)的中介机构(新旧)的影响。此外,各种政府计划的引入,如“将绿色革命带到印度东部(BGREI)”计划,这是“国家粮食安全使命”和“特别swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana”的一部分,鼓励了贾坎德邦农村的农业变革。尽管贾坎德邦是一个农业生产力较低的地区,但跨国联系的存在越来越多,如农业综合企业和与国家机构和非政府组织有联系的研究机构,形成了一套新的农业中介机构。Khunti地区区域一级的这些农业中介影响作物选择、种植模式和投入物(种子、化肥和杀虫剂)的使用。该研究还试图了解贾坎德邦农村种姓部落社区之间的农业(劳动)关系。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: T. K. Oommen, From Bharat to India: An Academic’s Journey 书评:吴门,《从巴拉特到印度:学术之旅》
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231172149
N. Pattanaik
T. K. Oommen, From Bharat to India: An Academic’s Journey (South Asia Press, 2022), 145 pp., ₹695 (Paperback), ISBN: 9788195020478.
T. K. Oommen,从巴拉特到印度:一个学者的旅程(南亚出版社,2022),145页,₹695(平装),ISBN: 9788195020478。
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引用次数: 0
W. E. B. Du Bois’ Indian Romance 杜波依斯的印度罗曼史
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231172095
M. Burawoy
Former colonial powers are living through a moment of self-discovery. They are examining the enormous benefits they reaped from colonialism as well as the heavy costs they inflicted on the colonised. Academic disciplines have set about questioning their own foundations, some more successfully than others. Sociology, in particular, is experiencing its decolonial moment. In the United States at the centre of debate is W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)—a brilliant sociologist, historian, novelist, dramatist, socialist, civil rights and peace activist and Pan-Africanist. Despite being the leading African American public intellectual of the 20th century, he was largely ignored by academic sociology. An ardent advocate of national self-determination and an enthusiastic admirer of Nehru and Gandhi, he was the author of a surreal novel Dark Princess (2007 [1928]) that placed India at the centre of world revolution. In this talk, I try to disentangle the global significance of canonising Du Bois for the decolonisation of sociology.
前殖民大国正在经历一个自我发现的时刻。他们正在审视他们从殖民主义中获得的巨大利益,以及他们给被殖民者带来的沉重代价。学术学科已经开始质疑自己的基础,有些学科比其他学科更成功。尤其是社会学,正经历着非殖民化的时刻。在美国,处于辩论中心的是W·E·B·杜波依斯(1868-1963),他是一位杰出的社会学家、历史学家、小说家、剧作家、社会主义者、民权与和平活动家和泛非主义者。尽管他是20世纪领先的非裔美国公共知识分子,但在很大程度上被学术社会学所忽视。他是民族自决的热心倡导者,也是尼赫鲁和甘地的狂热崇拜者,著有超现实小说《黑暗公主》(2007[1928]),将印度置于世界革命的中心。在这次演讲中,我试图理清对杜波依斯的推崇对社会学非殖民化的全球意义。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: N. B. Lekha & A. Palackal, Unveiling the Gender Paradox: Dynamics of Power, Sexuality and Property 书评:N. B. Lekha和A. Palackal,《揭开性别悖论:权力、性和财产的动态》
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231172155
Lekshmi V. Nair
N. B. Lekha & A. Palackal, Unveiling the Gender Paradox: Dynamics of Power, Sexuality and Property (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), xiii + 160 pp., ₹12,478 (Hardback). ISBN 978-3-031-09699-3 (Hardcover), 978-3- 031-09701-0 (Softcover), 978-3-031-09699-0 (e-book).
N.B.Lekha和A.Palackal,揭示性别悖论:权力、性和财产的动态(Palgrave Macmillan,2022),xiii+160页。,₹12478(硬背)。ISBN 978-3-031-09699-3(精装本)、978-3-03109701-0(软封面)、978-3-031-09699-0(电子书)。
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引用次数: 0
Living Apart Together (LAT): A New Family Form in Urban India 分居在一起(LAT):一种新的家庭形式在印度城市
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229231172146
Jagriti Gangopadhyay
With the rise of globalisation, a considerable number of married couples are opting to live apart from each other post marriage. Several studies in the West have examined the concept of living apart together (LAT). However, this marriage arrangement has not received much attention in Indian scholarship. LAT is being adopted in both (arranged and love) forms of marriage systems in India. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to understand why this form of a marriage system is gaining prominence among educated urban couples in India. Using Anthony Giddens’s theory of pure relationships and relying on in-depth qualitative interviews, the study will highlight the formation of a new form of intimacy among couples practicing LAT. Finally, the study will demonstrate how the role of the family, changing gender norms and individual aspirations shape LAT in urban India.
随着全球化的兴起,相当多的已婚夫妇选择婚后分居。西方的一些研究已经检验了分居同居(LAT)的概念。然而,这种婚姻安排在印度学术界并没有受到太多关注。印度婚姻制度的两种形式(包办和恋爱)都采用了LAT。在此背景下,本研究旨在了解为什么这种形式的婚姻制度在印度受过教育的城市夫妇中越来越突出。利用安东尼·吉登斯的纯粹关系理论,并依靠深入的定性访谈,该研究将强调在进行LAT的夫妇中形成一种新的亲密形式。最后,该研究将展示家庭的作用、不断变化的性别规范和个人愿望如何影响印度城市的LAT。
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引用次数: 0
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The Sociological Bulletin
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