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What is in a Name? The Politics of Name Changing 名字的含义是什么?更名的政治
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094784
Bhaskar Kumar Kakati
Various socio-cultural and religious backgrounds influence the naming of an individual. For example, the Hindu belief system shapes the Assamese Hindu’s name in Assam. In contrast, the Islamic belief system shapes Assamese Muslim names, confirming that the personal name of an individual is a significant attribute of identification. It assists in identifying the individual. Equally, it also reveals the bearers’ socio-cultural and religious backgrounds. Therefore, the name directly or indirectly can affect the personal and social life of the individual. As the name can affect the individual’s life, sometimes an individual has to change their name to enjoy social, cultural and political benefits. This article carefully analyses how the name affects the name bearer and why an individual may seek to change his/her name.
不同的社会文化和宗教背景会影响个人的命名。例如,印度教的信仰体系塑造了阿萨姆邦印度人的名字。相比之下,伊斯兰信仰体系塑造了阿萨姆穆斯林的名字,证实了个人的名字是身份认同的重要属性。它有助于识别个人。同样,它也揭示了持有者的社会文化和宗教背景。因此,名字可以直接或间接地影响个人的个人和社会生活。由于名字会影响个人的生活,有时个人不得不改名以享受社会、文化和政治利益。本文仔细分析了姓名是如何影响持名者的,以及为什么个人可能会寻求更改姓名。
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引用次数: 1
Agrarian Distress and Seasonal Out-migration: Insights from a Field Survey in North Bengal 农业困境与季节性外出移民:来自北孟加拉邦实地调查的见解
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094776
R. Thapa, D. Mishra
A substantial section of India’s migrant labour force is pushed into precarious livelihoods in the informal economy. The circular dynamic of seasonal migration, taken to fill the recurrent voids in earnings and employment, is the only distress-ameliorating strategy of marginalised households and should not be equated with accumulative and aspirational forms of livelihood diversification. We analyse the processes behind the emergence of a mobile labour force in the backdrop of the declining viability of agriculture. We have documented illustrations of livelihood distress of two villages using data from a primary field survey conducted in the northern region of West Bengal. Our findings show that the multiple modes of migration in both villages were outcomes of migrants’ relentless efforts to continuously evolve and explore new routes for livelihood and, in the process, develop ways to minimise risks and social costs. With rising employment insecurity in the urban economy, migrants were building resilience against different forms of vulnerability and redundancy from traditional modes of reproduction. The linkages between the crisis of survival of the agrarian classes in rural India and the continued vulnerability of the seasonal and circular migrant workers point to the specific ways in which labour is getting absorbed, most often in adverse forms, in a rapidly globalising Indian economy.
印度很大一部分移民劳动力被迫在非正规经济中过着不稳定的生活。季节性移民的循环动态,用来填补收入和就业方面的经常性空白,是边缘化家庭缓解困境的唯一策略,不应等同于积累和渴望的生计多样化形式。我们分析了在农业生存能力下降的背景下流动劳动力出现的过程。我们使用在西孟加拉邦北部地区进行的初步实地调查的数据,记录了两个村庄的生计困境。我们的研究结果表明,这两个村庄的多种移民模式都是移民不懈努力的结果,他们不断发展和探索新的谋生途径,并在此过程中开发出将风险和社会成本降至最低的方法。随着城市经济中就业不安全感的加剧,移民正在建立抵御传统生育模式中不同形式的脆弱性和冗余的能力。印度农村农业阶层的生存危机与季节性和循环性移民工人的持续脆弱性之间的联系表明,在快速全球化的印度经济中,劳动力被吸收的具体方式,通常是以不利的形式。
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引用次数: 0
A Paradigm Shift in Indian Sociology: Seminal Contributions of Professor Yogendra Singh 印度社会学的范式转变:Yogendra Singh教授的研讨会贡献
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221081976
K. L. Sharma
Since this is the First Memorial Lecture in honour of Professor Yogendra Singh, the author has briefly reflected on the persona of Singh. Certainly, his outstanding contributions in reshaping of Indian sociology are the main focus of this article. Professor Singh was quite distinct from sociologists and social scientists of his times, as a human being, and as a teacher, researcher and author. In the 1960s, he attempted a systematic analysis of Indian sociology. Over a period of half a century, Professor Singh conducted studies on a wide range of themes, such as village life, social stratification, youth, culture, urbanization, nonviolence and peace, professions, social movements, tradition and modernity, globalization, and social conditioning of Indian sociology. Of all this, Singh’s main contribution lies in his ability to conceptualise empirical studies and narratives and examine the relevance of pre-given concepts and theories at the ground level. Based on his vast knowledge of sociological concepts, theories and thoughts, he was often mentioned as ‘an incurable theorist’. His books, such as Modernization of Indian Tradition (1973), Concepts and Theories of Social Change (1974a), Image of Man: Ideology and Theory in Indian Sociology (1984c) and Indian Sociology: Social Conditioning and Emerging Concerns (1986b) speak of Singh’s concern for reshaping of Indian sociology. Singh was a liberal social scientist, a centrist, as he followed a middle path, as reflected in his pragmatic eclecticism. Singh has attempted constructive criticisms of culturological studies, while providing a review of paradigms and theoretic orientations and periodization in Indian sociology. He states that there is no succession of paradigms and theoretic orientations. There is co-existence of competing paradigms and orientations. There are no master theories. Singh discusses Indian sociology ranging from being ‘consensual to dialectical-historical’ to ‘critical’ and symbolic-phenomenological orientations. In this context, he talks of a world view of sociology and the challenge of post-modernity, and challenges to globalization, identity and economic development. Regarding social change, Singh refers to a three-fold classification of approaches, namely, evolutionary, cultural and structural approaches. In addition to these, Singh also emphasises on cognitive-historical and institutional approaches. In regard to the study of social change and development, Singh reflects on issues, such as a quality of life for citizens, levels of social justice, economic security, harmony among social groups, nation-state, uneven incomes, disintegration, and crises and impediments in Indian society. Author concludes Professor Singh’s seminal contributions in terms of his liberal thinking and all-inclusive approach. Singh had an open mind, without an ideological or statist command. He developed his own unique method of understanding, interpretation, analysis and conceptualisation. He has wri
由于这是为纪念Yogendra Singh教授而举行的第一次纪念讲座,作者简要回顾了Singh的个性。当然,他在重塑印度社会学方面的杰出贡献是本文的重点。辛格教授作为一个人,作为一名教师、研究人员和作家,与他那个时代的社会学家和社会科学家截然不同。20世纪60年代,他试图对印度社会学进行系统分析。在半个世纪的时间里,辛格教授对广泛的主题进行了研究,如乡村生活、社会分层、青年、文化、城市化、非暴力与和平、职业、社会运动、传统与现代、全球化和印度社会学的社会条件。在所有这些中,辛格的主要贡献在于他能够将实证研究和叙事概念化,并在基层检查预先给定的概念和理论的相关性。基于他对社会学概念、理论和思想的渊博知识,他经常被称为“不可救药的理论家”。他的著作,如《印度传统的现代化》(1973)、《社会变革的概念与理论》(1974a)、《人的形象:印度社会学中的意识形态和理论》(1984c)和《印度社会学:社会条件和新兴关注》(1986b),都谈到了辛格对重塑印度社会学的关注。辛格是一位自由派社会科学家,一位中间派,他走的是一条中间路线,这反映在他的实用主义折衷主义中。辛格试图对文化学研究进行建设性的批评,同时对印度社会学的范式、理论取向和分期进行了回顾。他指出,没有连续的范式和理论取向。相互竞争的范式和方向并存。没有大师级的理论。辛格讨论了印度社会学,从“共识到辩证历史”到“批判性”和象征性现象学取向。在这方面,他谈到了社会学的世界观和后现代性的挑战,以及全球化、身份认同和经济发展的挑战。关于社会变革,辛格提到了三种方法,即进化方法、文化方法和结构方法。除此之外,辛格还强调认知历史和制度方法。关于社会变革和发展的研究,辛格反思了一些问题,如公民的生活质量、社会正义水平、经济安全、社会群体之间的和谐、民族国家、收入不均、分裂以及印度社会的危机和障碍。作者总结了辛格教授在自由主义思想和包容性方法方面的开创性贡献。辛格思想开放,没有意识形态或中央集权主义的指挥。他发展了自己独特的理解、解释、分析和概念化方法。他满怀激情地写了关于印度社会学的文章。辛格分析了20世纪50年代至21世纪第二个十年印度社会学的意识形态、理论和方法。辛格对“社会”、“社会关系”和“社会”进行了探索。他把“形式”和“物质”联系起来,反之亦然。辛格没有伪装,也没有行话的烟幕弹,也没有隐藏的议程。
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引用次数: 0
Stigma and Exclusion: Challenges of Re-Integration of Human Trafficked Survivors in Assam 耻辱与排斥:阿萨姆邦人口贩运幸存者重新融入社会的挑战
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221081989
Ajailiu Niumai, M. N. Rajesh
This article attempts to examine the lived experiences of trafficked survivors and understand the utilisation of cultural resources to generate positive attitudes towards trafficked survivors while they present themselves as responsible citizens of society in Assam. It focuses on the enabling narrative of de-stigmatisation, challenges to cope up in everyday life and re-integration of the trafficked victims. This article attempts to examine human trafficking in Assam from the lens of Erving Goffman’s theory of stigma. There is an anguish in the process of rehabilitation as the trafficked survivors require emotional and socio-economic stability or else as they have a propensity to be re-trafficked. These survivors have been bruised internally and they take time to overcome their stigma, shame and gain self-esteem. This article will conclude by trying to propose meaningful strategies for the re-integration of victims with their families.
本文试图研究被贩卖幸存者的生活经历,并了解文化资源的利用,使他们在阿萨姆邦成为负责任的社会公民时,对被贩卖幸存者产生积极的态度。它侧重于消除污名化的有利叙事、应对日常生活的挑战以及被贩运受害者的重新融入。本文试图从欧文·戈夫曼污名理论的视角来审视阿萨姆邦的人口贩运问题。康复过程中存在着痛苦,因为被贩运的幸存者需要情感和社会经济稳定,或者他们有被再次贩运的倾向。这些幸存者的内心受到了伤害,他们需要时间来克服耻辱、羞耻感并获得自尊。最后,本文将试图为受害者与其家人的重新融合提出有意义的战略。
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引用次数: 1
Dead or Alive? Odishan and Appalachian Mountains as Partners in Activism 死还是活?奥里萨邦和阿巴拉契亚山脉是行动主义的伙伴
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221081986
A. Pandey, Ann E. Kingsolver
Mountains may be simultaneously viewed through multiple logics—sacred or secular, dead property to be commodified or living and powerful community members, for example—unless and until one of those logics is used to destroy them. We compare the way these logics figure in environmental justice movements in Odisha, India and the Appalachian region of the United States. In the first example, mountains—considered sacred and alive—have served as partners in a successful movement by Dongaria Kondh women in Odisha to stop the destruction of the Niyamgiri hills through aluminium mining. In the second example, while there are competing logics that include views of mountains as sacred in the United States, a capitalist logic through which mountains are considered dead and without a role in acting on their own future has prevailed in extensive coal mining through the destructive method of mountaintop removal.
山脉可以同时通过多种逻辑来看待——例如,神圣的或世俗的,被商品化的死亡财产或活着的强大的社区成员——除非其中一种逻辑被用来摧毁它们。我们比较了这些逻辑在印度奥里萨邦和美国阿巴拉契亚地区的环境正义运动中的作用。在第一个例子中,山——被认为是神圣的和有生命的——在奥里萨邦的Dongaria Kondh妇女成功地阻止了铝开采对Niyamgiri山的破坏。在第二个例子中,尽管存在着相互竞争的逻辑,包括在美国将山脉视为神圣的观点,但一种资本主义逻辑认为,山脉被认为是死的,对它们自己的未来没有任何作用,这种逻辑通过拆除山顶的破坏性方法在广泛的煤炭开采中占了上风。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Gurminder K. Bhambra and John Holmwood, Colonialism and Modern Social Theory 书评:Gurminder K.Bhambra和John Holmwood,《殖民主义与现代社会理论》
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221081996
Sasheej Hegde
Gurminder K. Bhambra and John Holmwood, Colonialism and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2021, 257 pp., $26.95 (paperback). ISBN: 9781509541300.
Gurminder K.Bhambra和John Holmwood,《殖民主义与现代社会理论》。剑桥:政治出版社,2021年,257页,26.95美元(平装本)。ISBN:9781509541300。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: John E. Mary and Meena Gopal (Eds.), Women in the Worlds of Labour: Interdisciplinary and Intersectional Perspectives 书评:约翰E.玛丽和米纳戈帕尔(编),妇女在劳动的世界:跨学科和交叉的观点
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221082003
Sristi Mondal
John E. Mary and Meena Gopal (Eds.), Women in the Worlds of Labour: Interdisciplinary and Intersectional Perspectives. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan Private Limited, 2021, 423 pp., ₹995 (paperback). ISBN: 978-81-949258-9-7.
John E.Mary和Meena Gopal(编辑),《劳动世界中的女性:跨学科和跨部门视角》。海得拉巴:东方黑天鹅私人有限公司,2021,423页。,₹995(平装本)。ISBN:978-81-949258-9-7。
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引用次数: 1
Book review: A. K. Giri (Ed.), Practical Spirituality and Human Development: Creative Experiments for Alternative Futures 书评:A. K. Giri(编),实践灵性与人类发展:替代未来的创造性实验
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221082004
S. Prasad
A. K. Giri (Ed.), Practical Spirituality and Human Development: Creative Experiments for Alternative Futures. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, 528 pp., ₹10,007.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-981-13-3686-7.
A. K. Giri主编,实践灵性与人类发展:另类未来的创造性实验。Palgrave Macmillan出版社,2019,528页,10,007.00卢比(精装)。ISBN: 978-981-13-3686-7。
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引用次数: 1
Global Local Linkages in Contemporary Environmental Movements: Networking, Diffusion and Scale Shift in the Niyamgiri Movement of Odisha 当代环境运动中的全球-地方联系:奥迪沙Niyamgiri运动中的网络化、扩散和规模转移
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221081979
Satyapriya Rout
Taking the tribal resistance against Vedanta Alumina at Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha in India as a case in point, the present article deciphers the nuances of contemporary environmental movements. It discusses the manner in which movements like Niyamgiri address global environmental issues with local environmental actions. It examines the issue of scale shift of environmental activism and the process in which a local struggle over livelihood and resource capture becomes a global environmental movement. It unravels the subtle negotiations that the local agents of the movement engage in with their global counterparts. The major arguments of the article are based on empirical research at the site of contestation with the help of qualitative methods. The article vividly narrates the emergence of the Niyamgiri movement from that of a localised struggle against land acquisition to that of a transnational movement raising serious ecological concerns, which bridges the gap between the local and global in contemporary environmental movements. It argues that rather than an emphasis on ‘locale’, the point of departure should be the movement’s ability to establish networks with related as well as non-related social movement organisations, who share similar concerns with nature, and are ready to be a part of the mobilisation process.
以印度奥里萨邦Niyamgiri山的部落抵抗Vedanta氧化铝为例,本文解读了当代环境运动的细微差别。它讨论了像Niyamgiri这样的运动如何通过地方环境行动来解决全球环境问题。它考察了环境行动主义的规模转移问题,以及当地的生计和资源获取斗争成为全球环境运动的过程。它揭示了运动的当地代理人与其全球同行进行的微妙谈判。本文的主要论点是基于在争论现场的实证研究,并借助定性方法。这篇文章生动地叙述了Niyamgiri运动的出现,从一个局部的反对土地征用的斗争到一个提出严重生态问题的跨国运动,它在当代环境运动中架起了地方和全球之间的桥梁。它认为,与其强调“地点”,出发点应该是运动与相关的以及不相关的社会运动组织建立网络的能力,这些组织与自然有着相似的关注,并准备成为动员过程的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Tibetan Nationalism and Cultural Homogenisation in Exile: An Interpretation of Institutions and the Public Sphere 流亡中的西藏民族主义与文化同质化——制度与公共领域的解读
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/00380229221081988
J. P. Coelho, G. Somayaji
The 20th century was the century of refugees. Several wars and territorial aggrandisement policies of nascent nation–states were responsible for the exodus of persecuted people across the world. Tibet, an isolated Himalayan nation, lost its freedom and thousands of Tibetans along with their leader, the 14th Dalai Lama, fled Tibet and took refuge in India after a long walk in the month of March 1959. The exodus has been an example not only of forced de-territorialisation of a people but also of their government. When the traditional Tibetan polity consisting of diverse cultural and regional elements came in contact with the modern democratic political institutions of the host nation–state, attempts are being made to consolidate their diverse identities through homogenising nationalistic programmes. Such attempts are fraught with multiple responses in the institutions and the public sphere among the Tibetan refugees which the article attempts to interpret.
20世纪是难民的世纪。新兴民族国家的几次战争和领土扩张政策是造成世界各地受迫害者外流的原因。西藏,一个与世隔绝的喜马拉雅国家,失去了自由。1959年3月,成千上万的藏人与他们的领袖十四世达赖喇嘛一起,经过长途跋涉,逃离西藏,在印度避难。这次大迁徙不仅是一个民族被迫去领土化的例子,也是一个政府被迫去领土化的例子。当由不同文化和地区因素组成的传统西藏政体与东道国的现代民主政治机构接触时,正试图通过同质化的民族主义方案来巩固他们的不同身份。这种尝试在西藏难民的机构和公共领域中充满了多种反应,这篇文章试图解释。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Sociological Bulletin
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