Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1177/00380229221116996
Satendra Kumar
In the 1980s, India's farmers' protests including the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) emerged as a strong political force that played an important role in the overthrow of the Congress government in the1989 elections. However, in the 1990s introduction of the neoliberal economic policies shifted the agrarian economy to non-farm occupations and deepened the ongoing agrarian crisis. By focusing on the BKU and its politics, this paper examines the ways in which agrarian change and crisis coupled with the rise of Hindutva politics weakened the agrarian polity in western Uttar Pradesh over the last three decades. Drawing on ethnographic research in Muzaffarnagar, however, I argue that the farmers' protests (of 2020 -2021) have revived farmers' identity and have renewed the agrarian polity. These protests not only created unprecedented alliances across caste, class, gender, and religion but also brought together farm unions, left, and progressive civil society organizations.
{"title":"Rise and Fall of the Bharatiya Kisan Union: The Farmers’ Protests of 2020–2021 in the Making of New Rural Politics","authors":"Satendra Kumar","doi":"10.1177/00380229221116996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221116996","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s, India's farmers' protests including the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) emerged as a strong political force that played an important role in the overthrow of the Congress government in the1989 elections. However, in the 1990s introduction of the neoliberal economic policies shifted the agrarian economy to non-farm occupations and deepened the ongoing agrarian crisis. By focusing on the BKU and its politics, this paper examines the ways in which agrarian change and crisis coupled with the rise of Hindutva politics weakened the agrarian polity in western Uttar Pradesh over the last three decades. Drawing on ethnographic research in Muzaffarnagar, however, I argue that the farmers' protests (of 2020 -2021) have revived farmers' identity and have renewed the agrarian polity. These protests not only created unprecedented alliances across caste, class, gender, and religion but also brought together farm unions, left, and progressive civil society organizations.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"551 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1177/00380229221116944
Shray Mehta, S. Sinha
This article argues that the ostensibly desirable separation between farmers’ movements and electoral politics is historically produced in post-colonial India, and it suggests that the current conjuncture of authoritarian politics in India demands a rethinking of this separation. It traces how agrarian populism has been practised in post-colonial India across social movements and party politics. In particular, it examines anti-Congress farmer mobilisations and formation of non-Congress state governments in the 1960s–1970s, the rise of Other Backward Caste (OBC) politics and new farmers’ movements in the 1970s–1980s, the mobilisations around liberalisation since the 1990s and mobilisations since 2014, including the farmers’ protest of 2020–2021. Through this long view of agrarian mobilisations in post-colonial India, we contend that apolitical agrarian populism has lost much of its political potency, and farmers have to pursue anti-authoritarian politics that lies at the intersection of progressive political parties and social movements to realise some or all of their demands.
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of Agrarian Populism in Post-colonial India: Farmers’ Movements and Electoral Politics at Crossroads","authors":"Shray Mehta, S. Sinha","doi":"10.1177/00380229221116944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221116944","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the ostensibly desirable separation between farmers’ movements and electoral politics is historically produced in post-colonial India, and it suggests that the current conjuncture of authoritarian politics in India demands a rethinking of this separation. It traces how agrarian populism has been practised in post-colonial India across social movements and party politics. In particular, it examines anti-Congress farmer mobilisations and formation of non-Congress state governments in the 1960s–1970s, the rise of Other Backward Caste (OBC) politics and new farmers’ movements in the 1970s–1980s, the mobilisations around liberalisation since the 1990s and mobilisations since 2014, including the farmers’ protest of 2020–2021. Through this long view of agrarian mobilisations in post-colonial India, we contend that apolitical agrarian populism has lost much of its political potency, and farmers have to pursue anti-authoritarian politics that lies at the intersection of progressive political parties and social movements to realise some or all of their demands.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"601 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48322458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1177/00380229221116993
Sukhpal Singh
This article examines the rationale and experience of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in the context of their promotion and public funding on a large scale. Simultaneously, corporate players have been provided a larger and free space under the APLM and CF&S Acts of 2017 and 2018, respectively. At the state level, the agricultural market reforms started with the model APMC Act of 2003, and the Producer Companies Act was passed in 2002. India is the second Asian country after Sri Lanka (where they mostly failed) to try this hybrid form of producer organisation. Based on empirical evidence from across states, the article assesses their (FPCs’) physical and financial performance and impact and examines their market interface to improve farmer incomes by creating a producer agency. It dwells on their experiences with corporate players/buyers and their own efforts to create alternative market mechanisms to connect small farmers effectively with modern mainstream or alternative markets.
{"title":"(Small) Farmer Livelihoods under Liberalised Agricultural Market Environment in India: Can Farmer Producer Companies be an Alternative?","authors":"Sukhpal Singh","doi":"10.1177/00380229221116993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221116993","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the rationale and experience of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in the context of their promotion and public funding on a large scale. Simultaneously, corporate players have been provided a larger and free space under the APLM and CF&S Acts of 2017 and 2018, respectively. At the state level, the agricultural market reforms started with the model APMC Act of 2003, and the Producer Companies Act was passed in 2002. India is the second Asian country after Sri Lanka (where they mostly failed) to try this hybrid form of producer organisation. Based on empirical evidence from across states, the article assesses their (FPCs’) physical and financial performance and impact and examines their market interface to improve farmer incomes by creating a producer agency. It dwells on their experiences with corporate players/buyers and their own efforts to create alternative market mechanisms to connect small farmers effectively with modern mainstream or alternative markets.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"72 1","pages":"73 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1177/00380229221099236
P. Mukherji
Ethnicity, nation, nationalism and the nation-state have been politically volatile concepts marked by ambiguities and predominantly Eurocentric bias. These have impacted the formation of states and the dynamics within them. Is the nation-state the exclusive domain of ethno-nations forming a territorial state by exercising the right of self-determination? The emancipation of post-colonial states added a new dimension to the on-going discourse; among these, the contribution of the Indian subcontinent is prominent. Their leaders who were in the forefront of the freedom struggle were not only familiar with this discourse, but actually played out their politics on the basis of either subscribing to, or, in outright rejection of, the Eurocentric model. The latter, argued for, and established, a civic-secular nation-state that admitted ethnic plurality and class realities of equality, within an overarching civilisational bonding. This article examines how this dynamic played itself out in the laboratory of South Asia, particularly, with reference to the formations of India and Pakistan. Their top leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Quad-e-Azam Jinnah held opposing views on the concept of the nation and nation-state. I have argued that the Indian nation-state has steadily evolved through a continuous zig-zag process of differentiation and integration. In recent times, a new contradiction has surfaced out of believers in ethno-nation, introducing a volatile churning in the political process.
{"title":"Differentiation, Integration and Exclusion: Dynamics and Challenges to Nation-Building","authors":"P. Mukherji","doi":"10.1177/00380229221099236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221099236","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnicity, nation, nationalism and the nation-state have been politically volatile concepts marked by ambiguities and predominantly Eurocentric bias. These have impacted the formation of states and the dynamics within them. Is the nation-state the exclusive domain of ethno-nations forming a territorial state by exercising the right of self-determination? The emancipation of post-colonial states added a new dimension to the on-going discourse; among these, the contribution of the Indian subcontinent is prominent. Their leaders who were in the forefront of the freedom struggle were not only familiar with this discourse, but actually played out their politics on the basis of either subscribing to, or, in outright rejection of, the Eurocentric model. The latter, argued for, and established, a civic-secular nation-state that admitted ethnic plurality and class realities of equality, within an overarching civilisational bonding. This article examines how this dynamic played itself out in the laboratory of South Asia, particularly, with reference to the formations of India and Pakistan. Their top leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Quad-e-Azam Jinnah held opposing views on the concept of the nation and nation-state. I have argued that the Indian nation-state has steadily evolved through a continuous zig-zag process of differentiation and integration. In recent times, a new contradiction has surfaced out of believers in ethno-nation, introducing a volatile churning in the political process.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"323 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094742
Lakshmi Priya N.
Palackal Antony, Nandita Chaudhary and Giuseppina Marsico (Eds.), Making of Distinctions: Towards a Social Science of Inclusive Oppositions. Information Age Publishing, 2021, xviii+326 pp., US$85.99 (hardback), US$45.99 (paperback). ISBN: 976-1-64802-321-7.
{"title":"Book review: Palackal Antony, Nandita Chaudhary and Giuseppina Marsico (Eds.), Making of Distinctions: Towards a Social Science of Inclusive Oppositions","authors":"Lakshmi Priya N.","doi":"10.1177/00380229221094742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221094742","url":null,"abstract":"Palackal Antony, Nandita Chaudhary and Giuseppina Marsico (Eds.), Making of Distinctions: Towards a Social Science of Inclusive Oppositions. Information Age Publishing, 2021, xviii+326 pp., US$85.99 (hardback), US$45.99 (paperback). ISBN: 976-1-64802-321-7.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"473 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48157346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094400
Meena Gopal
Krishna Kumar, Smaller Citizens: Writings on the Making of Indian Citizens. Orient Blackswan, 2021, 149 pp., ₹395 (paperback). ISBN: 978-93-5442-080-1.
{"title":"Book review: Krishna Kumar, Smaller Citizens: Writings on the Making of Indian Citizens","authors":"Meena Gopal","doi":"10.1177/00380229221094400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221094400","url":null,"abstract":"Krishna Kumar, Smaller Citizens: Writings on the Making of Indian Citizens. Orient Blackswan, 2021, 149 pp., ₹395 (paperback). ISBN: 978-93-5442-080-1.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"471 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094753
Aditya Sankar
This article discusses how men, women and children have been represented in Maggi television advertisements aired at different periods in India. The analysis attempts to interpret the similarities and differences in representation and symbolisation of different characters, elements and acts at different periods. As per the analysis, Maggi was hiding its industrial food characteristics behind some of the explicit representations rooted in Brahmanical patriarchy. Maggi started showing their noodles as food for happy and hungry children made by non-working upper-caste-class mothers. Men in Maggi advertisements never cooked. The advertisements included the symbolisation of ritualistic purification in many ways. These representations cover up Maggi’s industrial food characteristics such as reproduction of taste, simplicity to make and convenience. However, Maggi’s advertisements became realistic after India’s food regulator had banned Maggi in 2015. They started to show people from different classes and caste groups, men cook and Maggi being served on streets and started to claim itself as an industrial food through its advertisements.
{"title":"Deciphering Two-minute Magic: Men, Women and Children in Maggi Advertisements Aired in Indian Television","authors":"Aditya Sankar","doi":"10.1177/00380229221094753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221094753","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses how men, women and children have been represented in Maggi television advertisements aired at different periods in India. The analysis attempts to interpret the similarities and differences in representation and symbolisation of different characters, elements and acts at different periods. As per the analysis, Maggi was hiding its industrial food characteristics behind some of the explicit representations rooted in Brahmanical patriarchy. Maggi started showing their noodles as food for happy and hungry children made by non-working upper-caste-class mothers. Men in Maggi advertisements never cooked. The advertisements included the symbolisation of ritualistic purification in many ways. These representations cover up Maggi’s industrial food characteristics such as reproduction of taste, simplicity to make and convenience. However, Maggi’s advertisements became realistic after India’s food regulator had banned Maggi in 2015. They started to show people from different classes and caste groups, men cook and Maggi being served on streets and started to claim itself as an industrial food through its advertisements.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"352 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094767
Farhat Naz
This article intends to showcase that land grabbing of gauchar (pastureland) at the village level affects women and men in differing ways, along the variables of gender and caste. The article uncovers the notion that the link among gender, caste and access to common property resources (CPRs) are deeply rooted in the power dynamics of the caste-based operating system at the informal level. Drawing on intersectionality perspective, the article explains through ethnographic data collected over a period of time, in a small rural community in Gujarat, India, that women’s social location/standing leads them to have multiple identities, which defines and alters their gender relations, norms, negotiations and access to resources, in context to land grab of CPRs. Consequently, the article argues that group-based social differences and power structures ultimately determine access to natural resources and institutional base for women from different strata of society wherein the governance structure may fall short of addressing these issues.
{"title":"Land Grabbing in Common Property Resources: How Women Social Positions Intersect Access to Natural Resources","authors":"Farhat Naz","doi":"10.1177/00380229221094767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221094767","url":null,"abstract":"This article intends to showcase that land grabbing of gauchar (pastureland) at the village level affects women and men in differing ways, along the variables of gender and caste. The article uncovers the notion that the link among gender, caste and access to common property resources (CPRs) are deeply rooted in the power dynamics of the caste-based operating system at the informal level. Drawing on intersectionality perspective, the article explains through ethnographic data collected over a period of time, in a small rural community in Gujarat, India, that women’s social location/standing leads them to have multiple identities, which defines and alters their gender relations, norms, negotiations and access to resources, in context to land grab of CPRs. Consequently, the article argues that group-based social differences and power structures ultimately determine access to natural resources and institutional base for women from different strata of society wherein the governance structure may fall short of addressing these issues.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"371 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49546205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094790
Riya Mukherjee, Smita Jha
The study of masculinities in India has largely been confined to the analysis and understanding of the upper caste hegemonic masculinity and complicit masculinity, with respect to emphasised femininity. The issue of Dalit masculinities has been subsumed in the larger discourse of South Asian masculinity. The present study intends to address this gap by delving into the nuances of Dalit masculinities through a detailed analysis of Aravind Mālagatti’s Government Brahmana and Baby Kamble’s The Prisons We Broke. The study would employ the categories of masculinities enunciated by Connell, while using a post-structuralist lens to question their absoluteness. In the process, the study would challenge the monolith of masculinity in general and Dalit masculinity in particular, which instead of being rigid and irrevocable has a plural and fluid identity.
{"title":"Reconstructing Dalit Masculinities: A Study of Select Dalit Autobiographies","authors":"Riya Mukherjee, Smita Jha","doi":"10.1177/00380229221094790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221094790","url":null,"abstract":"The study of masculinities in India has largely been confined to the analysis and understanding of the upper caste hegemonic masculinity and complicit masculinity, with respect to emphasised femininity. The issue of Dalit masculinities has been subsumed in the larger discourse of South Asian masculinity. The present study intends to address this gap by delving into the nuances of Dalit masculinities through a detailed analysis of Aravind Mālagatti’s Government Brahmana and Baby Kamble’s The Prisons We Broke. The study would employ the categories of masculinities enunciated by Connell, while using a post-structuralist lens to question their absoluteness. In the process, the study would challenge the monolith of masculinity in general and Dalit masculinity in particular, which instead of being rigid and irrevocable has a plural and fluid identity.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"454 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47144043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1177/00380229221094785
S. Irshad, S. Solaman
The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of ‘geographical, economic and vulnerable space’ in disaster risk management. This article considers the life world of vulnerable labourers in a private plantation land as space. This space determines vulnerable labourers in a private plantation land, determining government interventions. This article is dependent on secondary data, informed discussion with local community members and media reports on community response to the post-landslide. Interviews with community members and secondary data have been analysed concerning the total perspicuity of spatial vulnerability. The focus of the space discussed in this article is the community’s life world. Disaster displaces, kills and destroys economic resources, and it is common across the world. There are variations in the number of deaths and amount of economic loss depending on the structure and space in which a natural disaster happens. This article discusses a landslide in the private plantation land and attempts to demonstrate how the authority and the government intervened and how the spacial risk limits such government interventions? The landslide killed poor workers living in poor-quality labour settlements; however, the government and the plantation company tried various reasons to divert the attention from the spatial vulnerability prevalent in the area and cited heavy rains as the only reason. The article attempts to discuss this critical issue in the historical context of the plantation that evolved through the colonial period and labour control in the given space. The article offers a theoretical debate on space and provides critical insight into ‘space and identity’ in disaster risk and rehabilitation management.
{"title":"Identity, Space and Disaster: A Case Study of Pettimudi Landslide in Kerala","authors":"S. Irshad, S. Solaman","doi":"10.1177/00380229221094785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380229221094785","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of ‘geographical, economic and vulnerable space’ in disaster risk management. This article considers the life world of vulnerable labourers in a private plantation land as space. This space determines vulnerable labourers in a private plantation land, determining government interventions. This article is dependent on secondary data, informed discussion with local community members and media reports on community response to the post-landslide. Interviews with community members and secondary data have been analysed concerning the total perspicuity of spatial vulnerability. The focus of the space discussed in this article is the community’s life world. Disaster displaces, kills and destroys economic resources, and it is common across the world. There are variations in the number of deaths and amount of economic loss depending on the structure and space in which a natural disaster happens. This article discusses a landslide in the private plantation land and attempts to demonstrate how the authority and the government intervened and how the spacial risk limits such government interventions? The landslide killed poor workers living in poor-quality labour settlements; however, the government and the plantation company tried various reasons to divert the attention from the spatial vulnerability prevalent in the area and cited heavy rains as the only reason. The article attempts to discuss this critical issue in the historical context of the plantation that evolved through the colonial period and labour control in the given space. The article offers a theoretical debate on space and provides critical insight into ‘space and identity’ in disaster risk and rehabilitation management.","PeriodicalId":39369,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"437 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46376242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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