Abdominal lymphangioma is rare in children. The etiopathogenesis and the treatment modalities to be used are not clearly defined. We report a case of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with abdominal pain. On examination, there was a mass in the left flank. CT showed an intraperitoneal multiloculated cystic lesion. The patient was given intralesional bleomycin therapy and followed up, there was no recurrence.
Abdominal malformations should be considered for cases with gradually enlarging abdominal lumps. Treatment with intralesional bleomycin yields excellent outcomes and should be preferred in cases where complete surgical resection is not feasible.
{"title":"Sclerotherapy of abdominal lymphangioma: An effective treatment modality","authors":"Meghna Kinjalk , Deepak Goyal , Dhruv Bhoria , Sujoy Neogi","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Abdominal lymphangioma is rare in children. The etiopathogenesis and the treatment modalities to be used are not clearly defined. We report a case of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with abdominal pain. On examination, there was a mass in the left flank. CT showed an intraperitoneal multiloculated cystic lesion. The patient was given intralesional </span>bleomycin therapy and followed up, there was no recurrence.</div><div>Abdominal malformations should be considered for cases with gradually enlarging abdominal lumps. Treatment with intralesional bleomycin yields excellent outcomes and should be preferred in cases where complete surgical resection is not feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 606-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.006
Ujjwal Dimri , A.K. Baranwal , Bidhan Roy , Gurpreet Kaur , Amit Ajay Pawar , Rajat Jagani , Amit Kumar Biswas , Anurag Gairola
Background
Fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH), in which foetal red blood cells enter maternal circulation, can cause complications like foetal anaemia, hydrops foetalis, alloimmunisation and foetal death. A notable gap exists in the literature regarding FMH quantification in the Indian patient population vis-a-vis the Western population. This study estimated severe FMH using flow cytometry (FCM) in antenatal patients at a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra.
Methods
This single-centre, prospective observational study was conducted over two years in our institute on 100 consenting antenatal patients. Venous blood samples were analysed with dual-colour FCM to quantify foetal red blood cells, and FMH volume was calculated.
Results
Among the 100 antenatal patients, 54% were primigravida with a mean age of 25.68 years. Severe FMH (>30 ml) was detected in 40% of participants using FCM. Most mothers (94%) and newborns (97%) were RhD positive, with no active alloimmunisation cases. Statistical analysis showed no significant links between FMH and maternal age, blood group, parity, delivery type, haemoglobin levels, gestational age, or newborn gender, except for a significant (p = 0.032) association with Rh status.
Conclusion
Presence of severe FMH in up to 40% of our study population indicates that severe FMH in present Indian subset of antenatal care (ANC) clientele is a considerable phenomenon and underscores the need to conduct research in Indian population in this direction.
Similarly, the modality for FCM for FMH evaluation in Indian patient clientele should be considered to all the high-risk ANC where severe FMH is expected.
{"title":"Estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage using flow cytometry in antenatal care patients at an tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra","authors":"Ujjwal Dimri , A.K. Baranwal , Bidhan Roy , Gurpreet Kaur , Amit Ajay Pawar , Rajat Jagani , Amit Kumar Biswas , Anurag Gairola","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span>Fetomaternal haemorrhage<span><span> (FMH), in which foetal red blood cells enter maternal circulation, can cause complications like foetal </span>anaemia, </span></span>hydrops foetalis<span><span>, alloimmunisation and </span>foetal death. A notable gap exists in the literature regarding FMH quantification in the Indian patient population vis-a-vis the Western population. This study estimated severe FMH using flow cytometry (FCM) in antenatal patients at a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-centre, prospective observational study was conducted over two years in our institute on 100 consenting antenatal patients. Venous blood samples were analysed with dual-colour FCM to quantify foetal red blood cells, and FMH volume was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span><span>Among the 100 antenatal patients, 54% were primigravida<span> with a mean age of 25.68 years. Severe FMH (>30 ml) was detected in 40% of participants using FCM. Most mothers (94%) and newborns (97%) were RhD positive, with no active alloimmunisation cases. Statistical analysis showed no significant links between FMH and </span></span>maternal age, blood group, parity, delivery type, </span>haemoglobin levels, gestational age, or newborn gender, except for a significant (p = 0.032) association with Rh status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Presence of severe FMH in up to 40% of our study population indicates that severe FMH in present Indian subset of antenatal care (ANC) clientele is a considerable phenomenon and underscores the need to conduct research in Indian population in this direction.</div><div>Similarly, the modality for FCM for FMH evaluation in Indian patient clientele should be considered to all the high-risk ANC where severe FMH is expected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 20-30% cases of infertility, a primary defect is found in the male partner and contribute to 50% of patients overall. Studies have shown that the prevalence of both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities is increased in such men. A few genes have been implicated in sex development during gonadal and functional differentiation, where the maintenance of the somatic sex as either male or female is achieved by the suppression of the alternate route. One such entity in the vast group of male infertility etiologies is the de la Chapelle syndrome or 46, XX testicular disorder of sex differentiation (DSD), which is a rare disorder characterized by discordance between the male phenotype and the female karyotype. This syndrome's exact molecular and genetic basis is yet to be described in full potential. Due to the rare diagnosis of such cases, we report this case of infertile male diagnosed as SRY-positive 46, XX testicular DSD, aiming to add to the previously reported cases in the literature.
在20-30%的不孕症病例中，主要缺陷发生在男性伴侣身上，占患者总数的50%。研究表明，在这些男性中，数量和结构染色体异常的患病率都有所增加。在性腺和功能分化过程中，一些基因与性发育有关，其中体细胞性别作为男性或女性的维持是通过抑制替代途径实现的。在众多男性不育病因中，有一个这样的实体是de la Chapelle综合征或46xx睾丸性别分化障碍（DSD），这是一种罕见的疾病，其特征是男性表型和女性核型之间的不一致。这种综合征的确切分子和遗传基础尚未得到充分的描述。由于此类病例的诊断罕见，我们报道这例不育男性，诊断为sry阳性46，XX睾丸DSD，旨在补充文献中已有报道的病例。
{"title":"An offbeat presentation of primary male infertility: de la Chapelle syndrome","authors":"Aatish Saraswat , N. Nagaraja , Barun Kumar Chakrabarty , Paresh Singhal","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>In 20-30% cases of infertility, a primary defect is found in the male partner and contribute to 50% of patients overall. Studies have shown that the prevalence of both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities<span> is increased in such men. A few genes have been implicated in sex development during gonadal and functional differentiation, where the maintenance of the somatic sex as either male or female is achieved by the suppression of the alternate route. One such entity in the vast group of male infertility etiologies is the de la Chapelle syndrome or 46, XX testicular </span></span>disorder of sex differentiation<span><span><span> (DSD), which is a rare disorder characterized by discordance between the male phenotype and the female </span>karyotype. This syndrome's exact molecular and </span>genetic basis is yet to be described in full potential. Due to the rare diagnosis of such cases, we report this case of infertile male diagnosed as SRY-positive 46, XX testicular DSD, aiming to add to the previously reported cases in the literature.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 602-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135811031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a genetically heterogenous disorder. We conducted this pilot study to explore the possibility of genetic discovery in patients with VUR using exome sequencing.
Methods
Whole exome sequencing was performed on the DNA of ten Indian children (nine boys) with bilateral grade IV/V reflux and bilateral renal hypodysplasia (extreme phenotype) as well as that of a family with 2 affected male siblings with bilateral VUR and chronic kidney disease. For prioritization of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the ten children with extreme phenotype, extremely rare and deleterious variations were selected from a list of 778 genes of biological relevance. Hypothesis-free prioritization was performed in the VUR family. Copy-number variations (CNV) were also called and prioritized from whole exome data.
Results
Among ten patients with extreme phenotype, rare and novel and deleterious variants related to VUR and renal hypodysplasia were identified in 7/10 patients each. At least one prioritized variant in either genes related to VUR per se or renal hypodysplasia was seen in 8/10 patients. All patients carried different variations. Among the remaining two patients, one carried a pathogenic CNV. In the VUR family, a rare and deleterious variant in SLIT1 gene was identified.
Conclusion
Sharp phenotyping in combination with exome sequencing using a combination of approaches including hypothesis-driven and hypothesis-free for prioritization of SNVs and study of CNVs seems to be an optimal method of genetic discovery of VUR. VUR is genetically heterogenous.
{"title":"Genetic discovery in vesicoureteral reflux using exome sequencing: A pilot study","authors":"R.W. Thergaonkar , Vijeta Manchanda , Gourja Bansal , Arti Yadav , Jyotsna Singh , Binuja Varma , Debasis Dash , Mitali Mukerji , Arvind Bagga , Pankaj Hari","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span>Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a genetically heterogenous disorder. We conducted this pilot study to explore the possibility of </span>genetic<span> discovery in patients with VUR using exome sequencing.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span><span>Whole exome sequencing was performed on the DNA of ten Indian children (nine boys) with bilateral grade IV/V reflux and bilateral renal hypodysplasia (extreme phenotype) as well as that of a family with 2 affected male siblings with bilateral VUR and </span>chronic kidney disease. For prioritization of </span>single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the ten children with extreme phenotype, extremely rare and deleterious variations were selected from a list of 778 genes of biological relevance. Hypothesis-free prioritization was performed in the VUR family. Copy-number variations (CNV) were also called and prioritized from whole exome data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among ten patients with extreme phenotype, rare and novel and deleterious variants related to VUR and renal hypodysplasia were identified in 7/10 patients each. At least one prioritized variant in either genes related to VUR per se or renal hypodysplasia was seen in 8/10 patients. All patients carried different variations. Among the remaining two patients, one carried a pathogenic CNV. In the VUR family, a rare and deleterious variant in SLIT1 gene was identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sharp phenotyping in combination with exome sequencing using a combination of approaches including hypothesis-driven and hypothesis-free for prioritization of SNVs and study of CNVs seems to be an optimal method of genetic discovery of VUR. VUR is genetically heterogenous.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 506-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diagnostic interval/delay (DI) denotes the duration between first presentations to healthcare provider to the definitive diagnosis of cancer. Prolonged DI is a major contributor to deaths among children with malignancies in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). The data on DI and factors affecting it are limited from LMIC.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled patients/children<12 years with proven/suspected malignancies. Children already on definitive chemotherapy, who died before a definitive diagnosis and with benign tumours were excluded. The parents or caregivers were interviewed individually using a customized questionnaire. Various intervals in referral chain like patient interval/delay (PI), DI and treatment interval/delay (TI) and factors affecting DI were evaluated.
Results
Out of 120 eligible children; 79 with median age 43 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 28–81) were analyzed. Haematological malignancies (n = 40) and non-haematological malignancies (n = 39) were equally distributed. Median total delay was 74 days (14–88 days). Median DI was 17 days (IQR: 8–54). The main contributor to delay was due to referral delay by primary and secondary physician (p < 0.05). The median PI was 2 day (IQR: 0–7.5) and median TI was 1 day (IQR: 0–4). Prolonged DI (DI > 30 days) was seen in 33 (41.8%) children. Trial of alternative medicine was the only significant factor associated with prolonged DI in univariate and multivariate analysis with odds ratio of 6.24. Other demographic, socioeconomic, health-seeking journey and disease-related factors were not found to be associated with prolonged DI.
Conclusions
Significant delay exists in paediatric cancer management in LMIC. Augmentation of physician and parental awareness is the key to decrease these delays.
{"title":"Evaluation of diagnostic interval in children with newly diagnosed paediatric cancers: A Cross-sectional study","authors":"Monisha Manoharan , Sanjeev Khera , Aparajita Gupta , Sandeep Dhingra","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diagnostic interval/delay (DI) denotes the duration between first presentations to healthcare provider to the definitive diagnosis of cancer. Prolonged DI is a major contributor to deaths among children with malignancies in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). The data on DI and factors affecting it are limited from LMIC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study enrolled patients/children<12 years with proven/suspected malignancies. Children already on definitive chemotherapy, who died before a definitive diagnosis and with benign tumours were excluded. The parents or caregivers were interviewed individually using a customized questionnaire. Various intervals in referral chain like patient interval/delay (PI), DI and treatment interval/delay (TI) and factors affecting DI were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>Out of 120 eligible children; 79 with median age 43 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 28–81) were analyzed. Haematological malignancies<span> (n = 40) and non-haematological malignancies (n = 39) were equally distributed. Median total delay was 74 days (14–88 days). Median DI was 17 days (IQR: 8–54). The main contributor to delay was due to referral delay by primary and secondary physician (p < 0.05). The median PI was 2 day (IQR: 0–7.5) and median TI was 1 day (IQR: 0–4). Prolonged DI (DI > 30 days) was seen in 33 (41.8%) children. Trial of alternative medicine was the only significant factor associated with prolonged DI in univariate and </span></span>multivariate analysis with odds ratio of 6.24. Other demographic, socioeconomic, health-seeking journey and disease-related factors were not found to be associated with prolonged DI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant delay exists in paediatric cancer management in LMIC. Augmentation of physician and parental awareness is the key to decrease these delays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 564-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.003
Samir H. Dalwai , K.S. Multani , Hilla Sookhadwala
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and restricted behaviors. While global prevalence continues to rise, low- and middle-income countries like India face unique challenges due to cultural, geographic, and resource-related disparities. Despite increased awareness and policy support such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD), gaps persist in early diagnosis, evidence-based interventions, and culturally appropriate care. Existing models, largely adapted from Western practices, often fail to address the socio-cultural realities of Indian families. The New Horizons Developmental Program (NHDP) proposes a paradigm shift—a caregiver-mediated, developmental, and culturally responsive model grounded in developmental principles. This developmentally informed, family- and community-centered approach offers a scalable model for transforming autism care across diverse Indian contexts. India’s autism care requires a dual-focus strategy that redefines therapeutic priorities and broadens access to autism services. Traditional therapies often miss core developmental deficits, limiting outcomes. The NHDP model offers a holistic, culturally grounded framework that empowers caregivers and integrates disciplines. Scaling such models via digital platforms and grassroot training within existing public health systems can create a sustainable ecosystem where early childhood development is a national priority.
{"title":"Autism spectrum disorder: An Indian perspective","authors":"Samir H. Dalwai , K.S. Multani , Hilla Sookhadwala","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and restricted behaviors. While global prevalence continues to rise, low- and middle-income countries like India face unique challenges due to cultural, geographic, and resource-related disparities. Despite increased awareness and policy support such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD), gaps persist in early diagnosis, evidence-based interventions, and culturally appropriate care. Existing models, largely adapted from Western practices, often fail to address the socio-cultural realities of Indian families. The New Horizons Developmental Program (NHDP) proposes a paradigm shift—a caregiver-mediated, developmental, and culturally responsive model grounded in developmental principles. This developmentally informed, family- and community-centered approach offers a scalable model for transforming autism care across diverse Indian contexts. India’s autism care requires a dual-focus strategy that redefines therapeutic priorities and broadens access to autism services. Traditional therapies often miss core developmental deficits, limiting outcomes. The NHDP model offers a holistic, culturally grounded framework that empowers caregivers and integrates disciplines. Scaling such models via digital platforms and grassroot training within existing public health systems can create a sustainable ecosystem where early childhood development is a national priority.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 501-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insufficient quality and quantity of sleep has dangerous neurodevelopmental outcomes in the form of poor concentration, poor scholastic performance, hyperactivity and obstructive sleep apnea. There is no structured data on prevalence of various sleep behaviours and sleep related disorders in children in India. We aim to study sleep behaviour of children to know the common paediatric sleep related disorders.
Methods
We enrolled 270 children between the age of 1 to 18 years visiting pediatric OPDs for minor ailments between June 2022 to June 2023 using Children Sleep habit questionnaire – (NICHD SECCYD, Wisconsin). Children having clinical features suggestive of obstructive sleep apnoea were further subjected to overnight level 1 Polysomnography study.
Results
Most children had bed time consistency with average sleep duration of Mean ± 2SD (8.58 ± 1.35 h, N=270), which was shorter than global average. Allergic disorders were significantly high with prevalence of allergic rhinitis up to 30 % and asthma between 8-10 % in our study. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea on Polysomnography study was 5.6%, parent reported snoring 10 %, restless leg movements 30% and open mouth breathing in 35% Indian children. In our study, Asthma had statistically significant association with sleep disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea with p value < 0.01.
Conclusions
Asthma has statistically significant association with obstructive sleep apnoea in our study. Proper asthma treatment may reduce the burden of obstructive sleep apnoea in children. There is a growing need to screen children regularly for sleep related issues on routine visits.
背景：睡眠质量和数量不足会导致注意力不集中、学习成绩差、多动和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等危险的神经发育后果。关于印度儿童中各种睡眠行为和睡眠相关障碍的患病率，没有结构化的数据。我们的目的是研究儿童的睡眠行为，以了解常见的儿童睡眠相关障碍。方法：使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷（NICHD SECCYD, Wisconsin），我们招募了270名在2022年6月至2023年6月期间因小病就诊的1至18岁儿童。具有提示阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停临床特征的儿童进一步进行1级多导睡眠图夜间研究。结果多数患儿睡眠时间一致，平均睡眠时间为8.58±1.35 h (N=270)，低于全球平均水平。在我们的研究中，过敏性疾病的患病率非常高，过敏性鼻炎的患病率高达30%，哮喘的患病率在8- 10%之间。在多导睡眠图研究中，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患病率为5.6%，父母报告打鼾的比例为10%，不安分的腿部运动占30%，张嘴呼吸占35%。在我们的研究中，哮喘与睡眠呼吸障碍和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停有统计学意义（p值<； 0.01）。结论哮喘与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停有统计学意义。适当的哮喘治疗可以减轻儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的负担。越来越多的人需要在常规检查中定期检查儿童的睡眠相关问题。
{"title":"A study of sleep disorders in Indian children: Tip of the iceberg","authors":"Hardeep Kaur , Harshita Chaudhary , Kundan Vashishtha , Gaurav Mahajan , Vivek Bhat , Vivek Hande","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Insufficient quality and quantity of sleep has dangerous neurodevelopmental outcomes in the form of poor concentration, poor scholastic performance, hyperactivity and obstructive sleep apnea<span>. There is no structured data on prevalence of various sleep behaviours and sleep related disorders in children in India. We aim to study sleep behaviour of children to know the common paediatric sleep related disorders.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We enrolled 270 children between the age of 1 to 18 years visiting pediatric OPDs for minor ailments<span> between June 2022 to June 2023 using Children Sleep habit questionnaire – (NICHD SECCYD, Wisconsin). Children having clinical features<span> suggestive of obstructive sleep apnoea were further subjected to overnight level 1 Polysomnography study.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most children had bed time consistency with average sleep duration of Mean ± 2SD (8.58 ± 1.35 h, N=270), which was shorter than global average. Allergic disorders were significantly high with prevalence of allergic rhinitis<span><span> up to 30 % and asthma between 8-10 % in our study. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea on Polysomnography study was 5.6%, parent reported snoring 10 %, </span>restless leg movements 30% and open mouth breathing in 35% Indian children. In our study, Asthma had statistically significant association with sleep disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea with p value < 0.01.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Asthma has statistically significant association with obstructive sleep apnoea in our study. Proper asthma treatment may reduce the burden of obstructive sleep apnoea in children. There is a growing need to screen children regularly for sleep related issues on routine visits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 528-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lack of formal education in adolescents about the interpretation of nutrition labels led to the formation this study which aimed to assess the awareness and interpretation ability of nutrition label, and consumption practices about processed food packets among school-going adolescents.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four schools of Vadodara, Gujarat, among 361 students of classes 11 and 12 over three months. A validated, pilot-tested 20 points questionnaire was used to assess awareness (12 questions), and interpretation ability (8 questions) related to nutrition labels, and consumption practices (10 questions) of processed food packets. Data were collected via online Google Forms during the COVID-19 period and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Ethical approval was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.
Results
The study involved 361 adolescents. They scored an average of 11.2 (56%) out of 20. This indicates that 44% of school-going adolescents had poor knowledge and couldn't interpret nutrition label correctly. They faced challenges answering questions regarding best-before date, food additives, nutritional ingredients, Indian Standards Institution (ISI) mark and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) symbols. Their weekly intake of packaged food was high: 43% ate noodles for 1–7 days, 78% ate biscuits every other day, and 60% ate potato chips for at least one day.
Conclusion
The majority of adolescents have unhealthy habits of consuming packaged food, and 44% of them had poor knowledge and difficulty interpreting nutrition labels. Such outcome suggests an urgent need for interventions in the school curriculum to enhance their health and nutrition knowledge.
{"title":"Awareness, interpretation ability of nutrition label, and consumption practices about processed food packets among adolescents: A cross-sectional study from Western-India","authors":"Daivikkumar Hemalkumar Doshi , Kedar Gautambhai Mehta , Jugal Hiren Bhatt , Paragkumar Chavda , Arunkumar Chaudhari","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lack of formal education in adolescents about the interpretation of nutrition labels led to the formation this study which aimed to assess the awareness and interpretation ability of nutrition label, and consumption practices about processed food packets among school-going adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four schools of Vadodara, Gujarat, among 361 students of classes 11 and 12 over three months. A validated, pilot-tested 20 points questionnaire was used to assess awareness (12 questions), and interpretation ability (8 questions) related to nutrition labels, and consumption practices (10 questions) of processed food packets. Data were collected via online Google Forms during the COVID-19 period and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Ethical approval was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study involved 361 adolescents. They scored an average of 11.2 (56%) out of 20. This indicates that 44% of school-going adolescents had poor knowledge and couldn't interpret nutrition label correctly. They faced challenges answering questions regarding best-before date, food additives, nutritional ingredients, Indian Standards Institution (ISI) mark and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) symbols. Their weekly intake of packaged food was high: 43% ate noodles for 1–7 days, 78% ate biscuits every other day, and 60% ate potato chips for at least one day.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The majority of adolescents have unhealthy habits of consuming packaged food, and 44% of them had poor knowledge and difficulty interpreting nutrition labels. Such outcome suggests an urgent need for interventions in the school curriculum to enhance their health and nutrition knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robotic biofeedback-based Cerebral Palsy (CP) rehabilitation is a novel rehabilitative modality. This single (assessor) blind randomized controlled multicentric pilot trial compared the efficacy of robotic biofeedback-based therapy as an add-on therapy along with conventional physiotherapy versus conventional physiotherapy alone in children with hemiplegic CP between 5-18 years.
Methods
The trial was conducted in two centres for 2.5 years. Hepiplegic CP children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores: I-III children were enrolled. Enrolled children's baseline paretic limb Hand-Grip Strengths and Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) scores were recorded. Children in Intervention Arm received robotic biofeedback-based therapy and conventional physiotherapy. In Control Arm, only conventional physiotherapy was administered. Differential changes in mean hand-grip strengths after 12 months were compared between the two groups (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included changes in grip strength at 15 months and QUEST scores at 12 and 15 months.
Results
60 children were enrolled (30 in each Arm). There were 5 dropouts (2 from Intervention Arm). The difference of mean hand-grip strengths between the two groups at 12 months was (-) 0.05, which was insignificant (p = 0.40). The difference in secondary outcomes between the two groups was not significant either. No adverse effects were noted.
Conclusion
Add-on robotic biofeedback-based upper limb rehabilitation does not improve hand-grip strength (at 12 and 15 months) and QUEST scores (at 12 and 15 months) of hemiplegic CP children undergoing conventional physiotherapy. The study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability and lack of adverse effects of this hybrid modality.
{"title":"A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of robotic biofeedback based upper limb rehabilitation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy","authors":"J.N. Goswami , Vishal Sondhi , S.K. Patnaik , Pawan Dhull , Rohit Tandon , Manu Bamal , Ankita Gambhirrao","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Robotic biofeedback-based Cerebral Palsy<span> (CP) rehabilitation is a novel rehabilitative modality. This single (assessor) blind randomized controlled multicentric pilot trial compared the efficacy of robotic biofeedback-based therapy as an add-on therapy along with conventional physiotherapy versus conventional physiotherapy alone in children with hemiplegic CP between 5-18 years.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The trial was conducted in two centres for 2.5 years. Hepiplegic CP children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores: I-III children were enrolled. Enrolled children's baseline paretic limb Hand-Grip Strengths and Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) scores were recorded. Children in Intervention Arm received robotic biofeedback-based therapy and conventional physiotherapy. In Control Arm, only conventional physiotherapy was administered. Differential changes in mean hand-grip strengths after 12 months were compared between the two groups (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included changes in grip strength at 15 months and QUEST scores at 12 and 15 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>60 children were enrolled (30 in each Arm). There were 5 dropouts (2 from Intervention Arm). The difference of mean hand-grip strengths between the two groups at 12 months was (-) 0.05, which was insignificant (p = 0.40). The difference in secondary outcomes between the two groups was not significant either. No adverse effects were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Add-on robotic biofeedback-based upper limb rehabilitation does not improve hand-grip strength (at 12 and 15 months) and QUEST scores (at 12 and 15 months) of hemiplegic CP children undergoing conventional physiotherapy. The study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability and lack of adverse effects of this hybrid modality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 542-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.017
Sanjeev Khera , Rajan Kapoor , Amit Kumar , Ankur Ahuja , Jasdeep Singh , Preeti Tripathi , Rajiv Kumar
Background
BCR-ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) represents a perplexing subclass of ALL mainly due to genomic heterogeneity and non-availability of standardized diagnostic tests. The data on prevalence, clinical–haematological profile and outcome are limited, more so from low-middle income countries.
Methods
This prospective observational study enrolled children<14 years with B-ALL. Recurrent genetic/chromosomal aberrations were excluded. BCR-ABL1-like aberrations were analysed using Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Two groups with/without BCR-ABL1-like ALL (Mut+/Mut-) were compared.
Results
Out of 214 eligible children; 75 with “B-other ALL” were analysed for BCR-ABL1-like aberrations. Their prevalence was 34/214 (15.8%) in B-ALL and 34/75 (45.3%) in “B-other” ALL (PCR:33.3% and NGS:53.3%). Majority of the aberrations were JAK2E16 and ILR7e5/ILR7e6 with PCR and RAS pathway and PAX5 fusion with NGS. Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including aberrant flowcytometry were comparable in Mut+ and Mut-groups. Children with day-8 absolute blast count (ABC) were higher in Mut+ group. High end-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) was comparable in two groups. Number of NCI-standard risk (SR) at diagnosis with high D-8 ABC or high MRD was higher in Mut+ group. Similar results were found when aberrations were analysed by NGS alone. In all 56 children are alive, 19 had an event (relapse/death). The outcomes were comparable in two groups with median follow-up of 1075 days (IQR: 660–1527); when analysis was based on combined as well as NGS-based methodology alone.
Conclusions
We report 15.8% prevalence of BCR-ABL1-like ALL in children by PCR or NGS. High D-8 ABC was associated with BCR-ABL1-like ALL with no impact on outcomes.
{"title":"Prevalence, clinical and haematological profile and outcome of BCR-ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Indian children: A prospective observational study","authors":"Sanjeev Khera , Rajan Kapoor , Amit Kumar , Ankur Ahuja , Jasdeep Singh , Preeti Tripathi , Rajiv Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>BCR-ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) represents a perplexing subclass of ALL mainly due to genomic heterogeneity and non-availability of standardized diagnostic tests. The data on prevalence, clinical–haematological profile and outcome are limited, more so from low-middle income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective observational study enrolled children<14 years with B-ALL. Recurrent genetic/chromosomal aberrations were excluded. BCR-ABL1-like aberrations were analysed using Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Two groups with/without BCR-ABL1-like ALL (Mut+/Mut-) were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>Out of 214 eligible children; 75 with “B-other ALL” were analysed for BCR-ABL1-like aberrations. Their prevalence was 34/214 (15.8%) in B-ALL and 34/75 (45.3%) in “B-other” ALL (PCR:33.3% and NGS:53.3%). Majority of the aberrations were JAK2E16 and ILR7e5/ILR7e6 with PCR and RAS pathway and PAX5 fusion with NGS. Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including aberrant flowcytometry were comparable in Mut+ and Mut-groups. Children with day-8 absolute blast count (ABC) were higher in Mut+ group. High end-induction </span>minimal residual disease (MRD) was comparable in two groups. Number of NCI-standard risk (SR) at diagnosis with high D-8 ABC or high MRD was higher in Mut+ group. Similar results were found when aberrations were analysed by NGS alone. In all 56 children are alive, 19 had an event (relapse/death). The outcomes were comparable in two groups with median follow-up of 1075 days (IQR: 660–1527); when analysis was based on combined as well as NGS-based methodology alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We report 15.8% prevalence of BCR-ABL1-like ALL in children by PCR or NGS. High D-8 ABC was associated with BCR-ABL1-like ALL with no impact on outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 584-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号