Ki67 is a prognostic factor in breast carcinoma (BC). We evaluate algorithm-based digital image analysis for Ki67 proliferation index (KPI).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 81 BC cases. KPI (by eyeballing, EB) and tubule scores were obtained from records. A region of interest within the hotspot on the scanned slide was annotated and analysed using ImageJ (Reference standard) and Optrascan algorithm (OA). Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation (PC) included Pearson Correlation (PC) and Bland - Altman plots (BAP).
Results
EB and OA correlated with ImageJ (p < 0.001). OA had a stronger correlation (r: 0.9913) than EB. BAP revealed larger bias with EB (bias: 1.309) than OA. EB showed significant bias in tumours with >10% tubule formation (bias: 7.268) compared with OA.
Conclusion
OA is a reasonable alternative for KPI. EB tends to overestimate in solid tumours and underestimate in differentiated tumours. OA overestimates with increased nuclear pleomorphism and underestimates in increased intra-tumoural lymphocytes or fibroblasts.
{"title":"Enumeration of Ki67 proliferation index by an algorithm-based digital image analysis in breast carcinoma","authors":"Ankit Dhaka , Jeevantika Rana , Brajesh Singh , Manoj Gopal Madakshira","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ki67 is a prognostic factor in breast carcinoma (BC). We evaluate algorithm-based digital image analysis for Ki67 proliferation index (KPI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted on 81 BC cases. KPI (by eyeballing, EB) and tubule scores were obtained from records. A region of interest within the hotspot on the scanned slide was annotated and analysed using ImageJ (Reference standard) and Optrascan algorithm (OA). Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation (PC) included Pearson Correlation (PC) and Bland - Altman plots (BAP).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EB and OA correlated with ImageJ (p < 0.001). OA had a stronger correlation (r: 0.9913) than EB. BAP revealed larger bias with EB (bias: 1.309) than OA. EB showed significant bias in tumours with >10% tubule formation (bias: 7.268) compared with OA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>OA is a reasonable alternative for KPI. EB tends to overestimate in solid tumours and underestimate in differentiated tumours. OA overestimates with increased nuclear pleomorphism and underestimates in increased intra-tumoural lymphocytes or fibroblasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 707-713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.06.004
Pooja Pande , Satyendra N. Singh , M.V. Manikandan
Benign tumors of the urinary bladder are rare and while leiomyomas are the most common type of benign mesenchymal tumors of the bladder, their incidence is low, and most of these tumors are small and asymptomatic. We present a rare case of a large symptomatic urinary bladder leiomyoma in a young female patient referred to a tertiary cancer hospital for management after a suspicion for malignant involvement was raised on initial evaluation, and subsequently, a magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used as a problem-solving tool to differentiate the tumor from a more common malignant pathology arising from the urinary bladder.
{"title":"Large urinary bladder leiomyoma mimicking malignancy: Using diffusion-weighted imaging as a problem solving tool","authors":"Pooja Pande , Satyendra N. Singh , M.V. Manikandan","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benign tumors<span><span> of the urinary bladder are rare and while </span>leiomyomas are the most common type of benign mesenchymal tumors of the bladder, their incidence is low, and most of these tumors are small and asymptomatic. We present a rare case of a large symptomatic urinary bladder leiomyoma in a young female patient referred to a tertiary cancer hospital for management after a suspicion for malignant involvement was raised on initial evaluation, and subsequently, a magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used as a problem-solving tool to differentiate the tumor from a more common malignant pathology arising from the urinary bladder.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 735-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46642715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.016
Biju Vasudevan , Debdeep Mitra , Venus Deshwal
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing dermatological practice, fundamentally transforming diagnostic methodologies, treatment approaches, and patient care delivery systems. This perspective examines the current landscape of AI integration in dermatology, with particular emphasis on the Indian healthcare context. The rapid advancement of deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has achieved diagnostic accuracies comparable to board-certified dermatologists in skin cancer detection, with sensitivities reaching 87% and specificities of 77% across various conditions.
Current applications demonstrate significant promise in conditions ranging from melanoma detection to inflammatory dermatoses, with AI-powered tools showing superior performance in lesion counting and severity assessment compared to manual evaluation. However, challenges persist, including dataset bias, particularly underrepresentation of darker skin tones, regulatory uncertainties, and the need for comprehensive training programs.
Looking forward, the roadmap for AI in Indian dermatology requires strategic curriculum reform, incorporating AI literacy into residency training, development of culturally diverse datasets, and establishment of robust validation frameworks. The rise of vision-language models combined with collaborative learning presents a unique chance to make dermatological knowledge more accessible, especially in areas with limited resources. This transformation demands adaptive strategies from practicing dermatologists, emphasizing continuous learning, ethical AI implementation, and collaborative approaches to technology integration.
The future of dermatology lies in augmented intelligence, where AI serves as a powerful ally rather than a replacement, enhancing diagnostic precision and expanding access to specialized care across India's diverse healthcare landscape.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dermatology: The shifting paradigms","authors":"Biju Vasudevan , Debdeep Mitra , Venus Deshwal","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing dermatological practice, fundamentally transforming diagnostic methodologies, treatment approaches, and patient care delivery systems. This perspective examines the current landscape of AI integration in dermatology, with particular emphasis on the Indian healthcare context. The rapid advancement of deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has achieved diagnostic accuracies comparable to board-certified dermatologists in skin cancer detection, with sensitivities reaching 87% and specificities of 77% across various conditions.</div><div>Current applications demonstrate significant promise in conditions ranging from melanoma detection to inflammatory dermatoses, with AI-powered tools showing superior performance in lesion counting and severity assessment compared to manual evaluation. However, challenges persist, including dataset bias, particularly underrepresentation of darker skin tones, regulatory uncertainties, and the need for comprehensive training programs.</div><div>Looking forward, the roadmap for AI in Indian dermatology requires strategic curriculum reform, incorporating AI literacy into residency training, development of culturally diverse datasets, and establishment of robust validation frameworks. The rise of vision-language models combined with collaborative learning presents a unique chance to make dermatological knowledge more accessible, especially in areas with limited resources. This transformation demands adaptive strategies from practicing dermatologists, emphasizing continuous learning, ethical AI implementation, and collaborative approaches to technology integration.</div><div>The future of dermatology lies in augmented intelligence, where AI serves as a powerful ally rather than a replacement, enhancing diagnostic precision and expanding access to specialized care across India's diverse healthcare landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 618-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.014
Rajiv Kumar Pathni
In the recent years, the abilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to augment those of clinicians have been repeatedly and emphatically demonstrated in many medical domains. However, the current state and nature of the technology have raised several concerns about its safety and ethicality. World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned about the need to demonstrate evidence-based benefits before AI services are offered to patients as they may come with long-term risks. While AI brings immense possibilities, it is essential to address these ethical challenges to ensure its safe, reliable, fair, and trustworthy application in healthcare. This paper explores the challenges for AI in healthcare and discusses its ethical implications using the framework of the four core principles of modern bioethics.
{"title":"Beyond algorithms: Ethical implications of AI in healthcare","authors":"Rajiv Kumar Pathni","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the recent years, the abilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to augment those of clinicians have been repeatedly and emphatically demonstrated in many medical domains. However, the current state and nature of the technology have raised several concerns about its safety and ethicality. World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned about the need to demonstrate evidence-based benefits before AI services are offered to patients as they may come with long-term risks. While AI brings immense possibilities, it is essential to address these ethical challenges to ensure its safe, reliable, fair, and trustworthy application in healthcare. This paper explores the challenges for AI in healthcare and discusses its ethical implications using the framework of the four core principles of modern bioethics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 630-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.015
Nikhil Tiwari , Arvind Mishra , H. Ravi Ramamurthy , Gorav Sharma , B. Dhanalakshmi , Somali Pattanayak , Alok Kumar , Saajan Joshi
Background
Virtual reality (VR) image reconstruction enables the computer-assisted conversion of two-dimensional imaging data into virtual “models” or replicas. This helps reconstruct patient-specific virtual three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) to better understand the anomaly and surgical decision-making. The study aimed to evaluate the role of VR by creating patient-specific cardiac VR images from high-resolution imaging data of computed tomography (CT) angiography in such patients.
Methods
Patients with complex CHD with a dilemma in surgical management plan after initial evaluation with echocardiography and conventional cardiac CT scans were included for VR cardiac structural reconstruction. All cases were reviewed by the same team, and decisions before VR and after VR were grouped as either “corrective surgery” or “no surgery or medical management”. Agreement in terms of therapeutic decision between the pre-VR and post-VR was analyzed using Cohen's kappa test.
Results
Out of 754 patients diagnosed to have CHD, 413 (54.7%) patients had a clear surgical plan. 146 (19.3%) underwent cardiac catheterization-based intervention procedures while 185 (24.5%) required only medical follow-up. Ten patients (1.3%) had a management dilemma and were included in the study. The commonest indication was to assess the routability of the aorta to the left ventricle. There was an agreement between the pre-VR and post-VR management decisions for three patients (k = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.60, 0.18).
Conclusions
VR reconstruction in CHD is useful in a selected group of patients to improve surgical planning and outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery.
{"title":"The role of virtual reality in management of complex congenital heart diseases in comparison to conventional cardiac computed tomography scan","authors":"Nikhil Tiwari , Arvind Mishra , H. Ravi Ramamurthy , Gorav Sharma , B. Dhanalakshmi , Somali Pattanayak , Alok Kumar , Saajan Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Virtual reality (VR) image reconstruction enables the computer-assisted conversion of two-dimensional imaging data into virtual “models” or replicas. This helps reconstruct patient-specific virtual three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) to better understand the anomaly and surgical decision-making. The study aimed to evaluate the role of VR by creating patient-specific cardiac VR images from high-resolution imaging data of computed tomography (CT) angiography in such patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with complex CHD with a dilemma in surgical management plan after initial evaluation with echocardiography and conventional cardiac CT scans were included for VR cardiac structural reconstruction. All cases were reviewed by the same team, and decisions before VR and after VR were grouped as either “corrective surgery” or “no surgery or medical management”. Agreement in terms of therapeutic decision between the pre-VR and post-VR was analyzed using Cohen's kappa test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 754 patients diagnosed to have CHD, 413 (54.7%) patients had a clear surgical plan. 146 (19.3%) underwent cardiac catheterization-based intervention procedures while 185 (24.5%) required only medical follow-up. Ten patients (1.3%) had a management dilemma and were included in the study. The commonest indication was to assess the routability of the aorta to the left ventricle. There was an agreement between the pre-VR and post-VR management decisions for three patients (k = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.60, 0.18).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VR reconstruction in CHD is useful in a selected group of patients to improve surgical planning and outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 698-706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health technology assessment (HTA) is a method of systematically assessing various aspects of a new or available health technology regarding its implementation. HTA can generate evidence regarding the cost effectiveness among existing similar health technology interventions as well. This is relevant in current times when healthcare costs are rising and health inequity is prominent. Mental health care is widely neglected, and globally, resource allocation for mental health is a miniscule part of total health expenditure. HTA in mental health can provide scientifically valid information to guide policy decisions for rational healthcare resource allocation. In India, although HTA has been partly institutionalised, inclusion of mental health–related issues for HTA has lagged. In this short review, we briefly survey the state of HTA in India from a mental health perspective. We have highlighted possible areas that might benefit from HTA process in the field of mental health in India.
{"title":"Health technology assessment for mental health in India","authors":"Kaushik Chatterjee , Ankit Dangi , Vinay Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health technology assessment (HTA) is a method of systematically assessing various aspects of a new or available health technology regarding its implementation. HTA can generate evidence regarding the cost effectiveness among existing similar health technology interventions as well. This is relevant in current times when healthcare costs are rising and health inequity is prominent. Mental health care is widely neglected, and globally, resource allocation for mental health is a miniscule part of total health expenditure. HTA in mental health can provide scientifically valid information to guide policy decisions for rational healthcare resource allocation. In India, although HTA has been partly institutionalised, inclusion of mental health–related issues for HTA has lagged. In this short review, we briefly survey the state of HTA in India from a mental health perspective. We have highlighted possible areas that might benefit from HTA process in the field of mental health in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 626-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the valuable tools in virtual education is mobile phone-based educational applications. The present study aims to design and evaluate the vaccination training program through a mobile phone application for the internship of public health students in 2022.
Methods
The current developmental-applied study was carried out among 30 female undergraduate public health students using census sampling method. The information needs and technical capabilities of the program were first determined. A skill-testing station test was taken, and the scores were recorded. The designed application was given to the students, and they were given one month to use it. After that, the same stationary test was taken again, and the scores were compared with those of the first test. Then, the level of user satisfaction with the vaccination training program was collected and analyzed using the fifth version of the user interaction satisfaction (QUIS) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 25 and the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 0.05.
Results
The students’ average performance scores in vaccination skills increased from 17.56 ± 6.24 to 60.4 ± 2.15 after using the EDU_VACCINE application (p < 0.05). The average overall satisfaction score of the application was 117.86 ± 10.76 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
According to the results, the average scores related to the vaccination performance of the students as well as the satisfaction of the EDU_VACCINE application are at a high level. Respectively, ‘ease of working with the application’ and its being ‘offline’ garnered the highest level of satisfaction, and these factors can make education through the application more popular among different educational fields.
{"title":"EDU_VACCINE app: Mobile application for public health students and health educators","authors":"Mahsa Khodayarian , Arezoo Dehghani , Hossein Fallahzadeh , Elahe Nafari","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One of the valuable tools in virtual education is mobile phone-based educational applications. The present study aims to design and evaluate the vaccination<span> training program through a mobile phone application for the internship of public health students in 2022.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>The current developmental-applied study was carried out among 30 female undergraduate public health students using census sampling method. The information needs and technical capabilities of the program were first determined. A skill-testing station test was taken, and the scores were recorded. The designed application was given to the students, and they were given one month to use it. After that, the same stationary test was taken again, and the scores were compared with those of the first test. Then, the level of user satisfaction with the vaccination<span> training program was collected and analyzed using the fifth version of the user interaction satisfaction (QUIS) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 25 and the </span></span>Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The students’ average performance scores in vaccination skills increased from 17.56 ± 6.24 to 60.4 ± 2.15 after using the EDU_VACCINE application (p < 0.05). The average overall satisfaction score of the application was 117.86 ± 10.76 (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>According to the results, the average scores related to the vaccination performance of the students as well as the satisfaction of the EDU_VACCINE application are at a high level. Respectively, ‘ease of working with the application’ and its being ‘offline’ garnered the highest level of satisfaction, and these factors can make education through the application more popular among different educational fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 658-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.006
Poonam Prakash
Forensic odontology (FO) emerges as a critical discipline in conflict victim identification, particularly amid the challenges posed by war and calamities within the operational landscape of the Indian Armed Forces. FO plays an important role in improving the precision and efficacy of victim identification procedures in times of conflict.
In the aftermath of wars and calamities, traditional identification methods may be rendered inadequate due to factors such as mass casualties, decomposition, or disfigurement. One particularly important area of forensic science is odontology, which uses radiography, dental records and distinguishing dental characteristics to establish the identity of victims. Application of advanced technologies, including digital imaging and dental databases, further amplifies the precision and speed of identification efforts.
The abstract aims to highlight the significance of fostering specialized training programs for forensic odontologists within the Indian Armed Forces, ensuring their preparedness to confront the unique challenges of conflict victim identification. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary collaboration between forensic odontologists, pathologists and other forensic experts as essential for developing comprehensive and efficient identification protocols.
Integration of FO into the operational protocols of the Indian Armed Forces, will contribute to the establishment of a robust framework for conflict victim identification during war and calamities. This proactive approach will not only aid in bringing closure to grieving families but also plays a crucial role in upholding human rights and international humanitarian standards amid the complexities of conflict scenarios.
{"title":"Future-ready military healthcare: Forensic odontology training and digital dental records integration in the Indian Armed Forces","authors":"Poonam Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic odontology (FO) emerges as a critical discipline in conflict victim identification, particularly amid the challenges posed by war and calamities within the operational landscape of the Indian Armed Forces. FO plays an important role in improving the precision and efficacy of victim identification procedures in times of conflict.</div><div>In the aftermath of wars and calamities, traditional identification methods may be rendered inadequate due to factors such as mass casualties, decomposition, or disfigurement. One particularly important area of forensic science is odontology, which uses radiography, dental records and distinguishing dental characteristics to establish the identity of victims. Application of advanced technologies, including digital imaging and dental databases, further amplifies the precision and speed of identification efforts.</div><div>The abstract aims to highlight the significance of fostering specialized training programs for forensic odontologists within the Indian Armed Forces, ensuring their preparedness to confront the unique challenges of conflict victim identification. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary collaboration between forensic odontologists, pathologists and other forensic experts as essential for developing comprehensive and efficient identification protocols.</div><div>Integration of FO into the operational protocols of the Indian Armed Forces, will contribute to the establishment of a robust framework for conflict victim identification during war and calamities. This proactive approach will not only aid in bringing closure to grieving families but also plays a crucial role in upholding human rights and international humanitarian standards amid the complexities of conflict scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 644-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) comprises three main components, i.e., micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction. Infants who are born with PRS suffer from two major issues hampering survival and growth potential: (i) Upper airway obstruction and (ii) Feeding issues. PRS has variable presentations and surgical management in the more severe cases, when medical or conservative management fail, may help the child in minimising upper airway obstruction.
We report a case series of surgical airway management in PRS, describe the problems of airway obstruction that were faced, and the various outcomes by different management techniques.
Pierre Robin序列（PRS）包括三个主要组成部分，即小颌畸形、舌下垂和上气道阻塞。出生时患有PRS的婴儿有两个主要问题阻碍其生存和生长潜力：(i)上呼吸道阻塞和（ii）喂养问题。PRS有不同的表现，在更严重的情况下，当药物或保守治疗失败时，手术治疗可能有助于减少儿童的上气道阻塞。我们报告了PRS的外科气道管理病例系列，描述了所面临的气道阻塞问题，以及不同管理技术的不同结果。
{"title":"Surgical airway management in Pierre Robin sequence: A case series","authors":"Divyanshi Sharma , Sandeep Dhingra , Shifa Bidhan , Subhash Chandra Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) comprises three main components, i.e., </span>micrognathia<span>, glossoptosis, and </span></span>upper airway obstruction. Infants who are born with PRS suffer from two major issues hampering survival and growth potential: (i) Upper airway obstruction and (ii) Feeding issues. PRS has variable presentations and surgical management in the more severe cases, when medical or conservative management fail, may help the child in minimising upper airway obstruction.</div><div>We report a case series of surgical airway management in PRS, describe the problems of airway obstruction that were faced, and the various outcomes by different management techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 598-601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42684117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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