Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.03-j
G. E. Ede, Zamani Ishaya-Waidung, P. Kamtu, N. Gukop
This work centers on the study of the electrical energy consumption pattern of Ahmadu Bello University Samaru Zaria over a period of five years to establish the present energy demand and to project future demand. To obtain the amount and pattern of electrical energy consumption, statistical data for five years were collected for Kaduna Electricity Distribution Company (KEDC) supply and generator supplement. These data were analyzed and forecast of future demand made based on the analysis. The study found out that due to power outages from KEDC, the University had to supplement KEDC supply by installing 7.74 MW capacity Diesel and Petrol generators in both academic and residential areas. The power supplied by these generators constitute 42.6% of monthly energy consumption in 2018, 40% in 2019, 39% in 2020, 49.3% in 2021, 55.27% in 2022 and 37.3% as at May 2023. Some methods to reduce energy waste are recommended and sources other than fossil fuel Powered generators are suggested for future supplement of supply from KEDC.
{"title":"Investigation into Electrical Energy Consumption in ABU Samaru Zaria","authors":"G. E. Ede, Zamani Ishaya-Waidung, P. Kamtu, N. Gukop","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.03-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.03-j","url":null,"abstract":"This work centers on the study of the electrical energy consumption pattern of Ahmadu Bello University Samaru Zaria over a period of five years to establish the present energy demand and to project future demand. To obtain the amount and pattern of electrical energy consumption, statistical data for five years were collected for Kaduna Electricity Distribution Company (KEDC) supply and generator supplement. These data were analyzed and forecast of future demand made based on the analysis. The study found out that due to power outages from KEDC, the University had to supplement KEDC supply by installing 7.74 MW capacity Diesel and Petrol generators in both academic and residential areas. The power supplied by these generators constitute 42.6% of monthly energy consumption in 2018, 40% in 2019, 39% in 2020, 49.3% in 2021, 55.27% in 2022 and 37.3% as at May 2023. Some methods to reduce energy waste are recommended and sources other than fossil fuel Powered generators are suggested for future supplement of supply from KEDC.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"29 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131002847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.02-j
Tinuola Udoh, O. Orodu
The co-existence of multiphase fluids in the hydrocarbon reservoir rock pores plays a fundamental role in oil recovery processes because of the strong effect of interfacial forces that exist at the interface of these immiscible fluids. In this study, the effects of enzyme and silica nanoparticles on crude oil-brine interfacial tension were investigated under varied brine salinities and brine compositions. The results showed that the application of silica nanoparticles alone in brines of varied compositions and salinities does not significantly modify the crude oil-brine IFT. The use of enzyme and combined enzyme-nanoparticles however significantly reduced crude oil-brines IFT but the contribution of silica nanoparticles to the IFT reduction was not significant. The result of this study is relevant to the design and applications of enzyme and nanoparticles enhanced oil recovery processes.
{"title":"Synergetic Interfacial Tension Reduction Potential of Silica Nanoparticles and Enzyme","authors":"Tinuola Udoh, O. Orodu","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.02-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.02-j","url":null,"abstract":"The co-existence of multiphase fluids in the hydrocarbon reservoir rock pores plays a fundamental role in oil recovery processes because of the strong effect of interfacial forces that exist at the interface of these immiscible fluids. In this study, the effects of enzyme and silica nanoparticles on crude oil-brine interfacial tension were investigated under varied brine salinities and brine compositions. The results showed that the application of silica nanoparticles alone in brines of varied compositions and salinities does not significantly modify the crude oil-brine IFT. The use of enzyme and combined enzyme-nanoparticles however significantly reduced crude oil-brines IFT but the contribution of silica nanoparticles to the IFT reduction was not significant. The result of this study is relevant to the design and applications of enzyme and nanoparticles enhanced oil recovery processes.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114569233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on employing solvent extraction to extract and characterize watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed oil. The physicochemical properties of the oil were investigated to assess its potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The extraction process yielded an oil content of 43%. The oil exhibited a pH value of 4.02, refractive index of 1.452 at 25 °C, and specific gravity of 0.934 at 15 °C. The boiling point, cloud point, flash point, and melting point of oil were determined as 326 °C, 7.3 °C, 289 °C, and 2 °C, respectively. The oil's viscosity was measured as 0.04072 Pa.s, and it demonstrated a non-sooty flame nature and solubility in ether. The free fatty acid contents and acid value were determined at 3.339 % and 6.678 mg KOH/g, respectively. The saponification value (S.V) and iodine value (I.V.) were 147.6315 mg/KOH/g and 88.526 mg Iodine/g, respectively. Additionally, peroxide value was 16.40 meq peroxide/g, and the oil exhibited a congealing temperature range of -14 °C to 22 °C. The oil's retention factor during chromatography was determined as 1.6 cm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen bond, and sulfoxide groups in the oil. These findings suggest that the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl, amine, aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen bond, and sulfoxide groups in watermelon oil, indicate its potential suitability for a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Extraction and Characterization of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Seed Oil","authors":"Mabel Keke, Samson Onoriode Okpo, Oghenekome Cyril Anakpoha","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.01-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.01-j","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on employing solvent extraction to extract and characterize watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed oil. The physicochemical properties of the oil were investigated to assess its potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The extraction process yielded an oil content of 43%. The oil exhibited a pH value of 4.02, refractive index of 1.452 at 25 °C, and specific gravity of 0.934 at 15 °C. The boiling point, cloud point, flash point, and melting point of oil were determined as 326 °C, 7.3 °C, 289 °C, and 2 °C, respectively. The oil's viscosity was measured as 0.04072 Pa.s, and it demonstrated a non-sooty flame nature and solubility in ether. The free fatty acid contents and acid value were determined at 3.339 % and 6.678 mg KOH/g, respectively. The saponification value (S.V) and iodine value (I.V.) were 147.6315 mg/KOH/g and 88.526 mg Iodine/g, respectively. Additionally, peroxide value was 16.40 meq peroxide/g, and the oil exhibited a congealing temperature range of -14 °C to 22 °C. The oil's retention factor during chromatography was determined as 1.6 cm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen bond, and sulfoxide groups in the oil. These findings suggest that the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl, amine, aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen bond, and sulfoxide groups in watermelon oil, indicate its potential suitability for a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116710398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.11-j
I. A. Lateef, Oluyomi Johnson Oyeniran, Babatunde Adegbola Hassan, A.C. Adelekun, S. Fatukasi
Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) is one of agricultural product that has wide range of usage to man, animal and industries. It is consume both raw and fried by man and animal, serve as a source of income and a raw material for industries. Groundnut required roasting process to generate oil, bring out characteristic aroma, flavour and a times an acceptable colour for its consumption. In a developing country like Nigeria, this process is done locally. the local method associated with problems and difficulties which make it ineffective, laborious and time consuming, therefore there is need for another improved method. A manually operated Groundnut seed roaster was constructed with the aim of improving on the local methods. It contain Roast chamber, the pulley (which serve as Flywheel) shaft (Agitator), the heating unit (Gas burner and its accessory) and the discharge outlet. The machine after testing shows the frying efficiency of 88.125% with percentages of seed damaged (loss) to be 23.75%. The average and optimum time for roasting was estimated to be in the range of 6 minutes. The machine is inch free and can be operated freely, hence recommended for use.
{"title":"Development of Manually-Operated Groundnut Roasting Machine","authors":"I. A. Lateef, Oluyomi Johnson Oyeniran, Babatunde Adegbola Hassan, A.C. Adelekun, S. Fatukasi","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.11-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.11-j","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) is one of agricultural product that has wide range of usage to man, animal and industries. It is consume both raw and fried by man and animal, serve as a source of income and a raw material for industries. Groundnut required roasting process to generate oil, bring out characteristic aroma, flavour and a times an acceptable colour for its consumption. In a developing country like Nigeria, this process is done locally. the local method associated with problems and difficulties which make it ineffective, laborious and time consuming, therefore there is need for another improved method. A manually operated Groundnut seed roaster was constructed with the aim of improving on the local methods. It contain Roast chamber, the pulley (which serve as Flywheel) shaft (Agitator), the heating unit (Gas burner and its accessory) and the discharge outlet. The machine after testing shows the frying efficiency of 88.125% with percentages of seed damaged (loss) to be 23.75%. The average and optimum time for roasting was estimated to be in the range of 6 minutes. The machine is inch free and can be operated freely, hence recommended for use.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116594349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.10-j
Abubakar Kandi Mohammed, I. Ozigis, N. Lawal
This paper focuses on using Regression technique (MLR) towards finding solution to incidence of high compressor bearing temperature on one of the units at Geregu power plant in Ajaokuta, Nigeria. Monitoring of parameters related to the bearing temperature was carried out to find out causes for the high bearing temperature fault and came up with successful diagnosis by interrelating the gasturbine current lube oil test results of parameters like the kinematic viscosities, % concentration of additives and flash point with reference and standard VG46 lube oil data published in literature. Using statistical tools like the Pearson correlation and co-variant metrics for the five-years, the viscosities at 100oC and 40oC were selected as the input of the MLR model based on their Pearson coefficients of (-98.08%) and (-99.68%) respectively relative to the compressor bearing temperature and the covariance strength of the two parameters independently. The MLR model for the bearing temperature prediction gave a root mean square error of 0.121 and coefficient of determination(R2) of 99.71%. The model predicts that by the 2nd quarter of 2025, the bearing temperature would have reached the alarm point(900C) from the current value of 850C and that by the 1st quarter of 2027, the bearing temperature would have reached the trip point (1200C). Conclusion reached is that a well formulated data driven model can reliably forecast bearing temperature and together with sensors aid in gasturbine condition monitoring. Likewise, it is concluded that shearing due to the consistent high temperature operation of the gasturbine lube oil is responsible for the depletion of the Zinc(-23.9%) and Magnesium(-26%) additives leading to the decay in the viscosity and consequent bearing temperature increment. Recommendation made is to either replenish oil with antiwear additives or completely replace the oil to minimize the bearing wear rate and thus the bearing temperature.
{"title":"Gas Turbine Bearing Temperature Monitoring via Regression Modelling","authors":"Abubakar Kandi Mohammed, I. Ozigis, N. Lawal","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.10-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.10-j","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on using Regression technique (MLR) towards finding solution to incidence of high compressor bearing temperature on one of the units at Geregu power plant in Ajaokuta, Nigeria. Monitoring of parameters related to the bearing temperature was carried out to find out causes for the high bearing temperature fault and came up with successful diagnosis by interrelating the gasturbine current lube oil test results of parameters like the kinematic viscosities, % concentration of additives and flash point with reference and standard VG46 lube oil data published in literature. Using statistical tools like the Pearson correlation and co-variant metrics for the five-years, the viscosities at 100oC and 40oC were selected as the input of the MLR model based on their Pearson coefficients of (-98.08%) and (-99.68%) respectively relative to the compressor bearing temperature and the covariance strength of the two parameters independently. The MLR model for the bearing temperature prediction gave a root mean square error of 0.121 and coefficient of determination(R2) of 99.71%. The model predicts that by the 2nd quarter of 2025, the bearing temperature would have reached the alarm point(900C) from the current value of 850C and that by the 1st quarter of 2027, the bearing temperature would have reached the trip point (1200C). Conclusion reached is that a well formulated data driven model can reliably forecast bearing temperature and together with sensors aid in gasturbine condition monitoring. Likewise, it is concluded that shearing due to the consistent high temperature operation of the gasturbine lube oil is responsible for the depletion of the Zinc(-23.9%) and Magnesium(-26%) additives leading to the decay in the viscosity and consequent bearing temperature increment. Recommendation made is to either replenish oil with antiwear additives or completely replace the oil to minimize the bearing wear rate and thus the bearing temperature.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128849109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.09-j
W. Ahiara, C. Ihekweaba
To acquiesce to the increase in territorial invasion of communities by hoodlums, bandits and kidnappers everyday, some communities have resorted to engage the services of security agents or guards to watch over and alert them in the case of any security breach. However, the neighborhoods found in some locations especially, in the rural areas impact on the cost of employing guards, and the consequent disagreement amongst residents in the neighborhood security meeting. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based system for alerting residents in a neighborhood as well as reporting the actual location of a particular neighbor in distress. To achieve this, a hardware system based on NodeMCU microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi chip for internet routing is designed. Communication is established remotely between the hardware system and the cloud through the server Application Programming Interface (API) that utilizes cloud resources such as Short Message Service (SMS) gateway and Google map API to craft SMS and fetch location coordinate from Google map Uniform Resource Location (URL) respectively. This piece of information is then displayed on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) device on users’ machine and mobile phones in real time for notification. The test carried out shows that the developed system is reliable and affordable for use in a neighborhood.
{"title":"Implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) Based Neighborhood Distress Alert System","authors":"W. Ahiara, C. Ihekweaba","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.09-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.09-j","url":null,"abstract":"To acquiesce to the increase in territorial invasion of communities by hoodlums, bandits and kidnappers everyday, some communities have resorted to engage the services of security agents or guards to watch over and alert them in the case of any security breach. However, the neighborhoods found in some locations especially, in the rural areas impact on the cost of employing guards, and the consequent disagreement amongst residents in the neighborhood security meeting. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based system for alerting residents in a neighborhood as well as reporting the actual location of a particular neighbor in distress. To achieve this, a hardware system based on NodeMCU microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi chip for internet routing is designed. Communication is established remotely between the hardware system and the cloud through the server Application Programming Interface (API) that utilizes cloud resources such as Short Message Service (SMS) gateway and Google map API to craft SMS and fetch location coordinate from Google map Uniform Resource Location (URL) respectively. This piece of information is then displayed on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) device on users’ machine and mobile phones in real time for notification. The test carried out shows that the developed system is reliable and affordable for use in a neighborhood.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131933723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.08-j
O. Ogunbiyi, Oloruntoba Christopher Mohammed, Lambe Mutalub Adesina
Analog weighing scales suffer from a lack of precision while reading the output and they can easily be manipulated by any technically biased individual. This paper presents the development of an automated estimating electronic weighing indicator. It aims at developing a means to a framework to evaluate estimated weight in analogue to digital forms, such as to obtain higher precision in estimation and calibration. The circuit consists of a Load Cell, Hx711 Load Cell amplifier, Atmega328 microcontroller, LCD module and a few additional glue components. The 20 kg load cell sends signals of the projected loads to the Hx711 module, which magnifies and sends the corresponding output to the microcontroller. The system uses the 4x3 keyboard to input the unit cost per kg to the electronic scale. The microcontroller automatically adjusts the signals with the load cell amplifier module's guide, thus sending the estimated cost in digital form to the LCD module for display. The circuit was designed, constructed, and tested to show that a computerized electronic weighing system can accurately be calibrated without errors.
{"title":"Development of an Automated Estimating Electronic Weighing Scale","authors":"O. Ogunbiyi, Oloruntoba Christopher Mohammed, Lambe Mutalub Adesina","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.08-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.08-j","url":null,"abstract":"Analog weighing scales suffer from a lack of precision while reading the output and they can easily be manipulated by any technically biased individual. This paper presents the development of an automated estimating electronic weighing indicator. It aims at developing a means to a framework to evaluate estimated weight in analogue to digital forms, such as to obtain higher precision in estimation and calibration. The circuit consists of a Load Cell, Hx711 Load Cell amplifier, Atmega328 microcontroller, LCD module and a few additional glue components. The 20 kg load cell sends signals of the projected loads to the Hx711 module, which magnifies and sends the corresponding output to the microcontroller. The system uses the 4x3 keyboard to input the unit cost per kg to the electronic scale. The microcontroller automatically adjusts the signals with the load cell amplifier module's guide, thus sending the estimated cost in digital form to the LCD module for display. The circuit was designed, constructed, and tested to show that a computerized electronic weighing system can accurately be calibrated without errors.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124608440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.07-j
Nnamdi S. Okomba, Adebimpe O. Esan, B. Omodunbi, Adedayo Sobowale, O. Adanigbo
As automation technology keeps advancing, the future of modern homes is continually changing from manual system into automatic ones that include remote control process. A Conventional means of accessing home electronic appliances are rigid and demands user presence to attend to different locations of such appliances before they can be used, this can be stressful for the elderly, the cripples, and provides limited ease of operation for everyone. The need for wireless communication function of the home appliances becomes very important in order to increase the flexibility of accessing them remotely by a user. The main aim of the paper is to develop a smart home automation system, for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely using android based phone app. An ESP8266 microcontroller was interfaced to a servo motor that controls door movement and also to an AC bulb through a relay at the signal receiver end of the system. An MIT application inventor platform was used to build a mobile app on an android phone at the signal transmitter end of the system; this enables the transmission of on and off signals to the receiver end through Wi-Fi connection to access the connected loads (door and lamp). This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of the system. The prototype of the home automation is implemented and tested on hardware and it gave the exact an expected result.
{"title":"Development of an Android Based Home Automation System","authors":"Nnamdi S. Okomba, Adebimpe O. Esan, B. Omodunbi, Adedayo Sobowale, O. Adanigbo","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.07-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.07-j","url":null,"abstract":"As automation technology keeps advancing, the future of modern homes is continually changing from manual system into automatic ones that include remote control process. A Conventional means of accessing home electronic appliances are rigid and demands user presence to attend to different locations of such appliances before they can be used, this can be stressful for the elderly, the cripples, and provides limited ease of operation for everyone. The need for wireless communication function of the home appliances becomes very important in order to increase the flexibility of accessing them remotely by a user. The main aim of the paper is to develop a smart home automation system, for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely using android based phone app. An ESP8266 microcontroller was interfaced to a servo motor that controls door movement and also to an AC bulb through a relay at the signal receiver end of the system. An MIT application inventor platform was used to build a mobile app on an android phone at the signal transmitter end of the system; this enables the transmission of on and off signals to the receiver end through Wi-Fi connection to access the connected loads (door and lamp). This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of the system. The prototype of the home automation is implemented and tested on hardware and it gave the exact an expected result.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.06-j
A. Jock, Francis Asokogene Oluwadayo
The presence of heavy metal contaminants in wastewater effluents has become a great threat to living creatures and the environment. In this study, the application of thermodynamics and column studies for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ metal ions removal in multicomponent aqueous solution using low-cost bentonite clay was investigated. Evaluation of enthalpy (∆Ho), entropy (∆So) and Gibbs free energy (∆Go) revealed that heavy metals adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous as temperature increased from 30 to 65 oC. The column performance was determined at 0.05m adsorbent bed depth, 0.023 and 0.04 mL/s flow rates. The influent concentration was 10 and 50 ppm while the breakthrough time was between 0.83 and 8 hr. The maximum uptake of metal ions was 2.2 mg/g for Pb(II), Mn(II) was 0.4 mg/g and 1.7 mg/g for Cd(II). The result showed the potential of bentonite clay as a candidate for toxic metal ions adsorption in wastewater.
{"title":"Application of Adsorption Thermodynamics and Column Studies for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ Ions Removal in Multicomponents Model Solution Using Low-Cost Bentonite Clay Adsorbent","authors":"A. Jock, Francis Asokogene Oluwadayo","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.06-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.06-j","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metal contaminants in wastewater effluents has become a great threat to living creatures and the environment. In this study, the application of thermodynamics and column studies for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ metal ions removal in multicomponent aqueous solution using low-cost bentonite clay was investigated. Evaluation of enthalpy (∆Ho), entropy (∆So) and Gibbs free energy (∆Go) revealed that heavy metals adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous as temperature increased from 30 to 65 oC. The column performance was determined at 0.05m adsorbent bed depth, 0.023 and 0.04 mL/s flow rates. The influent concentration was 10 and 50 ppm while the breakthrough time was between 0.83 and 8 hr. The maximum uptake of metal ions was 2.2 mg/g for Pb(II), Mn(II) was 0.4 mg/g and 1.7 mg/g for Cd(II). The result showed the potential of bentonite clay as a candidate for toxic metal ions adsorption in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126509681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.05-j
P. A. Ondachi, I. Ozigis, M. T. Zarmai
Physical and chemical composition analyses of Abuja’s municipal solid waste samples have been carried out in this study. Laboratory procedures were employed to determine the higher calorific value, the proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of MSW samples from selected districts of Abuja metropolis. An analytical methodology was therefore employed to determine whether the city’s MSW will be good resource for energy generation as a strategy for effective waste management. Abuja’s MSW has an aggregate higher heating value of 38.13MJ/kg. Moisture content of less than 8% obtained for all the samples compares very well with values for Nigerian coals. Volatile matter was found to be above than 60% for each samples tested while fixed carbon was determined to be less than 26% for each sample. The MSW samples gave excellent results for ash content of less than 4% when compared to most Nigerian coals with minimum ash content of 10.72%. The ultimate analysis shows the MSW samples compares fairly well with Nigerian coal samples in terms of elemental carbon, the least value being 41.80%. The least value for elemental carbon in most coal samples is 53.27%. Also, the sulphur content of the MSW samples is much less (not higher than 0.15%), compared with the least value of 0.58% for the coal samples. All the factors considered above indicate that the Abuja’s MSW will perform very well as a primary solid fuel when incinerated for energy recovery. The economic significance of this study lies in the confirmation that Abuja’s MSW is a good and cheap source of energy for electric power generation, replacing the expensive fossil fuel sources with their attendant hazardous emission to the environment. This will make the study area to be a cleaner and healthier environment.
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