Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.04-j
M. Lawal, Abdulkabir Kayode Olawole
This work sets up four photovoltaic(PV)-based solar power systems with adjustable solar panel inclination angle stands. It also varies the inclination angle of the solar panel every five days while recording daily energy delivered by the panels. The study finally compares the output energy recorded for different angles. This was done with a view to studying the effect of building roof inclination on the energy deliverable by solar panel installed on it. The set up consists of PV-based solar power systems with adjustable inclination angle stands for four 10 W solar panels which are on the same axis. Each solar panel was connected to a 42 Ah battery through multimeter and charge controller. A 25 W load was used to discharge the battery at night to allow fresh charge from the panels during the day. The multimeter was used to monitor the daily energy delivered. The solar panels were subjected to 0°, 25°, 50° and 75° inclination angles and faced to South direction at the Renewable Energy Laboratory, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria. Data were recorded daily for 20 days by subjecting all panels to the considered angles for five days. The results obtained showed that the average energy delivered by panels installed at the stated inclination angles are 35.35 Wh, 32.25 Wh, 24.1 Wh and 13.95 Wh, respectively. This means that, for a specific building energy need, the steeper the roof (intended for panel installation), the more the amount of solar panel required to meet such energy. The results also showed various expressions that can be used to estimate daily average sun hour (ASH) based on roof inclination. For example, the estimated daily (ASH) for Osogbo and environs can be taken to be 4.22 hour, 3.15 hour and 1.82 hour for 25°, 50° and 75° roof inclinations, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Roof Inclination on Solar Panel’s Energy Output in a South-Western Nigerian City","authors":"M. Lawal, Abdulkabir Kayode Olawole","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.04-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.04-j","url":null,"abstract":"This work sets up four photovoltaic(PV)-based solar power systems with adjustable solar panel inclination angle stands. It also varies the inclination angle of the solar panel every five days while recording daily energy delivered by the panels. The study finally compares the output energy recorded for different angles. This was done with a view to studying the effect of building roof inclination on the energy deliverable by solar panel installed on it. The set up consists of PV-based solar power systems with adjustable inclination angle stands for four 10 W solar panels which are on the same axis. Each solar panel was connected to a 42 Ah battery through multimeter and charge controller. A 25 W load was used to discharge the battery at night to allow fresh charge from the panels during the day. The multimeter was used to monitor the daily energy delivered. The solar panels were subjected to 0°, 25°, 50° and 75° inclination angles and faced to South direction at the Renewable Energy Laboratory, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria. Data were recorded daily for 20 days by subjecting all panels to the considered angles for five days. The results obtained showed that the average energy delivered by panels installed at the stated inclination angles are 35.35 Wh, 32.25 Wh, 24.1 Wh and 13.95 Wh, respectively. This means that, for a specific building energy need, the steeper the roof (intended for panel installation), the more the amount of solar panel required to meet such energy. The results also showed various expressions that can be used to estimate daily average sun hour (ASH) based on roof inclination. For example, the estimated daily (ASH) for Osogbo and environs can be taken to be 4.22 hour, 3.15 hour and 1.82 hour for 25°, 50° and 75° roof inclinations, respectively.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.03-j
Taofeek Olanrewaju Adebobola, Adewole Oyewale Adetunmbi, O. Omoniyi
Most manufacturing industries in Nigeria are currently experiencing hardship due to the high increase in price of diesel for fuelling the generating sets as alternate power supply because of epileptic power supply in the country. This has led to many industries relocating outside the country, loss of job and increment in price of goods and services. The aim of the study is to examine the threat facing the Nigerian manufacturing industries using generating sets as their alternate source of power. Some industries were considered in this research and in which some of the challenges facing the industry were itemized. Part of these problems includes; cost of fuelling and maintaining the generators, down time by the generating sets when there is break down of equipment and facilities, inability to satisfy the customer’s needs on time due to irregular power supply. This research established the amount of fuel used by each of these industries visited to power their generators daily, weekly, monthly and also yearly, compared with the amount paid to Distribution Company (public utility). But these industries couldn’t depend solely on the public utility power for their operations due to the epileptic power supply in the country. Hence, the necessity for a steady power supply using public utility is very important thereby reducing the cost of fuelling of generating set and cost of production of goods and services.
{"title":"Cost Challenges Facing Nigerian Manufacturing Industries Using Generating Sets as Main Source of Power Supply","authors":"Taofeek Olanrewaju Adebobola, Adewole Oyewale Adetunmbi, O. Omoniyi","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.03-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.03-j","url":null,"abstract":"Most manufacturing industries in Nigeria are currently experiencing hardship due to the high increase in price of diesel for fuelling the generating sets as alternate power supply because of epileptic power supply in the country. This has led to many industries relocating outside the country, loss of job and increment in price of goods and services. The aim of the study is to examine the threat facing the Nigerian manufacturing industries using generating sets as their alternate source of power. Some industries were considered in this research and in which some of the challenges facing the industry were itemized. Part of these problems includes; cost of fuelling and maintaining the generators, down time by the generating sets when there is break down of equipment and facilities, inability to satisfy the customer’s needs on time due to irregular power supply. This research established the amount of fuel used by each of these industries visited to power their generators daily, weekly, monthly and also yearly, compared with the amount paid to Distribution Company (public utility). But these industries couldn’t depend solely on the public utility power for their operations due to the epileptic power supply in the country. Hence, the necessity for a steady power supply using public utility is very important thereby reducing the cost of fuelling of generating set and cost of production of goods and services.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133649179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.02-j
O. K. Ogidan, J. O. Ogunniyi, Abisola Tedimola
Temperature spike during ovulation is one of the methods of detecting ovulation in women thus aiding fertility awareness. Some of the methods of ovulation detection are intrusive while some methods of temperature measurements are not convenient especially when temperature has to be measured for a long period of time. This research is therefore focused on development of on-the-skin temperature measuring devices using locally available tools and human resources; provision of a non-intrusive temperature measuring device that is convenient for use especially when temperature has to be measured for a long period of time and validation of the developed device with other standard measuring tools as a potential device for ovulation detection. Results obtained indicate that measurement of the automated temperature device calibrated against standard mercury-in-glass thermometer returned a correlation coefficient of 0.790996276; comparison with clinical and infrared thermometer revealed that 45 percent of the 50 respondents subscribed to the use of the device due to the comfort experienced and ease of use. The research concludes that human skin can be a possible means of obtaining accurate temperature with potential for ovulation detection. The developed device is convenient, non-intrusive, portable and easy to use especially when thermometer needs to be held in place to measure temperature for a period of time. Other possible applications include temperature measurements for special needs such as babies, the aged and the physically challenged.
{"title":"Development of an Automated Temperature Measuring Device: A Potential Tool for Ovulation Detection","authors":"O. K. Ogidan, J. O. Ogunniyi, Abisola Tedimola","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.02-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.02-j","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature spike during ovulation is one of the methods of detecting ovulation in women thus aiding fertility awareness. Some of the methods of ovulation detection are intrusive while some methods of temperature measurements are not convenient especially when temperature has to be measured for a long period of time. This research is therefore focused on development of on-the-skin temperature measuring devices using locally available tools and human resources; provision of a non-intrusive temperature measuring device that is convenient for use especially when temperature has to be measured for a long period of time and validation of the developed device with other standard measuring tools as a potential device for ovulation detection. Results obtained indicate that measurement of the automated temperature device calibrated against standard mercury-in-glass thermometer returned a correlation coefficient of 0.790996276; comparison with clinical and infrared thermometer revealed that 45 percent of the 50 respondents subscribed to the use of the device due to the comfort experienced and ease of use. The research concludes that human skin can be a possible means of obtaining accurate temperature with potential for ovulation detection. The developed device is convenient, non-intrusive, portable and easy to use especially when thermometer needs to be held in place to measure temperature for a period of time. Other possible applications include temperature measurements for special needs such as babies, the aged and the physically challenged.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129684461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.01-j
L. U. Anih, E. O. Agbachi, E. Obe
This paper presents a hybrid synchronous machine with ultra-high XD/XQ ratio. A conventional synchronous machine has two components of output power; the excitation and the reluctance component. The reluctance power which depends on the saliency ratio (XD/XQ ) is negligible when compared with the excitation component. A hybrid machine with variable XD/XQ ratio has the capability of raising the reluctance component of the power to infinity theoretically. The stator frame of the hybrid machine is stacked with two identical cylindrical cores (A, B) that are magnetically isolated. A hybridised rotor; salient cum cylindrical is used. There are two windings on the stator core stacks identifiable as the main and control windings respectively which are electrically isolated but magnetically coupled. The main windings are connected in series across the two stacks (A and B) and the terminals connected to the utility supply for motor operation while for generator, the terminals feed the load busbar. The control windings are transposed in passing from one stack to the other and terminated across a balanced adjustable capacitor bank. It is shown that the quadrature axis reactance (XQ) of the hybrid machine can be adjusted from zero to infinity (0<=XQ<=inf.) theoretically by varying the balanced adjustable capacitor bank. The reluctance component of the output power of the machine which depends on the reactance ratio (XD/XQ ) is also seen to theoretically increase to infinity. The reluctance power is shown to be twice the excitation power when the capacitor of 800uf is connected to the control winding. Depending on the value of the capacitive reactance, the reluctance power can be made even ten times the excitation power.
{"title":"Dynamic Performance of a Hybrid Synchronous Machine with Ultra-High XD/XQ Ratio","authors":"L. U. Anih, E. O. Agbachi, E. Obe","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.01-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0601.01-j","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hybrid synchronous machine with ultra-high XD/XQ ratio. A conventional synchronous machine has two components of output power; the excitation and the reluctance component. The reluctance power which depends on the saliency ratio (XD/XQ ) is negligible when compared with the excitation component. A hybrid machine with variable XD/XQ ratio has the capability of raising the reluctance component of the power to infinity theoretically. The stator frame of the hybrid machine is stacked with two identical cylindrical cores (A, B) that are magnetically isolated. A hybridised rotor; salient cum cylindrical is used. There are two windings on the stator core stacks identifiable as the main and control windings respectively which are electrically isolated but magnetically coupled. The main windings are connected in series across the two stacks (A and B) and the terminals connected to the utility supply for motor operation while for generator, the terminals feed the load busbar. The control windings are transposed in passing from one stack to the other and terminated across a balanced adjustable capacitor bank. It is shown that the quadrature axis reactance (XQ) of the hybrid machine can be adjusted from zero to infinity (0<=XQ<=inf.) theoretically by varying the balanced adjustable capacitor bank. The reluctance component of the output power of the machine which depends on the reactance ratio (XD/XQ ) is also seen to theoretically increase to infinity. The reluctance power is shown to be twice the excitation power when the capacitor of 800uf is connected to the control winding. Depending on the value of the capacitive reactance, the reluctance power can be made even ten times the excitation power.","PeriodicalId":394198,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126530298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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