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Introduction: Indigenizing the Eighteenth-Century American South 简介:18世纪美国南部的本土化
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0011
Alejandra Dubcovsky, Bryan C. Rindfleisch
Abstract:This essay introduces the cluster, "Indigenizing the Eighteenth-Century American South," and shows how its contributions embody the ways in which Native American history and its study continue to reshape our understandings of the American South and the eighteenth century more broadly. The most predominant thread connecting the essays is that of gender, specifically how gender roles and contrasting ideas of femininity and masculinity informed and determined the interactions between Native Peoples and Euro-Americans within the eighteenth century South. Another theme running through the cluster is the longue durée, connecting the deep history of the American South and its peoples to the gendered colonialism that continues to shape the lives of Native American communities today. Altogether, these essays push the envelope of scholars' understandings of the American South and the eighteenth century by privileging and recentering Native epistemologies and practices at the heart of their work and reminding scholars of the explanatory power that Indigenous peoples, their histories, and their stories can provide for seeing into the eighteenth-century past.
摘要:本文介绍了题为“18世纪美国南方的本土化”的集群,并展示了其贡献如何体现美国原住民历史及其研究继续重塑我们对美国南方和18世纪更广泛理解的方式。连接这些文章的最主要的线索是性别,特别是性别角色和女性气质和男性气质的对比思想如何影响和决定了18世纪南方原住民和欧洲裔美国人之间的互动。贯穿该集群的另一个主题是漫长的历史,将美国南方及其人民的深厚历史与性别殖民主义联系起来,这种殖民主义继续塑造着当今美国原住民社区的生活。总之,这些文章将土著人的认识论和实践置于其工作的核心,并提醒学者土著人民、他们的历史和他们的故事可以为了解18世纪的过去提供解释力,从而突破了学者们对美国南部和18世纪的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Congo Winckelmann: Exploring African Art History in the Age of White Marble 刚果温克尔曼:探索白色大理石时代的非洲艺术史
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0001
Anne Lafont, O. Grlic
Abstract:This essay focuses on the emergence of a history of African art in the broadest possible sense and insofar as it merges with the notion of Blackness and diasporic African objects and images. Employing a wide range of sources that go beyond writings on art per se, I explore the following questions: did something like African Art History exist in the long eighteenth century? What kind of epistemological torsions are needed to consider an African Art History of the Enlightenment? My aim is to identify and understand what could be considered the beginnings of a history of African art in a set of European texts interested in Africa, including travel writing, scientific inquiries, and discourses on art. The scholarship on the history of Art History has paid considerable attention to the construction of art theory, art criticism, academic institutions, Whiteness, and the development of archaeology in the mid-eighteenth century. This essay attempts to push this knowledge forward by arguing that there was, at the same time, a construction of Blackness, both as a narrow counterpart to Whiteness and, more generally, as a process for inscribing African objects, materials, and rituals into the realm of Western fine arts.
摘要:这篇文章的重点是在最广泛的意义上非洲艺术史的出现,因为它与黑人和流散的非洲物体和图像的概念相融合。我使用了广泛的来源,超越了艺术本身的写作,我探索了以下问题:在漫长的18世纪,像非洲艺术史这样的东西存在吗?考虑启蒙运动的非洲艺术史需要什么样的认识论上的扭曲?我的目的是在一组对非洲感兴趣的欧洲文本中识别和理解什么可以被认为是非洲艺术史的开端,这些文本包括旅行写作、科学调查和艺术演讲。艺术史研究对18世纪中期艺术理论的建构、艺术批评、学术机构、白度和考古学的发展给予了相当大的关注。这篇文章试图推进这一认识,通过论证,在同一时间,有一个黑色的结构,既是一个狭隘的对应物的白色,更广泛地说,作为一个过程,将非洲的物品,材料,和仪式进入西方美术领域。
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引用次数: 0
Unsettling our Classrooms 扰乱我们的教室
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0007
Elizabeth Hutchinson
Abstract:This brief essay argues that it is impossible to decolonize universities and museums. Building on the critical work of Sandy Grande, Amy Lonetree, and Robin D. G. Kelley, it proposes that the academy and museums, as inherently colonial institutions, reproduce the injustices they seek to remedy through neoliberal attempts at reform. Grande, building on the work of Audra Simpson, calls for a "refusal" of the institution. I then turn to Tuck and Yang's notion of "unsettling" to explore how we can resist the appropriation of Indigeneity in settler institutions and instead make room for cultural incommensurability. I explore a range of strategies, including "citational rebellion" and bringing BIPOC scholars, artists, and knowledge-keepers into the classroom (or going to visit them). In addition, collaborative research and assessment can help students with a range of identities consider the most meaningful ways to work with course materials and with each other. The essay seeks to model this approach by grounding its analysis in the words of Indigenous feminist scholars including Zoë Todd, Vanessa Watts, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, and Linda Tuhiwai Smith.
摘要:本文认为大学和博物馆的非殖民化是不可能的。在桑迪·格兰德(Sandy Grande)、艾米·洛内特里(Amy Lonetree)和罗宾·d·g·凯利(Robin D. G. Kelley)的重要著作的基础上,该书提出,学院和博物馆作为固有的殖民机构,再现了它们试图通过新自由主义改革来补救的不公正。格兰德以奥德拉•辛普森(Audra Simpson)的工作为基础,呼吁“拒绝”该机构。然后,我转向塔克和杨的“令人不安”的概念,探讨我们如何在定居者制度中抵制对土著的挪用,而是为文化不可通约性腾出空间。我探索了一系列策略,包括“引用反叛”,并将BIPOC学者,艺术家和知识保持者带入教室(或去拜访他们)。此外,合作研究和评估可以帮助具有各种身份的学生考虑最有意义的方法来使用课程材料和彼此合作。本文试图以Zoë Todd、Vanessa Watts、Leanne Betasamosake Simpson和Linda Tuhiwai Smith等土著女权主义学者的话语为基础,对这一方法进行分析。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonizing Eighteenth-Century Studies: An Indigenous Perspective 十八世纪非殖民化研究:本土视角
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0004
R. Richardson
Abstract:This essay considers the limitations of recent attempts to "decolonize" universities and academic disciplines through gestures such as land acknowledgements. It argues that such superficial engagements with Indigenous history and presence are easily appropriated by the neoliberal university and corporate world and do little for Indigenous communities. Further, academics, both Indigenous and otherwise, can potentially individualize critique to further their careers, while communities continue to struggle. Ultimately academics who are seriously interested in decolonization, whatever that ultimately means, must engage with Indigenous thought, living communities, and material political commitments.
摘要:本文考虑了最近通过土地承认等姿态“去殖民化”大学和学科的尝试的局限性。它认为,这种与土著历史和存在的肤浅接触很容易被新自由主义大学和企业界所利用,对土著社区没有什么帮助。此外,学者,无论是本土的还是其他的,都有可能在社区继续挣扎的时候,将批评个人化,以促进他们的职业发展。最终,真正对去殖民化感兴趣的学者,无论这最终意味着什么,都必须参与土著思想、生活社区和物质政治承诺。
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引用次数: 0
Maria Theresia Paradis and Blindness as Opportunity 《天堂玛利亚·特蕾西亚》和《失明即机遇
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0022
Waltraud Maierhofer
Abstract:Maria Theresia Paradis (1759–1824) was a teenage piano prodigy and one of the very few female composers of any acclaim before the nineteenth century. She was a Wunderkind not only because she was female, but also because she was blind, or at least severely visually impaired. This brief essay argues that the more important Wunder exemplified by Paradis was not her early performance career, but rather the fact that her career stretched well into adulthood. Paradis has traditionally been seen as a pitiable victim of her impairment. I instead contend that she escaped the constraints of middle-class gender roles. Her accomplishments as an organizer of dilettante academies and the director of a private music school deserve far more recognition.
摘要:玛丽亚·特蕾西亚·帕拉迪斯(1759-1824)是一位十几岁的钢琴神童,也是十九世纪之前为数不多的获得赞誉的女性作曲家之一。她之所以是神童,不仅因为她是女性,还因为她是盲人,或者至少是严重的视障。这篇短文认为,Paradis所代表的更重要的Wunder并不是她早期的表演生涯,而是她的职业生涯一直延续到成年。传统上,Paradis被视为其残疾的可怜受害者。相反,我认为她逃脱了中产阶级性别角色的限制。作为业余音乐学院的组织者和一所私立音乐学校的校长,她的成就值得更多的认可。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Biography and the Woman Writer Revisited 简介:《传记与女作家重访》
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0023
Elizabeth Neiman, Yael Shapira
Abstract:The introduction offers a historical and conceptual frame for the four essays that make up the cluster on biography and women writers. We discuss the disputed status of biographical criticism in the 1980s and 1990s, when it became a crux of disagreement between poststructuralist and feminist theorists, as well as the lingering questions and dilemmas that biography raises in more recent scholarship on women's literature. Surveying the arguments of the four contributions to the cluster, the introduction stresses the particular turns that biographical criticism has taken at the present moment of inquiry into women's literary history, such as the unique challenges posed by the study of obscure and forgotten women and the fruitful effects of recent collaborative approaches. We also emphasize the particular utility of biography as a tool to access hidden areas of women's literary activity and a means of questioning the narratives that have solidified around canonical women authors.
摘要:引言部分为四篇关于传记和女性作家的论文提供了一个历史和概念框架。我们讨论了传记批评在20世纪80年代和90年代有争议的地位,当时它成为后结构主义和女权主义理论家之间分歧的关键,以及传记在最近的女性文学研究中提出的挥之不去的问题和困境。引言部分考察了这四篇论文的观点,强调了传记批评在研究女性文学史的当下所采取的特殊转变,比如对默默无闻和被遗忘的女性的研究所带来的独特挑战,以及最近合作方法的丰硕成果。我们还强调传记作为一种工具的特殊效用,作为一种工具,可以进入女性文学活动的隐藏领域,也是一种质疑围绕着权威女性作家的固化叙事的手段。
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引用次数: 0
On the Playing Cards of the Dulac Brothers in the Year II 论杜拉克兄弟的第二年扑克牌
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0028
J. Ravel
Abstract:On 18 Frimaire of the Year II (8 December 1793), the Committee of Public Safety in Paris issued an arrest warrant for Charles Dulac, a young officer in the revolutionary armies. During the arrest, revolutionary guards seized over 200 papers in Dulac's possession, many of which were written by his older brother Gregory, who was also a military officer. Curiously, they also impounded 120 playing cards, on the backs of which Gregory had scribbled observations on moral philosophy, politics, and civic duty. These cards represent a self-curated snapshot of a cultural heritage that resonated with these two young men, a type of evidence that is more revealing of their intellectual and emotional predispositions than if the guards had found the collected works of Rousseau or Voltaire or the complete Encyclopédie in their Parisian apartment. The writings on these 120 playing cards help to illuminate the unexpected experiences of the brothers during the French Revolution. In their ability to evoke the mundane as well as the profound, used playing cards like the ones found in the possession of Gregory and Charles Dulac offer insight into the material and intellectual worlds of individuals who lived through revolutionary upheaval at the end of the eighteenth century.
摘要:第二年5月18日(1793年12月8日),巴黎公共安全委员会对革命军队中的一名年轻军官查尔斯·杜拉克发出了逮捕令。在逮捕期间,革命卫队缴获了杜拉克持有的200多份文件,其中许多是他的哥哥格雷戈里写的,格雷戈里也是一名军官。奇怪的是,他们还扣押了120张扑克牌,格雷戈里在这些扑克牌的背面潦草地写下了对道德哲学、政治和公民义务的看法。这些卡片代表了一个自己策划的文化遗产快照,引起了这两个年轻人的共鸣,这类证据比警卫在他们巴黎的公寓里发现卢梭或伏尔泰的收藏作品或完整的百科全书更能揭示他们的智力和情感倾向。这120张扑克牌上的文字有助于阐明兄弟俩在法国大革命期间的意外经历。格雷戈里(Gregory)和查尔斯·杜拉克(Charles Dulac。
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引用次数: 0
Notes on Abolitionist Pedagogy from Philadelphia 《费城废奴主义教育学札记》
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0005
Chi-ming Yang
Abstract:Rooted in Arundhati Roy's insistence that "the pandemic is a portal" through which to imagine a world beyond the current crises of racial capitalism, this essay reflects on what abolitionist pedagogy might mean by offering an account of the author's own institutional location and of her students' engagements with activists, artists, and community members who draw crucial connections between the University of Pennsylvania's material relation to the city of Philadelphia and the ongoing reality of racialized criminalization that is a legacy of the eighteenth century. Building on this situated example of abolitionist pedagogy, the essay offers a broader model for how the intellectual, social, and material practice of eighteenth-century studies might be more actively engaged with local social-justice struggles, which are not separate from the eighteenth-century histories we study. The essay attends to the material locations of academic work, from the hotels that host our conferences to the universities that employ (or don't employ) us as scholars.
摘要:Arundhati Roy坚持认为“流行病是一个门户”,通过它可以想象一个超越当前种族资本主义危机的世界,本文通过对作者自己的机构位置以及她的学生与活动家,艺术家,以及社区成员,他们将宾夕法尼亚大学与费城的物质关系与18世纪遗留下来的种族化刑事定罪的持续现实联系起来。基于这个废奴主义教学法的例子,本文提供了一个更广泛的模型,说明18世纪研究的智力、社会和物质实践如何更积极地参与当地的社会正义斗争,这些斗争与我们研究的18世纪历史并没有分离。这篇文章关注学术工作的主要地点,从主办我们会议的酒店到雇佣(或不雇佣)我们作为学者的大学。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: The Deserted Village at 250 简介:250的荒村
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0032
Michael Griffin, D. O'Shaughnessy
Abstract:This essay introduces a cluster marking the 250th anniversary of the publication of Oliver Goldsmith's The Deserted Village. It summarizes the three contributions to the cluster, which explore approaches to the poem as varied as its acoustics, the history of its illustration, and its intertextual resonance with other important eighteenth-century literary works. We build on John Montague's argument that the poem's appeal and relevance stem from its transcending local preoccupations in order to raise issues of international concern that are both historically specific and transhistorical.
摘要:本文介绍了奥利弗·戈德史密斯的《荒村》出版250周年纪念活动。它总结了对该集群的三个贡献,探索了这首诗的声学、插图的历史以及与其他18世纪重要文学作品的互文共鸣等多种方法。我们建立在约翰·蒙塔古的论点之上,即这首诗的吸引力和相关性源于它超越了当地的关注,从而提出了国际关注的问题,这些问题既有历史的具体性,也有跨历史的。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Decolonization and Eighteenth-Century Studies 导论:非殖民化和十八世纪研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1353/sec.2023.0002
E. Casey
Abstract:Calls to decolonize intellectual disciplines and their attendant institutions are predicated on the understanding that change only arises through a deconstruction of the very systems that construct knowledge. "Decolonization and Eighteenth-century Studies" takes up this project with a specific focus on eighteenth-century studies as a field of inquiry and on the American Society of Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS) as one of the principal learned societies in the field. This cluster participates in a recent move on the part of some eighteenth-century studies scholars to connect the field's temporal focus and major concerns—among them concepts of enlightenment and liberty; histories of colonialism, enslavement, and genocide; and cultural productions including literature, political and economic writing, works of art, and material culture—with the current conditions of academic scholarship. Together these essays treat the historic legacy of Western scholarship—an early modern structure for knowledge production, intellectual community, and pedagogy that was intertwined with capitalist and colonialist enterprises—as of a piece with its contemporary practitioners and output.
摘要:对知识学科及其附属机构的非殖民化的呼吁是基于这样一种理解,即只有通过解构构建知识的体系才能产生变化。“非殖民化与十八世纪研究”以十八世纪研究作为一个研究领域,以及美国十八世纪研究学会(ASECS)作为该领域的主要学术团体之一,展开了这一项目。这一群体参与了一些18世纪研究学者最近的一项行动,将该领域的时间焦点与主要关注点联系起来——其中包括启蒙和自由的概念;殖民主义、奴役和种族灭绝的历史;文化产品,包括文学,政治和经济写作,艺术作品和物质文化-以学术奖学金的现状。这些文章将西方学术的历史遗产——知识生产、知识社区和教育的早期现代结构与资本主义和殖民主义企业交织在一起——视为与其当代实践者和产出的一个整体。
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引用次数: 0
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Studies in Eighteenth Century Culture
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