NCHS data brief最新文献

Introduction: This report provides final 2023 mortality rates for suicide and shows changes in rates by age group, sex, and state of residency between 2022 and 2023.

Methods: This analysis used National Vital Statistics System underlying cause-of-death mortality data for 2003 through 2023 on CDC WONDER. Suicide deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes U03, X60-X84, and Y87.0. Age-adjusted and age-specific death rates (deaths per 100,000 population) were calculated, with differences tested using z tests for pairwise comparisons and Joinpoint software to evaluate trends.

Key findings: The overall age-adjusted suicide rate increased from 2003 (10.8 deaths per 100,000 population) to 2018 (14.2) but did not significantly change between 2018 and 2023 (14.1). From 2022 to 2023, the suicide rate increased for females age 75 and older and decreased for males age 75 and older. The age-adjusted suicide rate significantly changed from 2022 to 2023 for five states: increasing for Arkansas and decreasing for North Dakota, Iowa, Connecticut, and Arizona.

Introduction: This report presents the percentage of youth and adults in the United States who consume seafood at least twice per week by sex and family income during August 2021-August 2023 and in 10-year trends. The most commonly consumed types of seafood also are presented.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey August 2021-August 2023 were analyzed to estimate the percentage of youth ages 2-19 years and adults age 20 and older in the United States consuming seafood at least twice per week and determine the most common types of seafood consumed in the past 30 days. Differences between groups were tested using a univariate t statistic. Tests for linear and nonlinear trends by family income were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials, and trends over time were tested using polynomial regression models, accounting for the unequal spacing and lengths of survey cycles. The significance level for statistical testing was set at p < 0.05. Examination sample weights were used for 2013-2014 to 2017-March 2020 cycles to account for the differential probabilities of selection, nonresponse, and noncoverage. Day 1 dietary sample weights were used for the August 2021-August 2023 cycle to account for additional nonresponse due to a change in dietary data collection mode from in-person to over the phone.

Key findings: During August 2021-August 2023, 7.7% of youth and 24.3% of adults consumed seafood at least twice per week. The percentage of adults who consumed seafood at least twice per week increased with increasing family income and over time between 2013-2014 and August 2021-August 2023. No significant change was seen over time among youth. Among both youth and adults, shrimp, salmon, tuna, and "other fish" were the most commonly consumed types of seafood in the past 30 days.

Objective: This report compares results between survey analysis software and the National Cancer Institute Joinpoint Regression Software for trend analysis of survey data. The "National Center for Health Statistics Guidelines for Analysis of Trends" recommends that analysts use record-level data and survey analysis software to fit desired trend models of survey data. When changes in a trend will be assessed using piecewise regression models, the guidelines recommend that analysts use the most recent version of the Joinpoint software with aggregated data to identify the number and location of joinpoints, then survey analysis software with record-level data to obtain final slope estimates and to conduct tests of hypothesis for the model identified by the Joinpoint software. In practice, the Joinpoint software sometimes produces results that appear incongruent with those generated by the survey analysis software. The purpose of this report is to provide guidance for conducting trend analyses on NCHS survey data to handle and explain these apparent inconsistencies. This report should be considered a supplement to the "National Center for Health Statistics Guidelines for Analysis of Trends."

Methods: Cases were identified where apparent inconsistencies between the Joinpoint software and survey analysis software could occur. Plausible explanations for the apparent differences are discussed through text, examples, and frequently asked questions. Solutions are not provided; rather, recommendations, cautions, and additional information are provided to assist analysts in making the best decisions for their analysis and data.

Results: Most frequently, inconsistencies occur when the prespecified piecewise regression model provided by the Joinpoint software is estimated using survey analysis software and successive slopes are not statistically significantly different from one another, resulting in one or more joinpoints being removed from the final model. Potential explanations are divided into five main categories.

Introduction: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used to determine prevalence estimates for no, one, or two or more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (uncontrolled high blood pressure, uncontrolled high blood lipids, uncontrolled high mean blood glucose as measured with hemoglobin A1c, and high body mass index) in U.S. adults age 20 and older during August 2021-August 2023. Trends are also presented from 2013-2014 through August 2021-August 2023.

Methods: All participants age 20 and older with complete CVD risk factor data were included. Pregnant women were excluded. All analyses accounted for the survey's complex, multistage probability design. For August 2021-August 2023, differences in estimates between subgroups were tested using t tests. Polynomial regression models were used to test for linear and quadratic trends, accounting for unequal spacing and lengths of survey cycles. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 level.

Key findings: During August 2021-August 2023, 36.4% of adults had no CVD risk factors, 34.9% had one, and 28.7% had two or more. The prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors was higher in men than in women. The prevalence of no CVD risk factors decreased with age, and the prevalence of one CVD risk factor increased with age. Adults with family income of 350% or more of the federal poverty level had the highest prevalence of no CVD risk factors and the lowest prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors. From 2013-2014 to August 2021-August 2023, the prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors increased.

Introduction: This report describes the percentage of adults with diagnosed diabetes who were taking an injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist at the time of interview by selected characteristics, based on data from the 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Methods: Data from the 2024 NHIS were used for this analysis. Survey respondents were assumed to be using a GLP-1 injectable if they had diabetes and reported use of an injectable medication other than insulin to lower blood sugar or lose weight. Point estimates and the corresponding confidence intervals for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials.

Key findings: In 2024, the percentage of adults with diagnosed diabetes who used GLP-1 injectables was 26.5% and increased between those ages 18-34 (25.3%) to 50-64 (33.3%) and then decreased among those age 65 and older (20.8%). Hispanic (31.3%), Black non-Hispanic (26.5%), and White non-Hispanic (26.2%) adults with diagnosed diabetes were more likely than Asian non-Hispanic adults with diagnosed diabetes (12.1%) to use GLP-1 injectables. GLP-1 injectable use was higher among those with greater body mass index. Among adults with diagnosed diabetes, those who took insulin (31.3%) or oral glucose-lowering medications (28.1%) were more likely to use GLP-1 injectables compared with those who did not take those diabetic medications (24.5% and 22.2%, respectively).

Introduction: This report presents estimates about ultra-processed foods during August 2021-August 2023 by top caloric contributors and mean percentage of total calories from ultra-processed foods by sex, age, family income, and 10-year trends.

Methods: Data from the National Cancer Institute that categorizes foods as ultra-processed were linked with NHANES August 2021-August 2023 data to estimate the mean percent of calories from ultra-processed foods using the day 1 dietary recall interview. Differences between estimates overall, among subgroups, and compared to 2017-2018 were evaluated using t tests at the 0.05 level, and polynomial regression was used to test for linear and nonlinear trends, accounting for the unequal spacing of survey cycles. All analyses accounted for the complex, multistage probability design including the use of Day 1 dietary sample weights.

Key findings: Youth ages 1-18 years consumed a higher percent of calories from ultra-processed foods (61.9%) than adults age 19 and older (53.0%) during August 2021-August 2023. Sandwiches (including burgers), sweet bakery products, savory snacks, and sweetened beverages represented four of the top five sources of calories from ultra-processed foods among youth and adults. Between 2013-2014 and August 2021-August 2023, a decrease occurred in the consumption of mean calories from ultra-processed foods among adults. Keywords: Nova, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), caloric intake.

Introduction: Using 2022-2023 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) data on contraceptive use or nonuse in the month of the survey, this report provides a snapshot of current contraceptive status among females ages 15-49 in the United States.

Methods: Data from the 5,586 females surveyed in the 2022-2023 NSFG were used in this report. Statistics for this report were produced using SAS-callable SUDAAN software version 11.0.3 to account for the complex sample design of NSFG. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-tailed t tests at the 5% level. Linear and quadratic trends were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials.

Key findings: In 2022-2023, 54.3% of females ages 15-49 in the United States were currently using contraception. The most common contraceptive methods currently being used were female sterilization (11.5%); oral contraceptive pills (11.4%); long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), which include contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs) (10.5%); and the male condom (7.1%).

Objectives: This report describes changes from 2022 to 2023 in the perinatal mortality rate, overall, by its components, and by mother's age, race and Hispanic-origin, and state.

Methods: This report is based on data from the Fetal Death Data File and the Linked Birth/Infant Death Data File from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). This report uses an expanded measure of perinatal mortality, which includes all fetal deaths at 20 completed weeks or more and infant deaths younger than age 7 days. The differences between rates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level unless otherwise noted.

Key findings: The U.S. perinatal mortality rate was 8.36 perinatal deaths per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths in 2023, a nonsignificant change from the rate of 8.27 in 2022. The early fetal mortality rate increased by 4%, from 2.79 in 2022 to 2.89 in 2023; changes in late fetal and early neonatal mortality were not significant. Increases in the perinatal mortality rate were seen for women younger than age 20, Hispanic females, and in three states (Alabama, Colorado, and New Jersey); a decline was seen in one state (Michigan). Changes for other groups were not significant.

Objectives: This report presents highlights from 2024 final birth data on key demographic and medical and healthcare indicators. The number of births, the general fertility rate (GFR) (the number of births per 1,000 females ages 15-44), agespecific birth rates, primary cesarean delivery rates by age of mother, and the percentage of births covered by Medicaid by age of mother are presented. For all indicators, results for 2024 are compared with those for 2023.

Methods: This report uses data from the natality data file from the National Vital Statistics System. The vital statistics natality file is based on information from birth certificates and includes information for all births occurring in the United States. This report accompanies the release of the 2024 natality public-use file (3). More detailed analyses of the topics presented in this report and other topics, such as births by age of mother, tobacco use during pregnancy, pregnancy risk factors, prenatal care timing and use, receipt of WIC food, maternal body mass index, and breastfeeding are possible using the annual natality files (3).

Key findings: The number of births in the United States increased 1% from 2023 to 2024, to 3,628,934 births. The general fertility rate declined 1% from 2023 to 2024 to 53.8 births per 1,000 females ages 15-44.

Introduction: Pedestrians and pedal cyclists are recognized as two classes of vulnerable road users, or those who travel on roads and highways without the physical protection provided by a motor vehicle, such as a car or truck. This report examines trends in pedestrian and pedal cyclist injury deaths from 2013 to 2023 by census region, sex, and age group.

Methods: Data are from the National Vital Statistics System mortality files for 2013 through 2023. Deaths were identified using  International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision  (ICD-10) underlying cause-of-death codes V01-V09 for pedestrians and V10-V19 for pedal cyclists. Age-adjusted death rates were calculated and tests for trends were performed to determine changes over time.

Key findings: Between 2013 and 2023, the age-adjusted rate of pedestrian and pedal cyclist injury death in the United States rose from 2.1 deaths per 100,000 standard population to 2.9. Among both females and males ages 25-44 and 45-64 years, the rate of pedestrian and pedal cyclist injury death increased between 2013 and 2023. The death rate also increased for males age 65 and older and decreased for males ages 0-14 in this same period.