NCHS data brief最新文献

Introduction: This report presents trends in infant mortality among rural, small and medium metropolitan, and large metropolitan counties in the United States from 2014 through 2023, and infant mortality rates by age at death, mother's age, and maternal race and Hispanic origin for combined years 2021-2023.

Methods: Data are from the 2014-2023 National Vital Statistics System linked birth/infant death files. Statistical significance testing for differences in rates are based on a two-tailed z test. References to trends in rates across years were evaluated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.

Key findings: The infant mortality rate declined from 2014 to 2020 for all urbanization levels and then had varying trends across urbanization levels from 2020 to 2023. During 2021-2023, total infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates were higher in rural and small and medium metropolitan counties compared with large metropolitan counties. Infant mortality rates were higher in rural and small and medium metropolitan counties compared with large metropolitan counties for infants of mothers of all age groups in 2021-2023. Infant mortality rates were higher in rural and small and medium counties compared with large metropolitan counties for infants of most maternal race and Hispanic-origin groups.

Introduction: This report presents estimates of the percentage of calories consumed from fast food on a given day among U.S. adults by selected characteristics during August 2021-August 2023, along with trends in percentage of calories consumed from fast food since 2013-2014.

Methods: Data from the August 2021-August 2023 NHANES were used to estimate the percentage of calories consumed from fast food among U.S. adults and test for subgroup differences using orthogonal contrasts to calculate a Student's t statistic. Trends were assessed using data from four NHANES cycles (2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-March 2020, and August 2021-August 2023) with linear regression models evaluating linear and quadratic trends while adjusting for differential time between cycles. Statistical analyses, conducted in SAS-callable SUDAAN version 11.0, used orthogonal contrasts and regression models, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Key findings: During August 2021-August 2023, about one-third (32.0%) of adults 20 years and older consumed fast food on a given day. Overall, adults consumed 11.7% of calories from fast food on a given day. The percentage of calories consumed from fast food on a given day decreased with age: 15.2% for ages 20-39, 11.9% for ages 40-59, and 7.6% for ages 60 and older. No significant differences were noted between men and women. The percentage of calories consumed from fast food among adults decreased from 14.1% during 2013-2014 to 11.7% during August 2021-August 2023.

Objective: This report presents anthropometric reference data for the U.S. population age 2 years and older during August 2021-August 2023.

Methods: Body measurements were obtained from 8,545 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants age 2 years and older during August 2021-August 2023. Measurements included weight, height, circumferences, and limb lengths.

Results: Weighted population means, standard errors of the means, and selected percentiles of body measurement values are reported for participants age 2 years and older. Body measurement results are shown by sex and age.

Conclusions: These nationally representative NHANES data show the distribution of measured weight, height, body mass index, circumferences, and lengths in the U.S. population during August 2021-August 2023.

Introduction: Adults age 65 and older have higher death rates from unintentional falls than other age groups, and falls are the leading cause of injury-related death in this population.

Methods: National Vital Statistics System underlying cause-of-death mortality data for 2003-2023 were used in this study of unintentional fall deaths in adults age 65 and older, by sex, age group, and race and Hispanic origin. Unintentional fall deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes W00-W19. Crude rates (deaths per 100,000 population) were calculated. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using the z test ( p < 0.05), and trends were assessed using the Joinpoint Regression Program (Version 5.0.2).

Key findings: The U.S. rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults age 65 and older was 69.9 per 100,000 population in 2023, with rates varying by state. In 2023, the unintentional fall death rate for adults age 65 and older was higher for men (74.2) compared with women (66.3). Rates for both men and women increased with increasing age. Among adults age 85 and older, White non-Hispanic adults had the highest rate of unintentional fall deaths, and Black non-Hispanic adults had the lowest rate. For both men and women, rates of unintentional fall deaths increased between 2003 and 2023 for adults ages 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and older.

Introduction: On average, more than $45 billion in U.S. productivity is lost each year due to untreated dental disease. Oral disease can cause pain and infections, which lead to unplanned visits for emergency care, especially among those who do not have access to routine dental care. This report uses data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) to study emergency department (ED) visits with either a reason for visit or diagnosis of a tooth disorder in 2020-2022.

Methods: Data in this report are from NHAMCS, a nationally representative annual survey of nonfederal general and short-stay hospitals. Results are presented from 2020 through 2022. Estimates and their corresponding variances were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance  t  tests at the 0.05 level. Linear regression was used to test the significance of slope.

Key findings: Tooth disorders accounted for an annual average of 1,944,000 ED visits during 2020-2022. The largest percentage of ED visits for tooth disorders was made by adults ages 25-34 (29.2%). White non-Hispanic people accounted for the largest percentage of ED visits for tooth disorders (52.7%), followed by Black non-Hispanic people (31.9%), and Hispanic people (14.5%). The majority of visits for tooth disorders had Medicaid as the primary expected source of payment (55.4%). Opioids as the sole pain relief drug given or prescribed at ED visits for tooth disorders decreased from 38.1% in 2014-2016 to 16.5% in 2020-2022. Visits with only nonopioid analgesics increased from 20.0% in 2014-2016 to 38.4% in 2020-2022.

Introduction: This report uses 2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to presents age- adjusted estimates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults age 18 and older by selected sociodemographic and health characteristics.

Methods: Point estimates and corresponding variances for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. All estimates are based on self-report and meet NCHS data presentation standards for proportions. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by age group and family income were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials in logistic regression. Estimates were age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. census population using the direct method for age groups 18-44, 45-64, 65-74, and 75 and older.

Key findings: In 2023, the age-adjusted prevalence of diagnosed COPD among adults age 18 and older was 3.8%, and women were more likely to have COPD than men. COPD increased with increasing age. Asian non-Hispanic adults were less likely than adults of all other racial and ethnic groups to have COPD. The prevalence of COPD decreased with increasing family income. Adults living in the Midwest and South were more likely to have COPD than those living in the Northeast and West. Adults with fair or poor health were about five times as likely to have COPD than adults with excellent, very good, or good health. The percentage of COPD increased with increasing level of difficulties in functioning.

Background: Synthetic data has been gaining popularity in many fields as an approach to retain data utility (the validity of inference using synthetic data) and protect confidentiality. However, creating synthetic data for complex surveys remains a challenge.

Methods: This research compared three approaches to incorporate survey design information (stratification, clustering, and sampling weights) during the synthetic data-generating process using the Research and Development Survey (RANDS), a series of primarily web surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Both parametric (logistic and linear regression models) and nonparametric (classification and regression trees [CART]) methods were used to create synthetic data. Data utility and disclosure risk were evaluated via confidence interval overlap, propensity score measurement, and average matching probability for re-identification.

Results: Using the original survey design information as predictors during the synthesis process improved data utility for the parametric method. However, the nonparametric method yielded results with better data utility but slightly higher disclosure risk.

Background: Synthetic data has been gaining popularity in many fields as an approach to retain data utility (the validity of inference using synthetic data) and protect confidentiality. However, creating synthetic data for complex surveys remains a challenge.

Methods: This research compared three approaches to incorporate survey design information (stratification, clustering, and sampling weights) during the synthetic data-generating process using the Research and Development Survey (RANDS), a series of primarily web surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Both parametric (logistic and linear regression models) and nonparametric (classification and regression trees [CART]) methods were used to create synthetic data. Data utility and disclosure risk were evaluated via confidence interval overlap, propensity score measurement, and average matching probability for re-identification.

Results: Using the original survey design information as predictors during the synthesis process improved data utility for the parametric method. However, the nonparametric method yielded results with better data utility but slightly higher disclosure risk.

Introduction: This report presents the most recent depression prevalence estimates in adolescents and adults, ages 12 years and older, based on the August 2021-August 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression symptoms are measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire.

Methods: Prevalence of depression was estimated using August 2021-August 2023 NHANES data. Depression was defined by score of 10 or greater on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a validated screening instrument used to assess depression symptoms in the past 2 weeks. Standard errors of percentages were estimated using Taylor series linearization. A t statistic was used to test for differences between groups. Linear and nonlinear trends were evaluated using the orthogonal polynomials. The significance level for statistical testing was p < 0.05.

Key findings: During August 2021-August 2023, depression prevalence was 13.1% in adolescents and adults ages 12 years and older and decreased with increasing age. Depression prevalence decreased with increasing family income overall and in males and females. From 2013-2014 to August 2021-August 2023, the prevalence of depression increased overall, and in males and females. Among adolescents and adults with depression, 87.9% reported at least some difficulty with work, home, or social activities due to their depression symptoms, and a higher percentage of females (43.0%) than males (33.2%) reported receiving therapy or counseling in the past 12 months.

Introduction: This report uses the most recent National Health Interview Survey data on the use of prescription medication for depression and explores differences in use of medication for depression by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, disability status, living alone, family income, education level, region, and urbanization level among U.S. adults in 2023.

Methods: Data from the 2023 National Health Interview Survey were used for this analysis. Point estimates and corresponding variances were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software version 11.0 to account for the survey's complex sample design. All estimates are based on self-report and meet NCHS data presentation standards for proportions. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by age group and family income were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials in logistic regression.

Key findings: In 2023, the percentage of adults age 18 and older who took prescription medication for depression was 11.4%; women were more than twice as likely to take medication for depression than men. White non-Hispanic adults and adults of other and multiple races non-Hispanic were more likely to take medication for depression compared with all other race and Hispanic-origin groups. Adults with disabilities were nearly three times as likely to take medication for depression than adults without disabilities. Taking medication for depression decreased with increasing family income. The percentage of adults taking medication for depression was higher in the Midwest compared to other regions and increased with decreasing urbanization level.