Pub Date : 2017-11-20DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293329
Yonathan Raka Pradana, F. Zulkifli
Telecommunication is always experiencing fast development, both in terms of technology also the number of users. However, it is also followed by increasing of capacity demand, but the available frequency spectrum is also limited. To resolve these problems, a smart antenna using beamforming system has been developed. Smart antenna system has two types, there are switched beam and adaptive array. Beam switch system has been developed because simpler in its implementation and more economical than the adaptive array system. Unlike the adaptive array systems, beam switch system consists of some radiating elements, beamforming network, and RF switches while adaptive array system requires components and signal processing which is more complicated. This research is focusing on the implementation of threshold crossing algorithms for the beamforming control system. Threshold crossing algorithm will compare the analog voltage received by the antenna to the threshold voltage. The result of this programming is shown that the microcontroller is able to calculate the threshold voltage automatically and compare the input value with the threshold value.
{"title":"Implementation of threshold crossing algorithm for beamforming controller system","authors":"Yonathan Raka Pradana, F. Zulkifli","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293329","url":null,"abstract":"Telecommunication is always experiencing fast development, both in terms of technology also the number of users. However, it is also followed by increasing of capacity demand, but the available frequency spectrum is also limited. To resolve these problems, a smart antenna using beamforming system has been developed. Smart antenna system has two types, there are switched beam and adaptive array. Beam switch system has been developed because simpler in its implementation and more economical than the adaptive array system. Unlike the adaptive array systems, beam switch system consists of some radiating elements, beamforming network, and RF switches while adaptive array system requires components and signal processing which is more complicated. This research is focusing on the implementation of threshold crossing algorithms for the beamforming control system. Threshold crossing algorithm will compare the analog voltage received by the antenna to the threshold voltage. The result of this programming is shown that the microcontroller is able to calculate the threshold voltage automatically and compare the input value with the threshold value.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"59 1","pages":"1284-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72808884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-19DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293633
Mei Sun, X. Qing, Nasimuddin, Zhining Chen
This paper proposes a planar grid array antenna (GAA) at 93 GHz on low cost printed circuit board (PCB). The switched beams can be realized in a very simple and elegant way by positioning the feeding points properly. With substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structure, the antenna is able to generate 3 beams with a specific coverage of ±19° and a peak realized gain of 18.7 dBi.
{"title":"A 93-GHz beam switched grid array antenna on PCB","authors":"Mei Sun, X. Qing, Nasimuddin, Zhining Chen","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293633","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a planar grid array antenna (GAA) at 93 GHz on low cost printed circuit board (PCB). The switched beams can be realized in a very simple and elegant way by positioning the feeding points properly. With substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structure, the antenna is able to generate 3 beams with a specific coverage of ±19° and a peak realized gain of 18.7 dBi.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"81 1","pages":"2929-2931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88796302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-19DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293632
Yijun Zhou, X. Qing, T. See, Francois Chin, Muhammad Faeyz Karim
The transmission characteristics including the amplitude and phase responses of the glucose solutions with different concentrations are studied for non-invasive glucose monitoring. Two glucose solutions using saline and distilled water are investigated at Ku-band of 17 GHz with simulation and measurement. It is found that the transmission phase of the glucose solutions exhibits linear response to the glucose concentration from hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia, which shows high potential in developing non-invasive glucose monitoring system using microwave technology at Ku-band.
{"title":"Transmission characterization of glucose solutions at Ku-band for non-invasive glucose monitoring","authors":"Yijun Zhou, X. Qing, T. See, Francois Chin, Muhammad Faeyz Karim","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293632","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission characteristics including the amplitude and phase responses of the glucose solutions with different concentrations are studied for non-invasive glucose monitoring. Two glucose solutions using saline and distilled water are investigated at Ku-band of 17 GHz with simulation and measurement. It is found that the transmission phase of the glucose solutions exhibits linear response to the glucose concentration from hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia, which shows high potential in developing non-invasive glucose monitoring system using microwave technology at Ku-band.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"2925-2928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84028741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293355
S. J. Chin, M. Aziz, M. R. Ahmad
This paper presents different Defected Waveguide Structures (DWS) towards monopole antenna in Ultrawideband (UWB) frequencies. Monopole antenna is one of the potential candidate for UWB applications. Yet, it has poor directivity and gain due to low profile. Previous studies have made change on the configuration of monopole antenna itself to enhance gain. This paper proposes Defected Waveguide Structure to design externally with monopole antenna without reconfiguring monopole antenna. The waveguide is designed according dimension of monopole antenna. DWS waveguide is designed to have square, circle and spiral shapes in patch. Monopole antenna will act as input to those waveguides. The effects of different DWS waveguides towards monopole antenna will be investigated through antenna parameters. Meanwhile, the performances of DWS waveguides will be also analyzed through transmission coefficient (S21) by setting two monopole antennas at the both open-ended surfaces of waveguide. In overall, monopole antenna achieves wide bandwidth of 8.54 GHz and highest efficiency. Monopole antenna with waveguide achieves narrow bandwidth of 2.76 GHz and low efficiency. Yet, it improves directivity obviously at 2GHz–7 GHz. Monopole antenna with all the DWS waveguide still maintain wide bandwidth of 8.6 GHz at the same time improve directivity and gain. Monopole antenna with square DWS waveguide shows highest directivity and gain at 2GHz–8.5 GHz. Monopole antenna with circle DWS waveguide demonstrates highest directivity and gain at 9GHz–10GHz. Monopole antenna with spiral DWS waveguide shows highest efficiency compares to others DWS waveguide.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of different defected waveguide structures towards monopole antenna","authors":"S. J. Chin, M. Aziz, M. R. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293355","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents different Defected Waveguide Structures (DWS) towards monopole antenna in Ultrawideband (UWB) frequencies. Monopole antenna is one of the potential candidate for UWB applications. Yet, it has poor directivity and gain due to low profile. Previous studies have made change on the configuration of monopole antenna itself to enhance gain. This paper proposes Defected Waveguide Structure to design externally with monopole antenna without reconfiguring monopole antenna. The waveguide is designed according dimension of monopole antenna. DWS waveguide is designed to have square, circle and spiral shapes in patch. Monopole antenna will act as input to those waveguides. The effects of different DWS waveguides towards monopole antenna will be investigated through antenna parameters. Meanwhile, the performances of DWS waveguides will be also analyzed through transmission coefficient (S21) by setting two monopole antennas at the both open-ended surfaces of waveguide. In overall, monopole antenna achieves wide bandwidth of 8.54 GHz and highest efficiency. Monopole antenna with waveguide achieves narrow bandwidth of 2.76 GHz and low efficiency. Yet, it improves directivity obviously at 2GHz–7 GHz. Monopole antenna with all the DWS waveguide still maintain wide bandwidth of 8.6 GHz at the same time improve directivity and gain. Monopole antenna with square DWS waveguide shows highest directivity and gain at 2GHz–8.5 GHz. Monopole antenna with circle DWS waveguide demonstrates highest directivity and gain at 9GHz–10GHz. Monopole antenna with spiral DWS waveguide shows highest efficiency compares to others DWS waveguide.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"13 1","pages":"1428-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74504252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293242
Yunjia Zeng, X. Qing, Zhi Ning Chen
A low-profile zero-phase-shift-line (ZPSL) loop antenna is proposed to achieve a directional magnetic near-field distribution for applications in ultra-high frequency (UHF) near-field radio-frequency identification (RFID). The proposed antenna consists of three coaxially-stacked components, including a driven ZPSL loop, a parasitic ZPSL loop, and a metallic plate reflector. Conventional directional antennas that involve metallic plate reflectors require an optimal separation of one-quarter of a wavelength at the operating frequency between the antenna and the plate. Decreasing the separation would result in poor impedance matching as well as a reduction in gain for far-field antennas. To realize a low-profile directional far-field antenna, a novel approach was recently proposed by adding a parasitic strip between a dipole antenna and a metallic plate reflector, such that the phase of the reflected wave can be properly controlled. In this manner, the separation between the antenna and the reflector is reduced to 0.05 of the operating wavelength, while keeping the reflected and the directly radiated fields in phase in the desired direction. In this paper, such an approach is extended to the design of near-field antenna. Because of the geometry of the bi-directional ZSPL loop, the parasitic element is chosen as an aperiodic ZPSL loop that has the same geometry as the driven element to ensure a strong coupling between the two loops. In the design of near-field antennas, the current distributions of the antennas are the decisive factors affecting the near-field distributions. Therefore, the proposed antenna is designed based on the current distributions instead of the phase information as in the case of far-field antennas. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured, and it proves to be an effective reader antenna for UHF near-field RFID applications.
{"title":"A directional, low-profile zero-phase-shift-line (ZPSL) loop antenna for UHF near-field RFID applications","authors":"Yunjia Zeng, X. Qing, Zhi Ning Chen","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293242","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile zero-phase-shift-line (ZPSL) loop antenna is proposed to achieve a directional magnetic near-field distribution for applications in ultra-high frequency (UHF) near-field radio-frequency identification (RFID). The proposed antenna consists of three coaxially-stacked components, including a driven ZPSL loop, a parasitic ZPSL loop, and a metallic plate reflector. Conventional directional antennas that involve metallic plate reflectors require an optimal separation of one-quarter of a wavelength at the operating frequency between the antenna and the plate. Decreasing the separation would result in poor impedance matching as well as a reduction in gain for far-field antennas. To realize a low-profile directional far-field antenna, a novel approach was recently proposed by adding a parasitic strip between a dipole antenna and a metallic plate reflector, such that the phase of the reflected wave can be properly controlled. In this manner, the separation between the antenna and the reflector is reduced to 0.05 of the operating wavelength, while keeping the reflected and the directly radiated fields in phase in the desired direction. In this paper, such an approach is extended to the design of near-field antenna. Because of the geometry of the bi-directional ZSPL loop, the parasitic element is chosen as an aperiodic ZPSL loop that has the same geometry as the driven element to ensure a strong coupling between the two loops. In the design of near-field antennas, the current distributions of the antennas are the decisive factors affecting the near-field distributions. Therefore, the proposed antenna is designed based on the current distributions instead of the phase information as in the case of far-field antennas. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured, and it proves to be an effective reader antenna for UHF near-field RFID applications.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"18 1","pages":"786-791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73163784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293177
L. Nowosielski, J. Michalak
The shielding effectiveness (SE) measurement methodology basing on Marx generator (HPEM-RF DS110 pulse generator) is described. In the paper the analytical methodology for measurement uncertainty of shielding effectiveness calculation is presented. The shielding effectiveness measurement results for selected enclosure are presented too. During the measurement were used the worked out methodology.
{"title":"Measurement uncertainty of shielding effectiveness","authors":"L. Nowosielski, J. Michalak","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293177","url":null,"abstract":"The shielding effectiveness (SE) measurement methodology basing on Marx generator (HPEM-RF DS110 pulse generator) is described. In the paper the analytical methodology for measurement uncertainty of shielding effectiveness calculation is presented. The shielding effectiveness measurement results for selected enclosure are presented too. During the measurement were used the worked out methodology.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"36 1","pages":"432-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73243475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293311
M. Nahas, M. Nahas
Dielectric-loaded twisted loop mobile antennas have been developed to provide multi-band communication while minimizing the radiation exposure of the human's body. Early versions of such antenna structure are known as bifilar and bihelix antennas, respectively. This paper discusses ways to enhance the radiation characteristics of the bihelix antenna and then develops a new structure called trihelix. We show that the trihelix antenna is capable of providing more resonant bands for modern mobile communication handsets. The work is performed using an efficient simulation tool and the paper concludes by showing that such helical antennas still have the potential to fulfil the operation requirements of cellular telephone handsets used nowadays.
{"title":"Design of miniature dielectric-loaded trihelix antenna for multi-band cellular telephone handsets","authors":"M. Nahas, M. Nahas","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293311","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric-loaded twisted loop mobile antennas have been developed to provide multi-band communication while minimizing the radiation exposure of the human's body. Early versions of such antenna structure are known as bifilar and bihelix antennas, respectively. This paper discusses ways to enhance the radiation characteristics of the bihelix antenna and then develops a new structure called trihelix. We show that the trihelix antenna is capable of providing more resonant bands for modern mobile communication handsets. The work is performed using an efficient simulation tool and the paper concludes by showing that such helical antennas still have the potential to fulfil the operation requirements of cellular telephone handsets used nowadays.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"21 1","pages":"1177-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73251864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293319
E. Lipenbergs, I. Smirnova, A. Stafecka, G. Ivanovs, P. Gavars
A lot of new applications and services come into use thanks to widely available broadband access and high quality of service parameter values for broadband networks. As broadband access technologies develop and competition between different services becomes higher the need for addition regulation, for different services to coexist on equal terms, becomes necessary. As a result, net neutrality principles were introduced, which aim is to allow all services to ensure that there is no traffic discrimination on the internet. In the European Union European Commission developed regulation for net neutrality, providing basic net neutrality principles to be respected and implemented in all European countries. Outside Europe net neutrality question is also actual and is actively discussed and measures are taken to ensure that neutrality principles are implemented. Still many question regarding new regulation in net neutrality stay open. One of them is quality of service in scope of net neutrality. New regulation defines specific internet access services parameters of speeds to be measured and analysed for fixed and mobile networks. Those parameters include minimum, maximum, normally available and advertised speed for fixed broadband networks, and estimated maximum and advertised speed for mobile broadband networks. Regulation provides examples, but does not define the exact measurement and result analysis options most suitable for different measurement scenarios in fixed or mobile network As one of the corresponding projects — mapping of broadband service parameters when measurement results are visualised on map, is very actual, mapping options should also be considered, and to ensure that mapping for all countries measured parameters is united, and measurements are made and proceeded in the same manner in all countries. So, the way the network speed parameters are analysed and proceeded are very important also in the mapping context. Different scenarios of network parameter measurement result distribution are possible. As relevant regulations define specific parameters that should be measured, it is necessary to understand, and then implement very accurate and most suitable data analysis, taking into account different data distribution scenarios, to determine correct result. The main objective of this investigation is to determine analysis options and to choose optimal measurement samples of the quality of service parameters for the further analysis in the context of net neutrality principles providing united measurement and measurement result analysis methodology.
{"title":"Quality of service parameter measurements data analysis in the scope of net neutrality","authors":"E. Lipenbergs, I. Smirnova, A. Stafecka, G. Ivanovs, P. Gavars","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293319","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of new applications and services come into use thanks to widely available broadband access and high quality of service parameter values for broadband networks. As broadband access technologies develop and competition between different services becomes higher the need for addition regulation, for different services to coexist on equal terms, becomes necessary. As a result, net neutrality principles were introduced, which aim is to allow all services to ensure that there is no traffic discrimination on the internet. In the European Union European Commission developed regulation for net neutrality, providing basic net neutrality principles to be respected and implemented in all European countries. Outside Europe net neutrality question is also actual and is actively discussed and measures are taken to ensure that neutrality principles are implemented. Still many question regarding new regulation in net neutrality stay open. One of them is quality of service in scope of net neutrality. New regulation defines specific internet access services parameters of speeds to be measured and analysed for fixed and mobile networks. Those parameters include minimum, maximum, normally available and advertised speed for fixed broadband networks, and estimated maximum and advertised speed for mobile broadband networks. Regulation provides examples, but does not define the exact measurement and result analysis options most suitable for different measurement scenarios in fixed or mobile network As one of the corresponding projects — mapping of broadband service parameters when measurement results are visualised on map, is very actual, mapping options should also be considered, and to ensure that mapping for all countries measured parameters is united, and measurements are made and proceeded in the same manner in all countries. So, the way the network speed parameters are analysed and proceeded are very important also in the mapping context. Different scenarios of network parameter measurement result distribution are possible. As relevant regulations define specific parameters that should be measured, it is necessary to understand, and then implement very accurate and most suitable data analysis, taking into account different data distribution scenarios, to determine correct result. The main objective of this investigation is to determine analysis options and to choose optimal measurement samples of the quality of service parameters for the further analysis in the context of net neutrality principles providing united measurement and measurement result analysis methodology.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"17 10","pages":"1230-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72612395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293558
V. Kotlyar, A. Kovalev, E. Kozlova
An elliptical Gaussian beam does not contain optical vortices (phase dislocations) and its orbital angular momentum (OAM) equals zero. Here we study propagation of such beam in a paraxial ABCD system, including focusing by a cylindrical lens, placed in the waist plane and rotated by some angle. It is shown that this rotation leads to appearing of a non-zero OAM of such a beam, although typical laser beams with the OAM have optical vortices. Here, we obtain a simple expression for the normalized OAM. The OAM decreases with increasing focal length of the cylindrical lens. It also increases (in modulus) with increasing difference of squared waist radii. We study conditions, where this beam has large value of the OAM. The advantage of the proposed method is that laser beams with large values of OAM can be generated by using simple optical elements — cylindrical lenses. There is no need to use a spatial light modulator or a spiral phase plate or a fork hologram.
{"title":"Orbital angular momentum of a Gaussian beam without optical vortices produced by cylindrical lenses","authors":"V. Kotlyar, A. Kovalev, E. Kozlova","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293558","url":null,"abstract":"An elliptical Gaussian beam does not contain optical vortices (phase dislocations) and its orbital angular momentum (OAM) equals zero. Here we study propagation of such beam in a paraxial ABCD system, including focusing by a cylindrical lens, placed in the waist plane and rotated by some angle. It is shown that this rotation leads to appearing of a non-zero OAM of such a beam, although typical laser beams with the OAM have optical vortices. Here, we obtain a simple expression for the normalized OAM. The OAM decreases with increasing focal length of the cylindrical lens. It also increases (in modulus) with increasing difference of squared waist radii. We study conditions, where this beam has large value of the OAM. The advantage of the proposed method is that laser beams with large values of OAM can be generated by using simple optical elements — cylindrical lenses. There is no need to use a spatial light modulator or a spiral phase plate or a fork hologram.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"2506-2508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78730805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293208
Yuqi Yang, Wei Luo
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) electromagnetic vortex technology is a kind of advantageous communication reuse technology with high spectral efficiency. This paper presents a novel circular antenna array for microwave relay communication, which is the transceiver hardware foundation of OAM electromagnetic wave. The antenna array is composed of horn antennas operating at E-Band, which has good polarization purity to effectively confront polarization fading in wireless channel. The electromagnetic waves with dual characteristics of circular polarization and multi-modal vortex OAM is generated with the optimization design of antenna forms and distance between the elements. In order to avoid the degradation of OAM mode transmission in the free space, the number of antenna elements and relation between transmission distance of electromagnetic vortex wave and antenna array form are discussed. A reasonable OAM antenna aperture is obtained based on the simulation of electromagnetic waves propagation. The stable convergence of gain pattern and phase distribution proves the circular antenna array could be applied to OAM relay communication by combining with advanced weights optimization method.
{"title":"Analysis of orbital angular momentum electromagnetic wave propagation based on circular antenna array","authors":"Yuqi Yang, Wei Luo","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293208","url":null,"abstract":"Orbital angular momentum (OAM) electromagnetic vortex technology is a kind of advantageous communication reuse technology with high spectral efficiency. This paper presents a novel circular antenna array for microwave relay communication, which is the transceiver hardware foundation of OAM electromagnetic wave. The antenna array is composed of horn antennas operating at E-Band, which has good polarization purity to effectively confront polarization fading in wireless channel. The electromagnetic waves with dual characteristics of circular polarization and multi-modal vortex OAM is generated with the optimization design of antenna forms and distance between the elements. In order to avoid the degradation of OAM mode transmission in the free space, the number of antenna elements and relation between transmission distance of electromagnetic vortex wave and antenna array form are discussed. A reasonable OAM antenna aperture is obtained based on the simulation of electromagnetic waves propagation. The stable convergence of gain pattern and phase distribution proves the circular antenna array could be applied to OAM relay communication by combining with advanced weights optimization method.","PeriodicalId":39469,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Education","volume":"197 1","pages":"605-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77288061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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