{"title":"Does Mathematical Sociology Contribute to the Progress of Sociology","authors":"Yoshimichi Sato","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.26.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.26.243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"16 1","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76076061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The “small-world experiments” by Milgram et al. and the “β model” of small-world networks by Watts et al. are reviewed. Based on the criticism on the “small-world problem” provided by Kleinfeld, a model of a large-scale acquaintance network is constructed under the assumption that the stratified attributes of the nodes affect network formation. The model possesses a feature of self-similarity where connection of several local small-world networks forms a nested small-world network in global.
{"title":"A model of a nested small-world network","authors":"Masaki Tomochi","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.25.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.25.19","url":null,"abstract":"The “small-world experiments” by Milgram et al. and the “β model” of small-world networks by Watts et al. are reviewed. Based on the criticism on the “small-world problem” provided by Kleinfeld, a model of a large-scale acquaintance network is constructed under the assumption that the stratified attributes of the nodes affect network formation. The model possesses a feature of self-similarity where connection of several local small-world networks forms a nested small-world network in global.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"14 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84927302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I consider the issue of optimal targeting in information diffusion networks. The initial information possessor is to target a single node so as to disseminate the infor-mation to all other nodes most effectively. For the purpose, the concept of closeness centrality may be useful, but if the value from delayed information is discounted by a discount factor, the concept should be properly modified. With this respect, I propose a modified concept of point centrality which I will call δ-(closeness)-centrality. The δ-centrality of a node is defined by the sum of discounted values generated from infor-mation transmission starting from the node given discount factor δ. I also provide some alternative scenarios that could justify various measures of closeness-based centrality.
{"title":"Information Diffusion and δ-Closeness-Centrality","authors":"Jeong‐Yoo Kim","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.25.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.25.95","url":null,"abstract":"I consider the issue of optimal targeting in information diffusion networks. The initial information possessor is to target a single node so as to disseminate the infor-mation to all other nodes most effectively. For the purpose, the concept of closeness centrality may be useful, but if the value from delayed information is discounted by a discount factor, the concept should be properly modified. With this respect, I propose a modified concept of point centrality which I will call δ-(closeness)-centrality. The δ-centrality of a node is defined by the sum of discounted values generated from infor-mation transmission starting from the node given discount factor δ. I also provide some alternative scenarios that could justify various measures of closeness-based centrality.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"10 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84095705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum :Cultural Polarization in Increasingly Nonlocal Societies","authors":"T. Shimomura","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.25.E1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.25.E1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89518402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Survey research is commonly conducted in the United States and other Western countries to understand a particular population’s characteristics, behaviors, or opinions; however, few studies have been conducted in Japan to adopt survey methodologies such as the Tailored Design Method developed in the United States. In Japan, mail surveys are generally considered to achieve no more than a 20-40% response rate, and since the mid-1970s, overall response rates in Japanese surveys have declined by about 10 percentage points. Our research is one of the first studies to use the Tailored Design Method in Japan to conduct a mail survey. We compared response rates of our survey about people’s attitudes toward bears and wildlife management to response rates of other mail surveys with similar content to see the effectiveness of the Tailored Design Method. Response rates in two study sites, Nagano, an urban city, and Otari, a rural village were 48.3% and 66.7% respectively, using the Tailored Design Method. The response rate in Otari was significantly higher than those of other rural villages in previous surveys. The response rate for Nagano was comparable to results of rural villages even though response rates in metropolitan areas are usually lower than those of rural areas. The Tailored Design Method may be profitably applied in Japan and other societies in order to improve survey response rates.
{"title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of the Tailored Design Method for Increasing Response Rates of Mail Surveys in Japan","authors":"R. Sakurai, S. Jacobson","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.25.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.25.267","url":null,"abstract":"Survey research is commonly conducted in the United States and other Western countries to understand a particular population’s characteristics, behaviors, or opinions; however, few studies have been conducted in Japan to adopt survey methodologies such as the Tailored Design Method developed in the United States. In Japan, mail surveys are generally considered to achieve no more than a 20-40% response rate, and since the mid-1970s, overall response rates in Japanese surveys have declined by about 10 percentage points. Our research is one of the first studies to use the Tailored Design Method in Japan to conduct a mail survey. We compared response rates of our survey about people’s attitudes toward bears and wildlife management to response rates of other mail surveys with similar content to see the effectiveness of the Tailored Design Method. Response rates in two study sites, Nagano, an urban city, and Otari, a rural village were 48.3% and 66.7% respectively, using the Tailored Design Method. The response rate in Otari was significantly higher than those of other rural villages in previous surveys. The response rate for Nagano was comparable to results of rural villages even though response rates in metropolitan areas are usually lower than those of rural areas. The Tailored Design Method may be profitably applied in Japan and other societies in order to improve survey response rates.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"2 1","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78429307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our comparison of performance gaps in mathematics between native and immigrant students across 18 countries shows considerable cross-national variation in the size of performance differences between native and immigrant students. We hypothesize that countries with higher levels of school segregation by family socioeconomic status (SES) and immigrant status should display stronger effects of immigrant status. In countries with high levels of school segregation, immigrant students should be more likely to be sorted into schools that are poorer and/or have higher concentration of immigrant students, which may in turn negatively affect immigrant students’ achievement. Two-level hierarchical linear models show that countries’ native-immigrant gaps are systematically related with levels of school segregation by family SES but not with levels of school segregation by immigrant status. The finding implies that redistributing key educational resources to disadvantaged schools to moderate the negative consequences of attending low SES schools may facilitate educational integration of immigrant students.
{"title":"School Segregation and the Achievement Gap between Immigrant and Native Students","authors":"Hyunjoon Park, Pearl Kyei","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.25.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.25.207","url":null,"abstract":"Our comparison of performance gaps in mathematics between native and immigrant students across 18 countries shows considerable cross-national variation in the size of performance differences between native and immigrant students. We hypothesize that countries with higher levels of school segregation by family socioeconomic status (SES) and immigrant status should display stronger effects of immigrant status. In countries with high levels of school segregation, immigrant students should be more likely to be sorted into schools that are poorer and/or have higher concentration of immigrant students, which may in turn negatively affect immigrant students’ achievement. Two-level hierarchical linear models show that countries’ native-immigrant gaps are systematically related with levels of school segregation by family SES but not with levels of school segregation by immigrant status. The finding implies that redistributing key educational resources to disadvantaged schools to moderate the negative consequences of attending low SES schools may facilitate educational integration of immigrant students.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"123 1","pages":"207-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85708099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developed and Democratic Countries' Policy-making on Dispute Settlement in the GATT/WTO:","authors":"Taisuke Fujita","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.24.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.24.181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"16 1","pages":"181-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88086880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent years have witnessed increasing interests in integrating temporality into Boolean analysis or Qualitative Comparative Analysis (hereafter QCA). Despite the rapid development of the Boolean method and the extensive application, QCA had been often criticized for its static nature and limitations in analyzing a dynamic process of temporal changes. This article joins the recent efforts in the literature and argues that temporal changes can be analyzed using the existing QCA methods. The article first reviews the existing work on temporal QCA (hereafter TQCA) in a broader context of analyzing temporality in the Boolean method. It then proposes different techniques to analyze dynamic processes of temporal changes through Boolean analysis by incorporating time-series variations into QCA (hereafter TS/QCA), which take sub-forms of Pooled QCA, Fixed Effects QCA, and Time Differencing QCA. Lastly, it maps various types of “QCA families” in a typological framework and discusses the challenges that TQCA and TS/QCA face and suggest future directions of methodological innovations.
{"title":"Time-Series QCA:","authors":"Airo Hino","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.24.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.24.247","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed increasing interests in integrating temporality into Boolean analysis or Qualitative Comparative Analysis (hereafter QCA). Despite the rapid development of the Boolean method and the extensive application, QCA had been often criticized for its static nature and limitations in analyzing a dynamic process of temporal changes. This article joins the recent efforts in the literature and argues that temporal changes can be analyzed using the existing QCA methods. The article first reviews the existing work on temporal QCA (hereafter TQCA) in a broader context of analyzing temporality in the Boolean method. It then proposes different techniques to analyze dynamic processes of temporal changes through Boolean analysis by incorporating time-series variations into QCA (hereafter TS/QCA), which take sub-forms of Pooled QCA, Fixed Effects QCA, and Time Differencing QCA. Lastly, it maps various types of “QCA families” in a typological framework and discusses the challenges that TQCA and TS/QCA face and suggest future directions of methodological innovations.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"24 1","pages":"247-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75468775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Polarization in Increasingly Nonlocal Societies","authors":"Takashi Shiomura","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.24.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.24.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"34 1","pages":"95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78225389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to make clear the determinants of job shift patterns in Japan. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of both individual level of resource and reward, and labor market structures which affect job mobility patterns. However, previous research on job mobility in Japan did not incorporate individual level of attributes such as resource and reward into systematic theoretical points of view while the impact of labor market structure on job mobility drew distinctive attention in Japan. In addition, many previous studies did not take into account the context of job shift because of a lack of available source of information in survey data. The present research pays attention to the divergence between voluntary and involuntary job mobility. The result shows that firm − specific skills and occupational reward made it less likely for employees to quit a job. It corresponds to the model of reward and resource. However, there is no evidence that general human capital which is transferable across firm would increase the likelihood of quitting a job as is seen in the U.S labor market. In addition, the way in which labor market structure influences job shift patterns is almost identical to the model of segmented labor market. In contrast, the way in which macroeconomic conditions for labor market affects rates of job shift in Japan is deviant from the hypothesis for the U.S labor market. This paper highlights the differences between voluntary and involuntary job mobility in Japan. Compared to the previous studies in the U.S, the job mobility patterns in Japan appear to be roughly similar to the ones for the United States whereas it seems that the institutional arrangements specific to Japanese labor market could make the job mobility patterns substantially different from those for the other indus-trialized countries. Cross − national comparison of intragenerational mobility which has lacked empirical studies would be further needed so that we can make clear the underpinnings of job mobility structure and institutional arrangements of labor market which diverge job mobility across country.
{"title":"Voluntary and Involuntary Job Mobility in Japan","authors":"Hirohisa Takenoshita","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.23.2_85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.23.2_85","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to make clear the determinants of job shift patterns in Japan. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of both individual level of resource and reward, and labor market structures which affect job mobility patterns. However, previous research on job mobility in Japan did not incorporate individual level of attributes such as resource and reward into systematic theoretical points of view while the impact of labor market structure on job mobility drew distinctive attention in Japan. In addition, many previous studies did not take into account the context of job shift because of a lack of available source of information in survey data. The present research pays attention to the divergence between voluntary and involuntary job mobility. The result shows that firm − specific skills and occupational reward made it less likely for employees to quit a job. It corresponds to the model of reward and resource. However, there is no evidence that general human capital which is transferable across firm would increase the likelihood of quitting a job as is seen in the U.S labor market. In addition, the way in which labor market structure influences job shift patterns is almost identical to the model of segmented labor market. In contrast, the way in which macroeconomic conditions for labor market affects rates of job shift in Japan is deviant from the hypothesis for the U.S labor market. This paper highlights the differences between voluntary and involuntary job mobility in Japan. Compared to the previous studies in the U.S, the job mobility patterns in Japan appear to be roughly similar to the ones for the United States whereas it seems that the institutional arrangements specific to Japanese labor market could make the job mobility patterns substantially different from those for the other indus-trialized countries. Cross − national comparison of intragenerational mobility which has lacked empirical studies would be further needed so that we can make clear the underpinnings of job mobility structure and institutional arrangements of labor market which diverge job mobility across country.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"44 1","pages":"85-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74931074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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