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Roadside Vegetation in and Around the Megacity of Kolkata Along an Urbanisation Gradient 加尔各答大城市及其周围沿城市化梯度的路边植被
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.6
N. Karmakar, J. Ballav, A. Hazra
Combustion of fossil fuels by the on-road vehicles is major contributor of air pollution which affects the surrounding vegetation and their habitat in addition to human health hazards. Study on the concurrence between vehicular greenhouse gas emissions and associated plant community is important to assess the present day problem scenario on environmental equilibrium. An ecological analysis has been carried out from five locations along roadside of the suburban interiors to the highly vehicle congested urban areas of Kolkata megacity. Quantitative study on naturally grown road side vegetation covering seedlings of tree and shrubby species, herbaceous annuals and perennials along the suitable length of each study area was conducted following standard methodology. Increasing vehicular pollution shows reciprocal correlation with species richness and species diversity. From community structure analyses across the emission gradient it was revealed that a few species exhibited tolerance to withstand increasing air contamination by successful population growth. Nevertheless, the present study might be worthwhile in assessing ecological status of the local plant communities subjected to varying level of vehicle traffic.
公路车辆燃烧化石燃料是空气污染的主要来源,除了危害人类健康外,还影响到周围的植被及其栖息地。研究汽车温室气体排放与相关植物群落的并发性对评估当前环境平衡问题情景具有重要意义。生态分析从沿着郊区内部的路边到加尔各答特大城市高度车辆拥挤的城市地区的五个地点进行。按照标准方法,对各研究区适宜长度沿线天然生长的乔木、灌木、草本和多年生植物幼苗进行了定量研究。机动车污染的增加与物种丰富度和物种多样性呈负相关关系。从排放梯度的群落结构分析中可以看出,少数物种通过种群的成功增长表现出对日益增加的空气污染的耐受性。然而,本研究对于评价不同交通水平下当地植物群落的生态状况可能是有价值的。
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引用次数: 1
Pollen Morphology of the Genus Tragopogon (Asteraceae) 菖蒲属(菊科)花粉形态研究
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.2
H. Azizi, M. Sheidai, V. Mozaffarian, Z. Noormohammadi
Tragopogon L. (Cichorioideae, Lactuceae, Scorzonerinae) is an Old World genus with 150 species. Pollen morphology has proved useful in the systematics of some genera and species of Asteraceae as well as in that of some of its genera and species. The pollen morphology of 24 taxa of the genus Tragopogon was investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pollen grain type ranged from suboblate, oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal in equatorial view and hexagonal, obtuse-hexagonal to hexagonal-angular in polar view. In this study separation of the species of the sections Majores, Profundisulcati, Sosnovsky, Chromopappus, Rubriflori according to Flora Iranica is presented from the other species of Tragopogon. T. jezdianus, T. porphyrocephalus, T. rezaiyensis are suggested to belong to Rubriflori section. The results indicate that the palynological characters of the genus Tragopogon are valuable for taxonomic applications and are useful for classification.
角甲(Tragopogon L.)是东半球的一个属,有150种。花粉形态在菊科某些属、种及某些属、种的系统分类中已被证明是有用的。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对兔角羚属24个分类群的花粉形态进行了详细的研究。赤道观花粉粒型为近半球形、扁球形至长球形,极观花粉粒型为六角形、钝六角形至六角形。本文介绍了《植物志》中所记载的大角象属(Majores)、profunddisulcati、Sosnovsky、Chromopappus、Rubriflori)和其他角象属(Tragopogon)的种间分离。jezdianus、porphyrocephalus、rezaiyensis被认为属于红毛虫科。结果表明,该属孢粉学特征具有一定的分类价值和分类价值。
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引用次数: 2
Molecular Markers (RAPD and SSR) Based Characterisation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Moss Hyophila Involuta 基于分子标记(RAPD和SSR)的内卷苔藓遗传多样性和群体结构表征
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.10
S. Pandey, A. Alam
Genetic relationships among 24 genotypes of Hyophila involuta collected from five different natural populations of Mount Abu (Rajasthan) is analysed using RAPD and SSR markers. Based on efficiency parameters calculated for each marker system such as polymorphic information content (RAPD = 0.34; SSR = 0.66), marker index (RAPD = 2.78; SSR = 2.62) and resolving power (RAPD = 8.13; SSR = 2.23), the RAPD marker system shows higher values for some indices but microsatellites are more accurately reproducible than RAPD. Moreover, in case of the SSR, the average number of alleles was almost twice compared to RAPD. Mean coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations with RAPD was Gst = 0.269, while with SSR marker was Fst = 0.224. The UPGMA cluster analysis assembled genotypes into two main clusters with diverse levels of sub-clustering within the clusters. Also, the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances. The observed moderately high genetic variability can be explained by efficient spore dispersal. Other factors such as reproductive mode, somatic mutation, continuous propagule recruitment and high degree of intermingling have great impact on the level of genetic variability in moss populations.
利用RAPD和SSR标记分析了从拉贾斯坦邦阿布山五个不同自然种群中采集的24种总合嗜热菌基因型之间的遗传关系。根据每个标记系统的效率参数,如多态信息含量(RAPD=0.34;SSR=0.66)、标记指数(RAPD 2.78;SSR 2.62)和分辨力(RAPD 8.13;SSR 2.23),RAPD标记系统在某些指标上显示出更高的值,但微卫星比RAPD更准确地再现。此外,在SSR的情况下,等位基因的平均数量几乎是RAPD的两倍。RAPD标记群体间的平均遗传分化系数Gst=0.269,SSR标记群体间遗传分化系数Fst=0.224。UPGMA聚类分析将基因型组合成两个主要聚类,聚类内具有不同水平的子聚类。此外,Mantel检验显示地理距离和遗传距离之间没有显著相关性。观察到的中等高的遗传变异性可以用有效的孢子传播来解释。繁殖模式、体细胞突变、繁殖体持续补充和高度混合等因素对苔藓种群的遗传变异水平有很大影响。
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引用次数: 1
Bryocrumia Malabarica Spec. Nova (Bryophyta, Hypnaceae), A Second Species of the Genus from the Western Ghats of India 印度西高止山脉Bryocrumia Malabarica Spec.Nova(苔藓植物门,Hypnaceae),属的第二种
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.9
C. N. Manju, B. Prajitha, R. Prakashkumar, W. Ma
A new species similar to Bryocrumia vivicolor, the only known species in the genus Bryocrumia, is described as Bryocrumia malabarica spec. nova from the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Kerala in Peninsular India. It resembles Homalia in external appearance and was collected in a rheophytic habitat along a stream channel in the evergreen forest. The new species is characterised by closely arranged leaves with distinct tricostate, ovate-rounded to truncate leaves, upper margin of leaf rounded with fine serrations and an inconspicuous central strand in stem cross section.
印度半岛喀拉拉邦西高止山脉马拉巴尔野生动物保护区的一个新物种被描述为Malaborumia malabarica spec.nova,该物种类似于胎生苔藓虫属中唯一已知的物种。它在外表上类似于类人猿,是在常绿森林中沿着溪流通道的流变植物栖息地采集的。该新种的特征是紧密排列的叶片,具有明显的三角状、卵形圆形至截形的叶片,叶片上边缘圆形,有细锯齿,茎横截面中有一条不明显的中心线。
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引用次数: 2
Notes on Extended Distribution of Drepanolejeunea Spicata and Lejeunea Stevensiana (Lejeuneaceae: Marchantiophyta) Two Scarcely known Species in India 关于印度两个鲜为人知的物种——锥锥虫(Drepanolejeunea Spicata)和小锥虫(Lejeunea Steveniana)的扩展分布的注记
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.12
S. Singh, S. Kumar
Two species of Lejeuneaceae, Drepanolejeunea spicata and Lejeunea stevensiana have been reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya, respectively. Both the species are poorly known in Indian bryoflora. Till now, the former one is known in India only through collection made by W. Giffith (JE-H3412) from an unknown locality of Assam, while the latter one has limited distribution in India and is known from Kerala, Sikkim and Darjeeling only. The detailed taxonomic descriptions and line drawing illustrations of both the species have been presented to assist with their future identification.
印控"阿鲁纳恰尔邦"和梅加拉亚首次报道了Lejeunaceae的两个物种,Drepanolejeuna spicata和Lejeuna stevensiana。这两个物种在印度苔藓植物区系中都鲜为人知。到目前为止,前者在印度仅通过W.Giffith(JE-H3412)从阿萨姆邦一个未知地区收集的藏品而为人所知,而后者在印度的分布有限,仅在喀拉拉邦、锡金和大吉岭已知。这两个物种的详细分类描述和白描插图已被提供,以帮助其未来的鉴定。
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引用次数: 2
Molecular Analysis and Phytochemical Profiling to Explore the Diversity of Garcinia Species Collected from Western Ghats of India 分子分析和植物化学图谱研究印度西高止山脉藤黄属物种多样性
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.1
J. Anerao, G. Sharangi, V. Jha, V. Pardhi, S. Chavan, N. Desai, K. Mangaonkar
Hydroxycitric acid made the genus Garcinia economically important. Genetic and chemical diversity has been studied in Garcinia species using molecular markers, HCA and antioxidant activity. Nine species were collected and screened for molecular diversity and six were subjected to analyse antioxidant and HCA content and its interspecies variability. A total of 129, 125 and 89 bands with polymorphism of 78.74%, 78.4% and 93.36% were obtained using ISSR, RAPD and EST-SSR, respectively. The average PIC value obtained with ISSR, RAPD and EST-SSR markers was 0.9161, 0.9440 and 0.8903, respectively. Determined HCA content by HILIC-HPLC system using 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (30:70) as mobile phase in fruit powder of various Garcinia species was found to be significantly different. G. gummi-gutta, G. indica and G. xanthochymus are rich of HCA containing 12.44±1.04%, 7.92±0.83% and 6.3±0.286%, respectively. G. morella, G. talbotii and G. celebica contained very negligible amount of HCA, 0.023±0.012%, 0.083±0.034% and 0.34±0.013%, correspondingly. G. talbotii showed high antioxidant capacity (95.40±0.720). Below that G. indica and G. xanthochymus were showing significant amount of total phenols (1.23±0.015 and 1.07±0.008), flavonoids (11.17±0.075 and 12.35±0.219) and antioxidant activity (90.73±0.976 and 91.37±0.854). Correlation analysis found significant association between molecular and chemical variation indicating influence of genetic background on the observed HCA and antioxidant profiles. The conducted analysis showed the most distinct species at the genetic and chemical levels were G. gummi-gutta, G. indica and G. xanthochymus. This study signifies the utility of molecular and chemical fingerprints for commercial exploitation of HCA from Garcinia species.
羟基柠檬酸使藤黄属具有重要的经济价值。利用分子标记、HCA和抗氧化活性研究了藤黄属植物的遗传和化学多样性。收集9个品种进行分子多样性筛选,分析6个品种抗氧化剂和HCA含量及其种间变异性。利用ISSR、RAPD和EST-SSR分别获得多态性为78.74%、78.4%和93.36%的129、125和89个条带。ISSR、RAPD和EST-SSR标记的平均PIC值分别为0.9161、0.9440和0.8903。以0.1%正磷酸和乙腈(30:70)为流动相,采用HILIC-HPLC体系测定不同藤黄属果粉中HCA的含量差异显著。甘露、籼米和黄齿茅的HCA含量分别为12.44±1.04%、7.92±0.83%和6.3±0.286%。morella、G. talbotii和G. celebica的HCA含量分别为0.023±0.012%、0.083±0.034%和0.34±0.013%,可以忽略不计。黄芪抗氧化能力较高(95.40±0.720)。在此基础上,黄酮类化合物含量分别为11.17±0.075和12.35±0.219,总酚含量分别为1.23±0.015和1.07±0.008,抗氧化活性分别为90.73±0.976和91.37±0.854。相关分析发现分子和化学变异之间存在显著的相关性,表明遗传背景对观察到的HCA和抗氧化谱的影响。分析结果表明,在遗传和化学水平上差异最大的种是gummi-gutta、G. indica和G. xanthochymus。本研究为藤黄属植物HCA的商业开发提供了分子指纹图谱和化学指纹图谱。
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引用次数: 0
Acrolejeunea Aulacophora (Marchantiophyta), New to Asia from the Western Ghats 亚洲西高止山脉新发现的竹竹属植物
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.3
A. Daniels
Acrolejeunea aulacophora (Mont.) Steph. is recorded for the first time in Asia. It was earlier known from Africa, Australia and New Caledonia. A detailed description with figures and a photographic plate is provided.
山竹竹(蒙特)史蒂芬妮。是首次在亚洲录得。早期发现于非洲、澳大利亚和新喀里多尼亚。提供了带有图形和照相底片的详细说明。
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引用次数: 1
The Fourth Checklist of Ukrainian Lichen-Forming and Lichenicolous Fungi with Analysis of Current Additions 乌克兰地衣形成和地衣真菌第四次检查表及当前添加情况分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.8
S. Kondratyuk, L. Popova, Alexander / Olexander Khodosovtsev, L. Lőkös, N. Fedorenko, N. Kapets
The “Fourth checklist of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine”, including 2150 accepted scientific names based on published records as well as analysis of current additions are provided. Current additions include 439 taxa newly recorded for Ukraine after the third checklist of lichens of Ukraine by Kondratyuk et al. (2010) and 262 nomenclatural novelties. Annotations to each taxon of 318 newly recorded to Ukraine are provided in the style of the second checklist by Kondratyuk et al. (1998), i.e. data on phytogeographical regions and administrative districts (oblasts) of Ukraine as well as references to published papers are provided. Among current additions 99 taxa were annotated in the Checklist of lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine by Darmostuk and Khodosovtsev (2017) and consequent references to the latter are provided.The conclusion confirms the earlier recommendation that national checklists of lichens are to be re-published more often than once a decade.
提供了“乌克兰地衣形成真菌和地衣真菌第四次清单”,其中包括根据已发表的记录和对当前添加的分析而接受的2150个学名。在Kondratyuk等人(2010年)对乌克兰地衣进行第三次核对后,目前新增的分类包括439个乌克兰新记录的分类群和262个命名新种。按照Kondratyuk等人(1998)编写的第二份清单的风格,对乌克兰新记录的318种植物的每个分类单元进行了注释,即提供了乌克兰植物地理区域和行政区划(州)的数据以及已发表论文的参考文献。在目前增加的99个分类群中,Darmostuk和Khodosovtsev(2017)在乌克兰地衣真菌清单中注释了99个分类群,并提供了对后者的后续参考。这一结论证实了早先的建议,即国家地衣检查清单应每十年不止一次地重新公布。
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引用次数: 9
Three New Synonyms of Lichens Based on type Collection of Kőfaragó-Gyelnik 基于Kőfaragó-Gyelnik类型集合的地衣三个新近义词
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-22 DOI: 10.1556/034.62.2020.3-4.8
J. M. Rodríguez, E. Filippini
We proposed Parmelia maculoides Gyeln. as a synonym of Punctelia stictica (Delise ex Duby) Krog;Physcia hosseana Gyeln. as a synonym of Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. and Teloschistes exilis (Michx.) Vain. f. inaequalis Gyeln. as a synonym of Teloschistes nodulifer (Nyl.) Hill- mann based on the study of the Argentinian type material of Kofarago-Gyelnik. We also confirmed the presence of Oropogon loxensis (syn. Bryopogon hosseusianus Gyeln.) in Central Argentina by comparing the type specimen with samples collected recently. Finally we excluded the presence of Parmotrema stuppeum (Taylor) Hale from Argentina.
我们提出了马丘比丘。作为刺毛虫的同义词(Delise ex Duby) Krog;作为星物理的同义词。Nyl。和Teloschistes exilis (mx .)徒劳的。f.不平等的吉伦。作为Teloschistes nodulifer (Nyl.)的同义词。希尔曼基于对科法拉戈-吉尔尼克的阿根廷型材料的研究。我们还通过与近期采集的样本进行比较,证实了在阿根廷中部存在loxensis(同:Bryopogon hosseusianus Gyeln.)。最后我们排除了来自阿根廷的Parmotrema stuppeum (Taylor) Hale的存在。
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引用次数: 0
Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Melastomataceae) – the first report of naturalisation of a potential invasive alien species in Asia from India 异心子子三棱藓科——一种从印度归化到亚洲的潜在外来入侵物种的首次报道
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.1
A. Balan, A. Rubí, R. Prakashkumar
Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link et Otto) A. Braun et C. D. Bouche, a potential invasive alien species is reported here for the first time for Asia from the Western Ghats of India. The plant is probably introduced deliberately into gardens for ornamental purpose from where it escaped and become naturalised in the Western Ghats. This species is a potential weed, which quickly conquers areas wherever introduced displacing the indigenous flora. A detailed description, illustration, photograph and relevant notes are provided for easy identification in the field.
本文首次报道了来自印度西高止山脉的异中心子亚triplintervium (Link et Otto) a. Braun et C. D. Bouche等亚洲潜在外来入侵物种。这种植物可能被故意引入花园作为观赏目的,它从那里逃出来,并在西高止山脉归化。这个物种是一种潜在的杂草,它很快征服了任何地方引入取代本地植物区系。提供了详细的描述、插图、照片和相关注释,以便在现场识别。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Botanica Hungarica
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