Bigyabati Rajkumari, Victor Rajkumar, D. Chingakham, R. Bishwalata
Background: There are various studies on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) from globally which are mainly focused on respiratory and other medical manifestations of the disease. There are few studies on ocular manifestations in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients. Objectives: We aim to investigate the ocular manifestations of hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care institute in the North Eastern part of India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients 18 years and above during July 1, 2021–December 31, 2021. A universal sampling method was employed. A structured pro forma was used for data collection along with detailed ocular examination. Descriptive statistics were generated from collected data. Approval of the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Results: A total of 105 patients were included in the study with ages ranging from 18 to 85 years and males constituting 63.8%. Around two-thirds of the patients (70, 66.7%) had not received any vaccination. Chest X-ray showed bilateral moderate consolidation in 59 (56.2%) patients. Twelve (11.4%) patients developed ocular signs and symptoms. Dry eye, redness of the eye, dimness of vision, itching, blurring of vision, and discharge from the eyes are some of the symptoms encountered. Two patients developed subconjunctival hemorrhage, one patient had a retinal hemorrhage and exposure keratopathy was detected in one patient. Conclusion: In this study, 11.4% of hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients have ocular manifestations. Post-COVID-19 syndrome could affect the eyes thus necessitating meticulous follow-up of patients who recovered from COVID-19.
{"title":"Ocular manifestations in post-coronavirus disease-2019 patients in a tertiary care institute in North-East India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Bigyabati Rajkumari, Victor Rajkumar, D. Chingakham, R. Bishwalata","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_75_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_75_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are various studies on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) from globally which are mainly focused on respiratory and other medical manifestations of the disease. There are few studies on ocular manifestations in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients. Objectives: We aim to investigate the ocular manifestations of hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care institute in the North Eastern part of India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients 18 years and above during July 1, 2021–December 31, 2021. A universal sampling method was employed. A structured pro forma was used for data collection along with detailed ocular examination. Descriptive statistics were generated from collected data. Approval of the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Results: A total of 105 patients were included in the study with ages ranging from 18 to 85 years and males constituting 63.8%. Around two-thirds of the patients (70, 66.7%) had not received any vaccination. Chest X-ray showed bilateral moderate consolidation in 59 (56.2%) patients. Twelve (11.4%) patients developed ocular signs and symptoms. Dry eye, redness of the eye, dimness of vision, itching, blurring of vision, and discharge from the eyes are some of the symptoms encountered. Two patients developed subconjunctival hemorrhage, one patient had a retinal hemorrhage and exposure keratopathy was detected in one patient. Conclusion: In this study, 11.4% of hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients have ocular manifestations. Post-COVID-19 syndrome could affect the eyes thus necessitating meticulous follow-up of patients who recovered from COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"106 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42460087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Srinithi, T. Prasad, Rajarajeswaran Krishnan, S. Kumar
Background: Substitution of nonopioid analgesic drugs in place of opioids perioperatively has become mandatory recently due to the development of the opioid crisis. This study emphasizes nonopioid alternatives to significantly reduce perioperative opioid consumption in gynecological surgeries. Objective: This study compared the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous (iv) paracetamol with dexmedetomidine in terms of postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score, sedation score, hemodynamic changes, and analgesic requirement in gynecological procedures. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized double-blinded study included females between the age of 18 and 60 years who underwent gynecological surgeries. Group P received iv paracetamol 1 g infusion, Group DP received an infusion of iv paracetamol 1 g with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg as infusion 10 min before the end of the surgery over 10 min. VAS score, sedation score, hemodynamic changes, and rescue analgesic requirement were observed up to 12 h postoperatively. Results: Group DP had a significantly lower VAS score in the 4th and 6th h (P = 0.009 and 0.023, respectively). Group P had significantly higher rescue analgesia than Group DP (P = 0.005). Group DP had a significantly higher heart rate than Group P at the 2nd and 4th h (P = 0.001) postoperatively. Group DP had significantly lower mean arterial pressure than Group P at 2 h (P = 0.001). Sedation score among Group DP was significantly higher till 10 h. Conclusion: Combining iv dexmedetomidine and paracetamol effectively reduces postoperative pain, analgesic requirements with good sedation score, and mild hemodynamic changes. Hence, it effectively increases postoperative comfort and reduces hospital stay and cost.
{"title":"A comparison of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous paracetamol with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia management in gynecological surgeries – A prospective randomized double-blinded study","authors":"A. Srinithi, T. Prasad, Rajarajeswaran Krishnan, S. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substitution of nonopioid analgesic drugs in place of opioids perioperatively has become mandatory recently due to the development of the opioid crisis. This study emphasizes nonopioid alternatives to significantly reduce perioperative opioid consumption in gynecological surgeries. Objective: This study compared the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous (iv) paracetamol with dexmedetomidine in terms of postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score, sedation score, hemodynamic changes, and analgesic requirement in gynecological procedures. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized double-blinded study included females between the age of 18 and 60 years who underwent gynecological surgeries. Group P received iv paracetamol 1 g infusion, Group DP received an infusion of iv paracetamol 1 g with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg as infusion 10 min before the end of the surgery over 10 min. VAS score, sedation score, hemodynamic changes, and rescue analgesic requirement were observed up to 12 h postoperatively. Results: Group DP had a significantly lower VAS score in the 4th and 6th h (P = 0.009 and 0.023, respectively). Group P had significantly higher rescue analgesia than Group DP (P = 0.005). Group DP had a significantly higher heart rate than Group P at the 2nd and 4th h (P = 0.001) postoperatively. Group DP had significantly lower mean arterial pressure than Group P at 2 h (P = 0.001). Sedation score among Group DP was significantly higher till 10 h. Conclusion: Combining iv dexmedetomidine and paracetamol effectively reduces postoperative pain, analgesic requirements with good sedation score, and mild hemodynamic changes. Hence, it effectively increases postoperative comfort and reduces hospital stay and cost.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"118 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46846434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is a new disease that results in a worldwide pandemic. A rapid increasing of studies regarding occurs within a few period after its first emergence. The infodemic of COVID-19 data occurs. On the one hand, it can bring useful new knowledge. On the other hand, the negative impact such as misconduct and exaggeration off data occurs. In addition, since this new disease occurs in the IT era, the public health communication through social media regarding COVID-19 is also an interesting public health phenomenon. In this brief report, the authors summarize and discuss on infodemic and its unwanted effect on COVID-19.
{"title":"Infodemic and its unwanted effect on COVID-19","authors":"P. Sookaromdee, V. Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_59_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_59_21","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a new disease that results in a worldwide pandemic. A rapid increasing of studies regarding occurs within a few period after its first emergence. The infodemic of COVID-19 data occurs. On the one hand, it can bring useful new knowledge. On the other hand, the negative impact such as misconduct and exaggeration off data occurs. In addition, since this new disease occurs in the IT era, the public health communication through social media regarding COVID-19 is also an interesting public health phenomenon. In this brief report, the authors summarize and discuss on infodemic and its unwanted effect on COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"91 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. AL-Khikani, Ahmed Al-Hussainy, Alia A. Hussein, Rasha Alshamary
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 associated with bacterial infection represents a serious public health challenge. Recently, there is a remarkable increase in the number of researches that confirms the effect of Helicobacter pylori on pulmonary diseases. Aim: The goal of this research was to see how H. pylori affected the presentation of COVID-19 infections as a prospective risk factor. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in Babylon, Iraq, from January 1, 2022, to March 5, 2022. A total of 180 people were engaged in this study, with 90 patients identified with SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction testing and 90 people serving as a control group. Antibody screening assays on blood samples were used to look for antibodies against H. pylori. The samples were processed for complete blood count and ABO blood group. Results: COVID-19 infection was more frequent in females than in males, especially between 31 and 45 years. When compared to healthy people, COVID-19 patients had a higher white blood cell count (P = 0.0001) and a lower lymphocyte count (P = 0.0001). H. pylori and COVID-19 have been found to have a strong relationship, especially in females. When comparing patients to healthy people, blood group A is the most common. Conclusion: People with H. pylori infections are considerably more sensitive to COVID-19 than people without H. pylori infections (P = 0.011). In combination with SARS-CoV-2, IgG for H. pylori might be a risk factor.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and Helicobacter pylori and some hematological parameters: A case–control study","authors":"F. AL-Khikani, Ahmed Al-Hussainy, Alia A. Hussein, Rasha Alshamary","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The SARS-CoV-2 associated with bacterial infection represents a serious public health challenge. Recently, there is a remarkable increase in the number of researches that confirms the effect of Helicobacter pylori on pulmonary diseases. Aim: The goal of this research was to see how H. pylori affected the presentation of COVID-19 infections as a prospective risk factor. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in Babylon, Iraq, from January 1, 2022, to March 5, 2022. A total of 180 people were engaged in this study, with 90 patients identified with SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction testing and 90 people serving as a control group. Antibody screening assays on blood samples were used to look for antibodies against H. pylori. The samples were processed for complete blood count and ABO blood group. Results: COVID-19 infection was more frequent in females than in males, especially between 31 and 45 years. When compared to healthy people, COVID-19 patients had a higher white blood cell count (P = 0.0001) and a lower lymphocyte count (P = 0.0001). H. pylori and COVID-19 have been found to have a strong relationship, especially in females. When comparing patients to healthy people, blood group A is the most common. Conclusion: People with H. pylori infections are considerably more sensitive to COVID-19 than people without H. pylori infections (P = 0.011). In combination with SARS-CoV-2, IgG for H. pylori might be a risk factor.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"129 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42651698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Psoriasis is one of the common psychosomatic illnesses which have impairment of physical, psychological, social functioning of an individual. This impairment may lead to psychiatric morbidities such as anxiety disorders and depressive disorder which increase the suicidal risk in these patients. The present hospital-based comparative study was carried out to evaluate the depression and suicidal risk in patients with psoriasis and to compare them with healthy control. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Fifty patients with psoriasis were enrolled for the study after their informed consent with purposive sampling method from the department of dermatology in a tertiary care hospital in the northeastern part of India and compared them with those of the control group. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scale. The same patients were evaluated by the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders tenth revision research criteria along with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and suicidal risk assessment form to diagnose and grade depression and assess for suicidal risk. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16.0. Results: The incidence of depression was significantly higher in the psoriasis patient group (44%) in comparison to the control group. Among them, 50% of the depressed patients had mild depression and 31.9% of the patients had very severe depression with death wish with suicidal ideation. Furthermore, 4.6% of the depressed patients have a high risk of suicide. Conclusions: These findings indicate the need of early recognition of depression and suicidal risk among these patients and their early intervention will improve the primary disease process and will prevent a devastating outcome like suicide.
{"title":"Assessment of depression and suicidal risk in patients with psoriasis: A hospital-based cross sectional study","authors":"Pranjal Dey, R. Zaman, J. Nath","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_88_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_88_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psoriasis is one of the common psychosomatic illnesses which have impairment of physical, psychological, social functioning of an individual. This impairment may lead to psychiatric morbidities such as anxiety disorders and depressive disorder which increase the suicidal risk in these patients. The present hospital-based comparative study was carried out to evaluate the depression and suicidal risk in patients with psoriasis and to compare them with healthy control. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Fifty patients with psoriasis were enrolled for the study after their informed consent with purposive sampling method from the department of dermatology in a tertiary care hospital in the northeastern part of India and compared them with those of the control group. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scale. The same patients were evaluated by the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders tenth revision research criteria along with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and suicidal risk assessment form to diagnose and grade depression and assess for suicidal risk. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16.0. Results: The incidence of depression was significantly higher in the psoriasis patient group (44%) in comparison to the control group. Among them, 50% of the depressed patients had mild depression and 31.9% of the patients had very severe depression with death wish with suicidal ideation. Furthermore, 4.6% of the depressed patients have a high risk of suicide. Conclusions: These findings indicate the need of early recognition of depression and suicidal risk among these patients and their early intervention will improve the primary disease process and will prevent a devastating outcome like suicide.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"124 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Devi, Laishram Devi, Y. Singh, Thangjam Nirpendra, Ramthaipou Kamei, M. Ramalingam
Background: Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in elderly patients typically has a poor prognosis and addition of aggressive local therapy to the systemic therapy could provide encouraging outcomes with prolonged survival in certain patients with stage IV NSCLC. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS) between single-agent chemotherapy (CT) followed by external-beam radiotherapy versus single-agent CT alone in elderly patients with metastatic NSCLC. Materials and Methods: In a randomized prospective study, after taking Ethical committees approval, 40 patients aged from 60 to 82 years were enrolled and divided into two equal groups: Arm A and Arm B. Both the arms received Gemcitabine 1 g/m2/dose as 30 min intravenous infusion on D1, D8, and D15 of 28-day cycle or D1 and D8 of a 21-day cycle for a total of 3–4 cycles, whereas Arm A received radiation 45–55 Gy @ 180 cgy/fraction after CT. Treatment response and PFS against time were analyzed using Friedman's test and Kaplan − Meier method. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The demographic profiles of the patients were comparable between the two groups. Most patients have Stage IV M1b disease and squamous cell carcinoma subtype and bone metastasis. There were marked symptomatic improvements in both the arms. The overall treatment response was 70.0% in Arm A and 50.0% in Arm B with median follow-up was 8 months. Median PFS and overall survival were 5 months and 8 months for arm A, respectively whereas it was 4 months and 7 months for Arm B (P = 0.03). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that sequential single agent CT followed by radiation has shown survival advantage in certain patients with Stage IV NSCLC.
{"title":"A comparative study on sequential single-agent chemotherapy followed by radiation versus single-agent chemotherapy alone in elderly patients of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"A. Devi, Laishram Devi, Y. Singh, Thangjam Nirpendra, Ramthaipou Kamei, M. Ramalingam","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in elderly patients typically has a poor prognosis and addition of aggressive local therapy to the systemic therapy could provide encouraging outcomes with prolonged survival in certain patients with stage IV NSCLC. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS) between single-agent chemotherapy (CT) followed by external-beam radiotherapy versus single-agent CT alone in elderly patients with metastatic NSCLC. Materials and Methods: In a randomized prospective study, after taking Ethical committees approval, 40 patients aged from 60 to 82 years were enrolled and divided into two equal groups: Arm A and Arm B. Both the arms received Gemcitabine 1 g/m2/dose as 30 min intravenous infusion on D1, D8, and D15 of 28-day cycle or D1 and D8 of a 21-day cycle for a total of 3–4 cycles, whereas Arm A received radiation 45–55 Gy @ 180 cgy/fraction after CT. Treatment response and PFS against time were analyzed using Friedman's test and Kaplan − Meier method. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The demographic profiles of the patients were comparable between the two groups. Most patients have Stage IV M1b disease and squamous cell carcinoma subtype and bone metastasis. There were marked symptomatic improvements in both the arms. The overall treatment response was 70.0% in Arm A and 50.0% in Arm B with median follow-up was 8 months. Median PFS and overall survival were 5 months and 8 months for arm A, respectively whereas it was 4 months and 7 months for Arm B (P = 0.03). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that sequential single agent CT followed by radiation has shown survival advantage in certain patients with Stage IV NSCLC.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"112 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pabitramala Nandeibam, K. Pradipkumar, Supriya Keisham, H. Nabachandra
Background: Approximately 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents (RTAs). According to the National Crime Record Bureau, a total of 368,828 traffic accidents were reported in the country in 2020, and out of these, 96% of the cases were due to RTAs with 354,796 cases and 37% fatality. Objectives: The objective is to study the demographic profile of victims of fatal road accidents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of forensic medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Imphal on all cases of fatal RTA brought in between October 2015 and September 2018. All data including the postmortem findings were analyzed and presented. Results: Out of 478 medicolegal autopsies conducted during the study period, 159 (33.3%) were vehicular accident fatalities. The majority of the victims were males in the age group of >20–30 years (22.64%) and pedestrians (30.82%). Most of the accidents (40.88%) occurred during the afternoon period between 12 Noon and 6 PM and in the winter months (50.9%), with maximum cases occurring on national highways (55.3%). The cause of death of the victims was due to head injuries in 42.14%. Conclusions: Several factors are responsible for RTAs. There is clearly a need for road safety education among road users. The licensing authorities should adopt stricter, more comprehensive, and scientifically based test.
{"title":"Epidemiological survey of fatal road traffic accident in Imphal, Manipur","authors":"Pabitramala Nandeibam, K. Pradipkumar, Supriya Keisham, H. Nabachandra","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_43_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_43_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Approximately 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents (RTAs). According to the National Crime Record Bureau, a total of 368,828 traffic accidents were reported in the country in 2020, and out of these, 96% of the cases were due to RTAs with 354,796 cases and 37% fatality. Objectives: The objective is to study the demographic profile of victims of fatal road accidents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of forensic medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Imphal on all cases of fatal RTA brought in between October 2015 and September 2018. All data including the postmortem findings were analyzed and presented. Results: Out of 478 medicolegal autopsies conducted during the study period, 159 (33.3%) were vehicular accident fatalities. The majority of the victims were males in the age group of >20–30 years (22.64%) and pedestrians (30.82%). Most of the accidents (40.88%) occurred during the afternoon period between 12 Noon and 6 PM and in the winter months (50.9%), with maximum cases occurring on national highways (55.3%). The cause of death of the victims was due to head injuries in 42.14%. Conclusions: Several factors are responsible for RTAs. There is clearly a need for road safety education among road users. The licensing authorities should adopt stricter, more comprehensive, and scientifically based test.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"48 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43385170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has enforced a new norm in the world with maximum dependence on technology in day-to-day living as well as the academic atmosphere. Globally, students are profoundly affected but more specifically medical students are subjected to immense stress, which is bound to affect their sleep and thus the sleep-regulating hormone, melatonin. Young medical students right at the entry to their professional career have, therefore, been hit by the changing scenario with most classes becoming online and increasing dependence on technological gadgets such as smartphones and laptops. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the sleep pattern of 1st-year medical students, survey their mobile phone use, and to estimate their serum melatonin levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a Northeast India Medical Institute using standard questionnaires, Pittsburgh's Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Problematic Mobile Phone Usage Questionnaire among medical students and estimating their early morning serum melatonin level by ELISA assay. Statistical Analysis: Data collected were entered in SSPS version 21 and analyzed using descriptive measures, and statistical significances were set at P < 0.05. Results: One hundred and one students (Male: 49 and Female: 52) in the age range of 18–23 years responded to the study which recorded poor sleep quality in 53.5% and good sleep in 46.5%. Poor sleep quality as indicated by PSQI score >5 was reported in 63.5% of females and 42.9% of males which was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Out of these poor sleepers, 66.7% of males and 54.5% of females reported mobile phone usage for more than 2 up to 6 h. Comparatively, poor sleep quality was reported in only 19% of male students as compared to 27% of females among those using mobiles beyond 6 h. Besides, 14% of males and 18% of females among poor sleepers reported using mobiles <2 h. Further, in 80 respondents (Male: 40 and Female: 40) randomly selected for estimation of their early morning sample, serum melatonin level was estimated as 99.25 ± 72.07 pg/ml in males and 109.76 ± 84.54 pg/ml in females. Conclusion: Nearly 2/3rd of poor sleeper, 1st-year medical male students use mobiles for 2–6 h daily during the pandemic while Only ½ of the females do. However, among those poor sleepers using mobiles beyond 6 h daily, females outnumbered males. Estimated Serum smelatonin levels were also relatively higher than those reported in nonpandemic studies.
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 on sleep pattern, mobile usage, and serum melatonin level among 1st-year medical students","authors":"Lalmalsawma Hnamte, Jayshree Phurailatpam, Memeeka Laishram","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_150_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_150_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has enforced a new norm in the world with maximum dependence on technology in day-to-day living as well as the academic atmosphere. Globally, students are profoundly affected but more specifically medical students are subjected to immense stress, which is bound to affect their sleep and thus the sleep-regulating hormone, melatonin. Young medical students right at the entry to their professional career have, therefore, been hit by the changing scenario with most classes becoming online and increasing dependence on technological gadgets such as smartphones and laptops. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the sleep pattern of 1st-year medical students, survey their mobile phone use, and to estimate their serum melatonin levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a Northeast India Medical Institute using standard questionnaires, Pittsburgh's Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Problematic Mobile Phone Usage Questionnaire among medical students and estimating their early morning serum melatonin level by ELISA assay. Statistical Analysis: Data collected were entered in SSPS version 21 and analyzed using descriptive measures, and statistical significances were set at P < 0.05. Results: One hundred and one students (Male: 49 and Female: 52) in the age range of 18–23 years responded to the study which recorded poor sleep quality in 53.5% and good sleep in 46.5%. Poor sleep quality as indicated by PSQI score >5 was reported in 63.5% of females and 42.9% of males which was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Out of these poor sleepers, 66.7% of males and 54.5% of females reported mobile phone usage for more than 2 up to 6 h. Comparatively, poor sleep quality was reported in only 19% of male students as compared to 27% of females among those using mobiles beyond 6 h. Besides, 14% of males and 18% of females among poor sleepers reported using mobiles <2 h. Further, in 80 respondents (Male: 40 and Female: 40) randomly selected for estimation of their early morning sample, serum melatonin level was estimated as 99.25 ± 72.07 pg/ml in males and 109.76 ± 84.54 pg/ml in females. Conclusion: Nearly 2/3rd of poor sleeper, 1st-year medical male students use mobiles for 2–6 h daily during the pandemic while Only ½ of the females do. However, among those poor sleepers using mobiles beyond 6 h daily, females outnumbered males. Estimated Serum smelatonin levels were also relatively higher than those reported in nonpandemic studies.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"60 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43125302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical student is expected to acquire a significant amount of knowledge during their training period and this becomes major stress for them. The purpose of the current review was to understand the need for active learning and student engagement and identify the various tools or strategies to promote student engagement. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine, and a total of 21 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include student engagement and medical education in the title alone only. Student engagement is a crucial aspect to ensure active learning as it aids in stimulating and enhancing the ability of students to comprehend the concepts and apply them. As we envisage interactive teaching should be the new norm in medical education delivery, it becomes a crucial factor that medical teachers should use appropriate tools/vignettes to ensure student engagement. To conclude, considering the complexities in medical education, ensuring student engagement during the teaching–learning session is of paramount importance. It becomes the responsibility of the teachers to employ various strategies and tools to engage students in the class, as it will help them to acquire knowledge and skills better and will eventually prepare them for their future competent medical practitioner.
{"title":"Promoting active learning and student engagement in undergraduate medical education","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_140_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_140_21","url":null,"abstract":"Medical student is expected to acquire a significant amount of knowledge during their training period and this becomes major stress for them. The purpose of the current review was to understand the need for active learning and student engagement and identify the various tools or strategies to promote student engagement. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine, and a total of 21 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include student engagement and medical education in the title alone only. Student engagement is a crucial aspect to ensure active learning as it aids in stimulating and enhancing the ability of students to comprehend the concepts and apply them. As we envisage interactive teaching should be the new norm in medical education delivery, it becomes a crucial factor that medical teachers should use appropriate tools/vignettes to ensure student engagement. To conclude, considering the complexities in medical education, ensuring student engagement during the teaching–learning session is of paramount importance. It becomes the responsibility of the teachers to employ various strategies and tools to engage students in the class, as it will help them to acquire knowledge and skills better and will eventually prepare them for their future competent medical practitioner.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"39 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mishra, Somendra Singh, S. Singh, Vipin Gupta, P. Gupta, Anil Sharma, Shesh Kumar, M. Agarwal
Background: Mastalgia in the reproductive age group is common among women. Treatment is not yet standardized for these conditions. The majority of treatments used for mastalgia is costly and have side effects. The aim of our study was to find the efficacy of centchroman for regression of mastalgia in a predominantly rural population, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 70) patients treated with centchroman and Group 2 (n = 70) patients treated with placebo for 12 weeks. The main outcomes are evaluated after one week to look for any intolerance, followed by repeated follow-ups at four, twelve, and twenty-four weeks to evaluate the treatment response using the VAS score and the side effects. Results: The mean age of patients in Group 1 was 29.63 ± 9.67 years and 32.32 ± 9.74 years in Group 2. The baseline mean VAS score was 6.40 ± 1.65 and 5.83 ± 1.69, respectively. After 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-up, the mean VAS score was significantly decreased in patients treated with centchroman. On intragroup comparison, the mean VAS score was significantly decreased at baseline to 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-ups. In both the groups, gastritis and headache were comparable, and delayed menstruation was significantly more in patients treated with centchroman. Conclusion: Centchroman has substantial efficacy, with a marginal effect on regression, of mastalgia in women of the reproductive age group, and it can be used as the first line of treatment.
{"title":"Prospective clinical study to evaluate role of centchroman in regression of mastalgia in rural population","authors":"S. Mishra, Somendra Singh, S. Singh, Vipin Gupta, P. Gupta, Anil Sharma, Shesh Kumar, M. Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_115_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_115_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mastalgia in the reproductive age group is common among women. Treatment is not yet standardized for these conditions. The majority of treatments used for mastalgia is costly and have side effects. The aim of our study was to find the efficacy of centchroman for regression of mastalgia in a predominantly rural population, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 70) patients treated with centchroman and Group 2 (n = 70) patients treated with placebo for 12 weeks. The main outcomes are evaluated after one week to look for any intolerance, followed by repeated follow-ups at four, twelve, and twenty-four weeks to evaluate the treatment response using the VAS score and the side effects. Results: The mean age of patients in Group 1 was 29.63 ± 9.67 years and 32.32 ± 9.74 years in Group 2. The baseline mean VAS score was 6.40 ± 1.65 and 5.83 ± 1.69, respectively. After 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-up, the mean VAS score was significantly decreased in patients treated with centchroman. On intragroup comparison, the mean VAS score was significantly decreased at baseline to 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-ups. In both the groups, gastritis and headache were comparable, and delayed menstruation was significantly more in patients treated with centchroman. Conclusion: Centchroman has substantial efficacy, with a marginal effect on regression, of mastalgia in women of the reproductive age group, and it can be used as the first line of treatment.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"78 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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