Y. Devi, Olisha Sumer, Bidyarani Kongbrailatpam, L. Kumar, Prahllad Debnath, Robertson Sawian, R. Khuraijam
Background: Alarming increase of hepatitis C infection among the general population has put a significant risk among health-care workers (HCWs). This study aims to find the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among HCWs and its importance for surveillance. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Imphal, among healthy volunteer HCWs in October 2020 regardless of their COVID-19 status where blood samples were collected and tested for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Merilisa HCV). Results: A total of 378 nonconsecutive blood samples were obtained from volunteers aged between 21 and 65 years. The majority of samples were from Imphal West district with a female preponderance of 66.93%. Two positive cases were detected with a prevalence of 0.53% belonging to occupational Category II and III. Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 30–39 years, with both positive cases falling in this group. One case was newly detected, while the other was known as a case of hepatitis infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis C infection among HCWs is common. Infection control should be prioritized when dealing with patients directly or indirectly. Since no vaccine is available, HCWs require periodic screening. Thus, routine surveillance will help combat such infections among HCWs as a result of occupational exposure.
{"title":"Serosurveillance of hepatitis C Infection among health-care workers in RIMS, Imphal","authors":"Y. Devi, Olisha Sumer, Bidyarani Kongbrailatpam, L. Kumar, Prahllad Debnath, Robertson Sawian, R. Khuraijam","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_128_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_128_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alarming increase of hepatitis C infection among the general population has put a significant risk among health-care workers (HCWs). This study aims to find the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among HCWs and its importance for surveillance. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Imphal, among healthy volunteer HCWs in October 2020 regardless of their COVID-19 status where blood samples were collected and tested for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Merilisa HCV). Results: A total of 378 nonconsecutive blood samples were obtained from volunteers aged between 21 and 65 years. The majority of samples were from Imphal West district with a female preponderance of 66.93%. Two positive cases were detected with a prevalence of 0.53% belonging to occupational Category II and III. Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 30–39 years, with both positive cases falling in this group. One case was newly detected, while the other was known as a case of hepatitis infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis C infection among HCWs is common. Infection control should be prioritized when dealing with patients directly or indirectly. Since no vaccine is available, HCWs require periodic screening. Thus, routine surveillance will help combat such infections among HCWs as a result of occupational exposure.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"83 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70806453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Singh, Sanjeev Singh, I. Okyere, Anbarasu Annamalai, Arti Singh
Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing bleeding, re-exploration, and blood transfusion in patients who underwent a cardiac surgical procedure for mitral valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A single-center, prospective, randomized, and double-blind clinical comparison study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical approval; sixty patients of either gender between 18 and 60 years of age were randomly divided into two batches: EACA batch (n = 30) given 100 mg/kg EACA as a bolus during induction of anesthesia and then infused at 20 mg/kg/h during surgery and 6 h after surgery and TXA batch (n = 30) given TXA 20 mg/kg/h as a bolus during induction of anesthesia and then infused at 2 mg/kg/h during surgery and 6 h after surgery. The patient parameters, blood loss, transfusion requirements in the first 24 h, and other complications were recorded. Results: Blood loss per hour through the chest tube drain was significantly lower for the first 6 postoperative hours in the TXA than in the EACA (P < 0.05). The total postoperative blood loss was 416 ± 47.74 ml and 489 ± 42.12 ml in 24 h (P = 0.0001), and the blood transfusion requirement was 0.45 ± 0.62 units and 0.86 ± 0.87 units (P = 0.0481) in the TXA and EACA, respectively. The re-exploration rate was 3.34% and 13.34% in TXA and EACA (P = 0.0629). Five percent of the patients reported seizures in the study (P > 0.05). The findings of this study suggested that prophylactic therapy with EACA or TXA was effective and safer in reducing perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgical procedures with mitral valve replacement. Furthermore, TXA was significantly more effective than EACA.
{"title":"Comparison of effectiveness and safety of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery","authors":"L. Singh, Sanjeev Singh, I. Okyere, Anbarasu Annamalai, Arti Singh","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_149_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_149_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing bleeding, re-exploration, and blood transfusion in patients who underwent a cardiac surgical procedure for mitral valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A single-center, prospective, randomized, and double-blind clinical comparison study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical approval; sixty patients of either gender between 18 and 60 years of age were randomly divided into two batches: EACA batch (n = 30) given 100 mg/kg EACA as a bolus during induction of anesthesia and then infused at 20 mg/kg/h during surgery and 6 h after surgery and TXA batch (n = 30) given TXA 20 mg/kg/h as a bolus during induction of anesthesia and then infused at 2 mg/kg/h during surgery and 6 h after surgery. The patient parameters, blood loss, transfusion requirements in the first 24 h, and other complications were recorded. Results: Blood loss per hour through the chest tube drain was significantly lower for the first 6 postoperative hours in the TXA than in the EACA (P < 0.05). The total postoperative blood loss was 416 ± 47.74 ml and 489 ± 42.12 ml in 24 h (P = 0.0001), and the blood transfusion requirement was 0.45 ± 0.62 units and 0.86 ± 0.87 units (P = 0.0481) in the TXA and EACA, respectively. The re-exploration rate was 3.34% and 13.34% in TXA and EACA (P = 0.0629). Five percent of the patients reported seizures in the study (P > 0.05). The findings of this study suggested that prophylactic therapy with EACA or TXA was effective and safer in reducing perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgical procedures with mitral valve replacement. Furthermore, TXA was significantly more effective than EACA.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"52 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Powthong, Warangkana Lektrakul, Bajaree Juntrapanukorn, C. Luprasong, Chaowalit Monton
Background: The rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many Asian nations, and their therapeutic properties have been acknowledged in many traditional recipes. Aims and Objectives: Investigate the in vitro biological effect of the aqueous-ethanol and ethanol crude extract received from three medicinal plants in the family Zingiberaceae. Materials and Methods: Three species of Zingiberaceae plants including Curcuma longa L., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) and Curcuma aromatica Salisb.were gathered and evaluated for their phytochemical contents, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant characteristics using the aqueous-ethanol (30:70%) and ethanol (95%) extraction and varying according to single and mixed extracts (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 ratio respectively) for determining the synergistic effects. Results: It was indicated that extracts of the three selected plant contained at least 5 from 13 phytochemical constituents. The single aqueous-ethanol extract of C. aromatica Salisb. and synergy achieved at 1:1:1 ratio of aqueous-ethanol extract showed the highest effective anti-inflammatory activity. The greatest antioxidant activity was found in a single ethanol extract of C. zedoaria (Christm.) and synergistically obtained at a 1:1:1 ratio of aqueous-ethanol extract. Furthermore, we discovered that combination extract produced greater outcomes than utilizing the mono extract alone. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that screening for chosen Zingiberaceae plant extracts is a favorable representation of the value of screening for cosmetically and medicinal purposes.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and potential applications of the ethanol and aqueous-ethanol extracts of some selected plant in family Zingiberaceae plants for cosmeceutical and health-promoting food","authors":"P. Powthong, Warangkana Lektrakul, Bajaree Juntrapanukorn, C. Luprasong, Chaowalit Monton","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_145_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_145_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many Asian nations, and their therapeutic properties have been acknowledged in many traditional recipes. Aims and Objectives: Investigate the in vitro biological effect of the aqueous-ethanol and ethanol crude extract received from three medicinal plants in the family Zingiberaceae. Materials and Methods: Three species of Zingiberaceae plants including Curcuma longa L., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) and Curcuma aromatica Salisb.were gathered and evaluated for their phytochemical contents, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant characteristics using the aqueous-ethanol (30:70%) and ethanol (95%) extraction and varying according to single and mixed extracts (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 ratio respectively) for determining the synergistic effects. Results: It was indicated that extracts of the three selected plant contained at least 5 from 13 phytochemical constituents. The single aqueous-ethanol extract of C. aromatica Salisb. and synergy achieved at 1:1:1 ratio of aqueous-ethanol extract showed the highest effective anti-inflammatory activity. The greatest antioxidant activity was found in a single ethanol extract of C. zedoaria (Christm.) and synergistically obtained at a 1:1:1 ratio of aqueous-ethanol extract. Furthermore, we discovered that combination extract produced greater outcomes than utilizing the mono extract alone. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that screening for chosen Zingiberaceae plant extracts is a favorable representation of the value of screening for cosmetically and medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43675841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shukla, Bhagavandas A Rai, Himanshu Gupta, Viral Gadhiya, Kunjan J. Patel
Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors. They are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine radiography. We report a case of complex odontoma in the maxillary anterior region that caused pain and prevented the eruption of a maxillary central incisor. This case is significant as there are very few reports of complex odontoma erupting in the maxillary anterior region of the oral cavity.
{"title":"A complex odontoma of the anterior maxilla associated with an unerupted maxillary central incisor: A rare entity","authors":"A. Shukla, Bhagavandas A Rai, Himanshu Gupta, Viral Gadhiya, Kunjan J. Patel","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_46_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_46_21","url":null,"abstract":"Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors. They are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine radiography. We report a case of complex odontoma in the maxillary anterior region that caused pain and prevented the eruption of a maxillary central incisor. This case is significant as there are very few reports of complex odontoma erupting in the maxillary anterior region of the oral cavity.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"88 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Supriya, N. Pabitramala, K. Singh, D. James, C. Deepen
Background: Drowning is a major cause of death worldwide and it is the third leading cause of unintentional injury deaths accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. Different factors are responsible for causing death due to drowning. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of death due to drowning in relation to epidemiological factors and to find out postmortem examination findings and manner of death of such cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of drowning deaths brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Imphal was conducted for 10 years. Data obtained were entered in a pro forma and later analyzed statistically. Results: In this study period, there were 110 cases of drowning cases. Male: female ratio was 10:1. The highest number of victims was observed in the age group of 21-30 years and the maximum number occurred in rivers, i.e., 54.54%. In 67.27% of the cases, there were signs of asphyxia and in 40% of the cases, froth was present around the mouth and nostrils. Cadaveric spasm which was considered the surest sign of antemortem drowning was observed in only 2.72%. Lungs were found to be voluminous in 77.27% of the cases. Maximum occurred in the rainy season. Conclusion: The manner of death could not be ascertained in the present study however from history, most of the cases seem to be accidental. Public awareness and water safety measures need to be improved to prevent drowning deaths.
{"title":"A retrospective analysis of drowning deaths in Imphal","authors":"K. Supriya, N. Pabitramala, K. Singh, D. James, C. Deepen","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_46_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_46_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drowning is a major cause of death worldwide and it is the third leading cause of unintentional injury deaths accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. Different factors are responsible for causing death due to drowning. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of death due to drowning in relation to epidemiological factors and to find out postmortem examination findings and manner of death of such cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of drowning deaths brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Imphal was conducted for 10 years. Data obtained were entered in a pro forma and later analyzed statistically. Results: In this study period, there were 110 cases of drowning cases. Male: female ratio was 10:1. The highest number of victims was observed in the age group of 21-30 years and the maximum number occurred in rivers, i.e., 54.54%. In 67.27% of the cases, there were signs of asphyxia and in 40% of the cases, froth was present around the mouth and nostrils. Cadaveric spasm which was considered the surest sign of antemortem drowning was observed in only 2.72%. Lungs were found to be voluminous in 77.27% of the cases. Maximum occurred in the rainy season. Conclusion: The manner of death could not be ascertained in the present study however from history, most of the cases seem to be accidental. Public awareness and water safety measures need to be improved to prevent drowning deaths.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"65 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bikash Debbarma, S. Konjengbam, Vijaya Elangbam, Soubam Christina, B. Akoijam
Context: Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is an important strategy to reduce the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy. Consequently, it reduces risk of maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and poor birth outcomes. Nonadherence to IFA supplementation is a challenging factor in combating IDA. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nonadherence to IFA supplementation among pregnant women and identify the factors associated with it. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending public health facilities of Bishnupur district, Manipur. Pregnant women with ≥20 weeks of period of gestation were recruited consecutively from the antenatal care clinics of the selected public health facilities. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pretested semi-structured interview schedule. Association between nonadherence to IFA supplementation and background characteristics and antenatal profile was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28 ± 5.7 years, and 69% were multigravida. Among 396 women who were currently consuming IFA tablets, 25% were nonadherent. Bad taste, side effects, and inadequate supply were cited as the main reasons for irregular intake. The presence of comorbidities (P < 0.001), government supply as source of IFA tablets (P = 0.001), and adequate knowledge about IFA tablets (P = 0.04) were found to be significantly associated with nonadherence. Other associated factors were religion, education, socioeconomic status, and period of gestation. Conclusions: The prevalence of nonadherence was high among pregnant women in Bishnupur district. The importance of IFA supplementation and its adherence should be emphasized to pregnant women.
{"title":"Prevalence of nonadherence to iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Bishnupur district of Manipur","authors":"Bikash Debbarma, S. Konjengbam, Vijaya Elangbam, Soubam Christina, B. Akoijam","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_82_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_82_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is an important strategy to reduce the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy. Consequently, it reduces risk of maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and poor birth outcomes. Nonadherence to IFA supplementation is a challenging factor in combating IDA. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nonadherence to IFA supplementation among pregnant women and identify the factors associated with it. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending public health facilities of Bishnupur district, Manipur. Pregnant women with ≥20 weeks of period of gestation were recruited consecutively from the antenatal care clinics of the selected public health facilities. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pretested semi-structured interview schedule. Association between nonadherence to IFA supplementation and background characteristics and antenatal profile was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28 ± 5.7 years, and 69% were multigravida. Among 396 women who were currently consuming IFA tablets, 25% were nonadherent. Bad taste, side effects, and inadequate supply were cited as the main reasons for irregular intake. The presence of comorbidities (P < 0.001), government supply as source of IFA tablets (P = 0.001), and adequate knowledge about IFA tablets (P = 0.04) were found to be significantly associated with nonadherence. Other associated factors were religion, education, socioeconomic status, and period of gestation. Conclusions: The prevalence of nonadherence was high among pregnant women in Bishnupur district. The importance of IFA supplementation and its adherence should be emphasized to pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"43 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47441593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulated patients in the training of medical students: Justifying the need and Points to ponder","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_113_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_113_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70806332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of ligature marks in hanging: A retrospective study of autopsies in the mortuary of a tertiary health-care center in North East India from 2011 to 2019","authors":"M. Phanjoubam, S. Singh, S. Devi, T. Devi","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_142_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_142_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70806806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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