Background: Adolescence is a period during which maximum physical, psychological, and behavioral changes take place. Dietary habits and lifestyle during adolescence are risk factors for several nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Objective: The objective is to assess the dietary practices and physical activity among the school-going adolescents of Bishnupur district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the school students of standard VIII to X of Bishnupur District. A total of 840 students were selected using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean intakes of energy, protein, and fat. A P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Overall, the adolescents reported poor dietary intakes; around half (47.7%) of the students reported consumption of fast food on the previous day. Almost half (51.8%) of them had fast foods/junk foods 1–3 times a week. The study also found that 369 (43.9%) participants performed moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. Conclusion: The study found that a considerable proportion of adolescents was adopting unhealthy dietary practices and more than half of them were not engaged in physical activity daily. Hence, it is recommended that addressing these risk factors should be given the highest priority and various strategies of primordial, primary, and secondary prevention should be applied.
{"title":"Dietary practices and physical activity among the school-going adolescents of Bishnupur district, Manipur","authors":"Laishram Sanjana, S. Konjengbam, Soubam Christina","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_76_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_76_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is a period during which maximum physical, psychological, and behavioral changes take place. Dietary habits and lifestyle during adolescence are risk factors for several nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Objective: The objective is to assess the dietary practices and physical activity among the school-going adolescents of Bishnupur district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the school students of standard VIII to X of Bishnupur District. A total of 840 students were selected using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean intakes of energy, protein, and fat. A P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Overall, the adolescents reported poor dietary intakes; around half (47.7%) of the students reported consumption of fast food on the previous day. Almost half (51.8%) of them had fast foods/junk foods 1–3 times a week. The study also found that 369 (43.9%) participants performed moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. Conclusion: The study found that a considerable proportion of adolescents was adopting unhealthy dietary practices and more than half of them were not engaged in physical activity daily. Hence, it is recommended that addressing these risk factors should be given the highest priority and various strategies of primordial, primary, and secondary prevention should be applied.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"35 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49408136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aims: Dyserythropoiesis is an altered state of erythropoiesis in bone marrow, classically seen in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. However, it can manifest in a variety of other disorders like stress erythropoiesis resulting from intense erythropoietic proliferative drive. We aim to quantify and study the light microscopic dyserythropoietic features in various reactive hematological and nonhematological disorders on bone marrow aspirates. Materials and Methods: Of a total of 150 bone marrow aspirate smears showing dyserythropoietic features, 132 smears met the adequacy criteria and were included. They were categorized into seven broad groups based on bone marrow diagnosis. The percentage of erythroid cells showing dyserythropoiesis on bone marrow aspirate, and the morphological features of dyserythropoiesis, including nuclear budding, multinuclearity, internuclear bridging, karyorrhexis, megaloblastosis, and cytoplasmic vacuoles, were scored semiquantitatively in each case. These features were compared between the above-mentioned groups. Results: Bone marrow diagnoses included erythroid hyperplasia, megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia, reactive marrow, megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and eosinophilia. The maximum dyserythropoietic changes were noted in erythroid and megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia (75%–90%). Nuclear budding was the most frequent change seen through all groups, while cytoplasmic vacuoles followed by internuclear bridging were less frequently observed. Conclusions: Of all three hematopoietic lineages, erythroid series is the most prone to dysplasia. Erythroid hyperplasia, due to an increased erythropoietic drive, can show prominent dyserythropoietic changes on bone marrow aspirate and is indicative of reactive rather than neoplastic process. Therefore, the use of isolated dyserythropoiesis in diagnosing clonal disorders (MDS) warrants an extreme caution.
{"title":"Dyserythropoiesis: A morphology-based study on bone marrow specimens","authors":"S. Misra, P. Bharati, Ankur Majumder, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_70_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_70_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Dyserythropoiesis is an altered state of erythropoiesis in bone marrow, classically seen in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. However, it can manifest in a variety of other disorders like stress erythropoiesis resulting from intense erythropoietic proliferative drive. We aim to quantify and study the light microscopic dyserythropoietic features in various reactive hematological and nonhematological disorders on bone marrow aspirates. Materials and Methods: Of a total of 150 bone marrow aspirate smears showing dyserythropoietic features, 132 smears met the adequacy criteria and were included. They were categorized into seven broad groups based on bone marrow diagnosis. The percentage of erythroid cells showing dyserythropoiesis on bone marrow aspirate, and the morphological features of dyserythropoiesis, including nuclear budding, multinuclearity, internuclear bridging, karyorrhexis, megaloblastosis, and cytoplasmic vacuoles, were scored semiquantitatively in each case. These features were compared between the above-mentioned groups. Results: Bone marrow diagnoses included erythroid hyperplasia, megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia, reactive marrow, megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and eosinophilia. The maximum dyserythropoietic changes were noted in erythroid and megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia (75%–90%). Nuclear budding was the most frequent change seen through all groups, while cytoplasmic vacuoles followed by internuclear bridging were less frequently observed. Conclusions: Of all three hematopoietic lineages, erythroid series is the most prone to dysplasia. Erythroid hyperplasia, due to an increased erythropoietic drive, can show prominent dyserythropoietic changes on bone marrow aspirate and is indicative of reactive rather than neoplastic process. Therefore, the use of isolated dyserythropoiesis in diagnosing clonal disorders (MDS) warrants an extreme caution.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41515806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have generated an extraordinary amount of interest in cancer research in the last decade. More recently, TLR-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to support tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Aim: Estimating the concentrations of TLR6 and TLR4 in serum and breast tissue of women with breast tumors. Materials and Methods: Blood and breast tissue were collected from 50 women (14–60 years) undergoing breast surgery at AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital and Al-Sadiq Hospital in Babylon Province. Histological confirmation of breast diseases, whether benign or malignant tumors, was done by the histological laboratory in the hospital. Twenty blood samples were collected from healthy women as controls. TLR4 and TLR6 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum of patients and controls as well as they were also determined in supernatant of cells in patients' breast tissues. Results: The mean of TLR4 concentration was nonsignificantly increased in the serum of patients 4.58 ± 1.60 pg/ml than controls 4.18 ± 0.72 pg/ml (P = 0.28). The systemic mean of TLR6 in the serum of the patient was 2.11 pg/ml, while in control was 1.58 pg/ml with significant differences (P = 0.01). TLR4 concentrations also appeared systemically higher than local in different diseases. TLR6 concentrations were increased in local (tissue) than systemic with different disease types. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of TLR4 and TLR6 in the serum (systemic) of women with breast tumors (r = 0.353; P = 0.04). Conclusions: The systemic mean of TLR6 in the serum of the patient was 2.11 pg/ml, while in control was 1.58 pg/ml with significant differences (P = 0.01).
{"title":"Estimation of systemic and mucosal toll-like receptors 4 and 6 in women with breast tumor","authors":"Thamer Shaheed, Wala Barem, F. Abd, F. Al-Khikani","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_72_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_72_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have generated an extraordinary amount of interest in cancer research in the last decade. More recently, TLR-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to support tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Aim: Estimating the concentrations of TLR6 and TLR4 in serum and breast tissue of women with breast tumors. Materials and Methods: Blood and breast tissue were collected from 50 women (14–60 years) undergoing breast surgery at AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital and Al-Sadiq Hospital in Babylon Province. Histological confirmation of breast diseases, whether benign or malignant tumors, was done by the histological laboratory in the hospital. Twenty blood samples were collected from healthy women as controls. TLR4 and TLR6 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum of patients and controls as well as they were also determined in supernatant of cells in patients' breast tissues. Results: The mean of TLR4 concentration was nonsignificantly increased in the serum of patients 4.58 ± 1.60 pg/ml than controls 4.18 ± 0.72 pg/ml (P = 0.28). The systemic mean of TLR6 in the serum of the patient was 2.11 pg/ml, while in control was 1.58 pg/ml with significant differences (P = 0.01). TLR4 concentrations also appeared systemically higher than local in different diseases. TLR6 concentrations were increased in local (tissue) than systemic with different disease types. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of TLR4 and TLR6 in the serum (systemic) of women with breast tumors (r = 0.353; P = 0.04). Conclusions: The systemic mean of TLR6 in the serum of the patient was 2.11 pg/ml, while in control was 1.58 pg/ml with significant differences (P = 0.01).","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"9 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45625339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperhemolysis following red cell transfusion is a potentially fatal complication in sickle cell disease patients. Red cell alloimmunization can lead to a delayed hemolytic reaction further leading to hyperhemolysis resulting in the destruction of patients' own red blood cells. The chances of alloimmunization increases when there are ethnic differences between the donor and recipients. We report the case of a 25-year-old female with sickle cell anemia, treated with packed red cells in a remote island of North Andaman, India, who suffered from hemolytic transfusion reaction and hyperhemolysis yet could be successfully treated to recovery with the available resources. She had a severe hemolysis, anemia with the hemoglobin levels than pretransfusion hemoglobin, jaundice, acute kidney failure, and deranged liver function tests. Multiple alloantibodies “anti-C and anti-E” were found in her serum which were potentially hemolytic. She was treated with forced diuresis, steroids, and hemodialysis and recovered in a span of 10–14 days.
{"title":"The management of fatal hyperhemolysis in a sickle cell anemia patient transfused in a remote Island in North Andaman","authors":"P. Shaiji, P. Abdul Shahid, Yameena Hameed","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_74_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_74_22","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperhemolysis following red cell transfusion is a potentially fatal complication in sickle cell disease patients. Red cell alloimmunization can lead to a delayed hemolytic reaction further leading to hyperhemolysis resulting in the destruction of patients' own red blood cells. The chances of alloimmunization increases when there are ethnic differences between the donor and recipients. We report the case of a 25-year-old female with sickle cell anemia, treated with packed red cells in a remote island of North Andaman, India, who suffered from hemolytic transfusion reaction and hyperhemolysis yet could be successfully treated to recovery with the available resources. She had a severe hemolysis, anemia with the hemoglobin levels than pretransfusion hemoglobin, jaundice, acute kidney failure, and deranged liver function tests. Multiple alloantibodies “anti-C and anti-E” were found in her serum which were potentially hemolytic. She was treated with forced diuresis, steroids, and hemodialysis and recovered in a span of 10–14 days.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"41 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garima Gupta, S. Raina, Mukul Bhatnagar, D. Kapoor
Introduction: Treadmill test (TMT) is a safer, cheaper, reliable, and easily available noninvasive screening tool for the early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: 150 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus without established clinical diagnosis of CAD attending cardiology outpatient department at a tertiary care center of Northwest India who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled in the study. Subjects were classified into three groups based on their symptoms and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings. Group 1 (n = 50): Cases who had no symptoms suggestive of CAD and had a normal ECG, Group 2 (n = 50): Cases who were asymptomatic but resting ECG showed some abnormality (ST-T changes), and Group 3 (n = 50): Cases who were symptomatic for CAD (typical or atypical) with either normal or abnormal resting ECG. The TMT was done using a computerized TMT machine model and continuous ECG recording was taken. Results: In Group 1, 18% were TMT positive and 82% were TMT negative, in Group 2, 34% were TMT positive and 66% were TMT negative, and in Group 3, 50% were TMT positive and 50% were TMT negative. Hence, out of the three groups, Group 3 has a proportionally, significantly higher number of TMT-positive cases and this difference in TMT positivity was statistically significant. Conclusion: Exercise stress test can be widely used test as a test for early diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Usefulness of exercise stress test in early diagnosis of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients","authors":"Garima Gupta, S. Raina, Mukul Bhatnagar, D. Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_99_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_99_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Treadmill test (TMT) is a safer, cheaper, reliable, and easily available noninvasive screening tool for the early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: 150 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus without established clinical diagnosis of CAD attending cardiology outpatient department at a tertiary care center of Northwest India who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled in the study. Subjects were classified into three groups based on their symptoms and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings. Group 1 (n = 50): Cases who had no symptoms suggestive of CAD and had a normal ECG, Group 2 (n = 50): Cases who were asymptomatic but resting ECG showed some abnormality (ST-T changes), and Group 3 (n = 50): Cases who were symptomatic for CAD (typical or atypical) with either normal or abnormal resting ECG. The TMT was done using a computerized TMT machine model and continuous ECG recording was taken. Results: In Group 1, 18% were TMT positive and 82% were TMT negative, in Group 2, 34% were TMT positive and 66% were TMT negative, and in Group 3, 50% were TMT positive and 50% were TMT negative. Hence, out of the three groups, Group 3 has a proportionally, significantly higher number of TMT-positive cases and this difference in TMT positivity was statistically significant. Conclusion: Exercise stress test can be widely used test as a test for early diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"20 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42613534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Filicide, or the murder of one's own child, is an unfathomable crime. Every now and then, filicide gets media attention. One positive outcome that may be derived from this factor is practitioners' heightened awareness that parents may, for a variety of reasons, be compelled to kill their children. Materials and Methods: This article presents 10 cases of paternal filicide to spread awareness about the concept of filicide, its prevalence, modus operandi, and causes in contemporary times. These cases were studied from the postmortem records of a tertiary health-care center in Northeast India during the past 10 years, i.e., from 2012 to 2022. Results: All the cases were paternal filicides. The ages of the victims ranged from newborns to adolescents. The motives were usually associated with mental and social disturbances in the family life of the perpetrators. Modus operandi ranged from smothering to the use of blunt and sharp weapons and from impulsive to calculated acts. Many factors are involved in the dynamics of a filicidal situation. It is therefore difficult to identify specific warning signals for the prevention of this type of homicide. Conclusion: The knowledge of filicide will hopefully bring about clinicians' increased exploration of patients' thoughts of harming their children, which may ultimately lead to the prevention of these senseless crimes. Mental health professionals and the general population must be made aware of the importance of early assessment of possible filicidal tendencies when a man verbalizes delusional ideas about his child and/or if he manifests disorganized and bizarre behavior.
{"title":"Filicide in Northeast India: A study of 10 cases","authors":"S. Neha, M. Phanjoubam","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_78_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_78_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Filicide, or the murder of one's own child, is an unfathomable crime. Every now and then, filicide gets media attention. One positive outcome that may be derived from this factor is practitioners' heightened awareness that parents may, for a variety of reasons, be compelled to kill their children. Materials and Methods: This article presents 10 cases of paternal filicide to spread awareness about the concept of filicide, its prevalence, modus operandi, and causes in contemporary times. These cases were studied from the postmortem records of a tertiary health-care center in Northeast India during the past 10 years, i.e., from 2012 to 2022. Results: All the cases were paternal filicides. The ages of the victims ranged from newborns to adolescents. The motives were usually associated with mental and social disturbances in the family life of the perpetrators. Modus operandi ranged from smothering to the use of blunt and sharp weapons and from impulsive to calculated acts. Many factors are involved in the dynamics of a filicidal situation. It is therefore difficult to identify specific warning signals for the prevention of this type of homicide. Conclusion: The knowledge of filicide will hopefully bring about clinicians' increased exploration of patients' thoughts of harming their children, which may ultimately lead to the prevention of these senseless crimes. Mental health professionals and the general population must be made aware of the importance of early assessment of possible filicidal tendencies when a man verbalizes delusional ideas about his child and/or if he manifests disorganized and bizarre behavior.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46844802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Verma, Subodh Kumar, A. Pandey, RP Singh, S. Chaudhri, S. Kant, S. Katiyar
Introduction: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy in terms of clinical effectiveness and patients' acceptability regarding the use of dry powder inhaler devices in asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were recruited from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, India. A total number of patients were divided into three groups and were given different dry powder inhalation devices, randomly Group one-Rotahaler; Group Two-Diskhaler; and Group Three-Transhaler. Spirometry was performed, and the inhalation technique was checked in each follow-up visit. Results: Patients with asthma in all three studied groups improved from the prescribed inhaled steroids, irrespective of the inhalational device. Min Max % as a marker for peak expiratory flow rate variability, improved in all three groups without any significant difference. Predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second percent considered as a marker of asthma severity improved significantly in all patients, but without any significant difference between groups. Conclusion: We conclude that these inhalers, particularly in mild-to-moderate asthma, have comparable efficacy; however, we carried out intensive monitoring and teaching of inhalational technique, which could be the reason behind insignificant difference.
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of various dry powder inhalation devices in the treatment of bronchial asthma patients","authors":"A. Verma, Subodh Kumar, A. Pandey, RP Singh, S. Chaudhri, S. Kant, S. Katiyar","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy in terms of clinical effectiveness and patients' acceptability regarding the use of dry powder inhaler devices in asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were recruited from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, India. A total number of patients were divided into three groups and were given different dry powder inhalation devices, randomly Group one-Rotahaler; Group Two-Diskhaler; and Group Three-Transhaler. Spirometry was performed, and the inhalation technique was checked in each follow-up visit. Results: Patients with asthma in all three studied groups improved from the prescribed inhaled steroids, irrespective of the inhalational device. Min Max % as a marker for peak expiratory flow rate variability, improved in all three groups without any significant difference. Predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second percent considered as a marker of asthma severity improved significantly in all patients, but without any significant difference between groups. Conclusion: We conclude that these inhalers, particularly in mild-to-moderate asthma, have comparable efficacy; however, we carried out intensive monitoring and teaching of inhalational technique, which could be the reason behind insignificant difference.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"26 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45850915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is classified into many subclasses based on its atherogenic propensity, with small dense (sd) LDL being a highly important risk biomarker for early coronary heart disease (CHD). Nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) is made up of all atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein-C, intermediate-density lipoprotein-C, lipoprotein (a), chylomicrons, and chylomicron remnants. Apolipoproteins, which include apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1, are cholesterol transporters that play a key role in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Apo-B and Apo-A1 indicate total atherogenic and nonatherogenic particles, respectively. Materials and Methods: This case–control research was done on participants visiting the cardiology and medicine OP in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center. The research included 546 people ranging in age from 30 to 55 years. After an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained for the measurement of apolipoprotein-B and apolipoprotein-A1 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The calculation was used to determine the sd-LDL, non-HDL, and Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratios. Results: When compared to controls, the CHD group had significantly higher levels of sd-LDL, non-HDL, apolipoproteins, and the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio. In contrast, the mean level of LDL in CHD was higher and statistically significant (P < 0.001) when compared to normal healthy controls. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a high correlation between sd-LDL, nonHDL-C, apolipoproteins, and their Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio. When compared to standard lipid indicators, the estimate of all of these parameters appears to be a better marker in predicting the early risk of cardiovascular disease in both diabetic and nondiabetic CHD participants and might be utilized successfully in clinical practice.
{"title":"An investigation into the use of an extended lipid panel in the screening of cardiovascular events","authors":"M. Shivasekar, T. Jaishankar, V. Vinodhini","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_94_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_94_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is classified into many subclasses based on its atherogenic propensity, with small dense (sd) LDL being a highly important risk biomarker for early coronary heart disease (CHD). Nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) is made up of all atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein-C, intermediate-density lipoprotein-C, lipoprotein (a), chylomicrons, and chylomicron remnants. Apolipoproteins, which include apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1, are cholesterol transporters that play a key role in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Apo-B and Apo-A1 indicate total atherogenic and nonatherogenic particles, respectively. Materials and Methods: This case–control research was done on participants visiting the cardiology and medicine OP in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center. The research included 546 people ranging in age from 30 to 55 years. After an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained for the measurement of apolipoprotein-B and apolipoprotein-A1 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The calculation was used to determine the sd-LDL, non-HDL, and Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratios. Results: When compared to controls, the CHD group had significantly higher levels of sd-LDL, non-HDL, apolipoproteins, and the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio. In contrast, the mean level of LDL in CHD was higher and statistically significant (P < 0.001) when compared to normal healthy controls. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a high correlation between sd-LDL, nonHDL-C, apolipoproteins, and their Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio. When compared to standard lipid indicators, the estimate of all of these parameters appears to be a better marker in predicting the early risk of cardiovascular disease in both diabetic and nondiabetic CHD participants and might be utilized successfully in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Smoking causes cardiovascular risk which may alter the stability between the production and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc-containing endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix and plays a vital role in tissue remodeling. As a result, elevated serum MMP-9 levels produced by smoking, particularly in younger age, raise the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD). Aim and Objective: Our aim is to find out the possible relationship between circulating MMP-9 and the risk of cardiovascular disease in young smokers. Materials and Methods: The study contains three groups. Group 1 includes 60 young active smokers with diabetic CHD, Group 2 includes 60 young active smokers with CHD, and Group 3 includes 60 healthy controls as nonsmokers who were attending SRM Medical College Hospital in Tamil Nadu for cardiology and medicine OP. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was used to measure serum MMP-9, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and apolipoprotein E (APO-E) levels, and enzymatic techniques were employed to quantify lipid levels. Results: When compared to the controls, the mean serum MMP-9, hsCRP, and APO-E levels were significantly higher in both the groups. The study also shows a significant positive association between MMP-9 with hsCRP, APO-E, smoking burden, and smoking intensity. Conclusion: The study concludes that increased MMP-9 levels, particularly in inflammatory conditions caused by smoking, are associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Elevated circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its association with cardiovascular risk in young smokers","authors":"Dinesh Nath, M. Shivasekar, V. Vinodhini","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_98_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_98_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking causes cardiovascular risk which may alter the stability between the production and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc-containing endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix and plays a vital role in tissue remodeling. As a result, elevated serum MMP-9 levels produced by smoking, particularly in younger age, raise the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD). Aim and Objective: Our aim is to find out the possible relationship between circulating MMP-9 and the risk of cardiovascular disease in young smokers. Materials and Methods: The study contains three groups. Group 1 includes 60 young active smokers with diabetic CHD, Group 2 includes 60 young active smokers with CHD, and Group 3 includes 60 healthy controls as nonsmokers who were attending SRM Medical College Hospital in Tamil Nadu for cardiology and medicine OP. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was used to measure serum MMP-9, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and apolipoprotein E (APO-E) levels, and enzymatic techniques were employed to quantify lipid levels. Results: When compared to the controls, the mean serum MMP-9, hsCRP, and APO-E levels were significantly higher in both the groups. The study also shows a significant positive association between MMP-9 with hsCRP, APO-E, smoking burden, and smoking intensity. Conclusion: The study concludes that increased MMP-9 levels, particularly in inflammatory conditions caused by smoking, are associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"94 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferin Fathima, Ravi Shantaraj, S. Pradeep, D. Rajashekar, I. Kumar
Objectives: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of conditioning the enamel surface with 10% papain gel and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and correlate it with the conventional bonding mechanism utilizing a universal testing machine. Materials and Methods: Ninety extracted human premolars divided into three groups: In Group 1, treatment with 5.25% NaOCl for 60 s on enamel surface followed by etchant and primer application. In Group 2, treatment with 10% Papain gel for 40 s followed by etching and primer application. In Group 3, etching was followed by primer application. A universal testing machine was used to record the SBS of the orthodontic brackets. Results: About 5.25% NaOCl (15.10 ± 2.66) and 10% papain gel (15.66 ± 2.83) treatment on enamel before acid etching when compared to the control group (12.82 ± 2.03) increased the SBS with a statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The experimental groups, NaOCl (15.10 ± 2.66) and papain gel (15.66 ± 2.83) group, were comparable but did not show any statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.665). Conclusion: SBS of orthodontic brackets can be significantly increased if the enamel is deproteinized with 5.25% NaOCl and 10% papain gel before acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid compared to the conventional bonding technique. Deproteinizing enamel can be considered a cost-effective ally to increase orthodontic brackets' bond strength and thereby reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"A comparison of the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded after enamel conditioning with sodium hypochlorite and papain gel: An in vitro study","authors":"Ferin Fathima, Ravi Shantaraj, S. Pradeep, D. Rajashekar, I. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_116_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_116_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of conditioning the enamel surface with 10% papain gel and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and correlate it with the conventional bonding mechanism utilizing a universal testing machine. Materials and Methods: Ninety extracted human premolars divided into three groups: In Group 1, treatment with 5.25% NaOCl for 60 s on enamel surface followed by etchant and primer application. In Group 2, treatment with 10% Papain gel for 40 s followed by etching and primer application. In Group 3, etching was followed by primer application. A universal testing machine was used to record the SBS of the orthodontic brackets. Results: About 5.25% NaOCl (15.10 ± 2.66) and 10% papain gel (15.66 ± 2.83) treatment on enamel before acid etching when compared to the control group (12.82 ± 2.03) increased the SBS with a statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The experimental groups, NaOCl (15.10 ± 2.66) and papain gel (15.66 ± 2.83) group, were comparable but did not show any statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.665). Conclusion: SBS of orthodontic brackets can be significantly increased if the enamel is deproteinized with 5.25% NaOCl and 10% papain gel before acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid compared to the conventional bonding technique. Deproteinizing enamel can be considered a cost-effective ally to increase orthodontic brackets' bond strength and thereby reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"101 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43089719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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