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Understanding the Belt and Road Initiative 理解“一带一路”倡议
Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v2i1.26750
D. Bhattarai
China’s project of the century- Belt and Road Initiative - is a signature foreign policy project of President Xi Jinping. Launched in 2013, BRI contains two components- overland belt connecting China with Central Asia, Russia, South Asia and Europe, and Maritime Silk Road for enhancing connectivity, and maritime cooperation linking Chinese ports with Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe. BRI wraps up these two initiatives in it and intends to cover the number of countries along the route that happens to be the biggest market in the world with enormous potentials for trade and investment cooperation. BRI has both economic and strategic messages behind a massive infrastructure plan covering a vast network of connectivity linking 60 countries. BRI has sparked a variety of responses, some welcoming and supporting it, some expressing reservations, some willing to participate “for shaping the outcome from within”, and some wanting it to firmly match the international standards of transparency, openness, and the fiscal soundness of the country. Nepal formally became a part of BRI by signing a Memorandum of Understanding on Framework Agreement in May 2017 for enhancing more connectivity and integration, though Nepal is not included in any of the six economic corridors unveiled by China. China recently suggesting Nepal to trim projects from 35 to 9 reflects the standard of the work done by the Nepali government and its lack of preparedness and seriousness. Infrastructure development is key to progress and prosperity. As China remains engaged in improving connectivity in the neighborhood, there is a great optimism about BRI in Nepal. Against this background, this article looks at the significance of BRI, examines past attempts made at connectivity, responses to BRI and Nepal's participation in it.
“一带一路”倡议于2013年启动,包括连接中国与中亚、俄罗斯、南亚、欧洲的陆路经济带和加强互联互通的海上丝绸之路,以及连接中国港口与东南亚、南亚、非洲、中东和欧洲的海上合作。“一带一路”是“一带一路”和“一带一路”的结合,旨在覆盖沿线国家,这些国家恰好是世界上最大的市场,贸易和投资合作潜力巨大。“一带一路”是一个庞大的基础设施计划,涵盖了连接60个国家的庞大网络,背后既有经济信息,也有战略信息。“一带一路”倡议引发了各种各样的反应,有人表示欢迎和支持,有人表示保留,有人愿意“从内部决定结果”,有人希望“一带一路”倡议与透明、开放和国家财政健全的国际标准保持一致。尼泊尔于2017年5月签署了一份框架协议谅解备忘录,正式成为“一带一路”的一部分,以加强互联互通和一体化,尽管尼泊尔不包括在中国公布的六条经济走廊中的任何一条。中国最近建议尼泊尔将35个项目削减到9个,这反映了尼泊尔政府的工作水平,也反映了尼泊尔政府缺乏准备和认真态度。基础设施建设是进步繁荣的关键。中国积极推动周边互联互通建设,尼泊尔对“一带一路”倡议持乐观态度。在此背景下,本文着眼于“一带一路”倡议的重要性,分析了过去在互联互通方面的尝试、对“一带一路”的回应以及尼泊尔的参与。
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引用次数: 2
Personnel Management System in Armed Police Force, Nepal 尼泊尔武装警察部队人事管理制度
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26708
Narendra Raj Paudel, Srijana Pahari
This paper analyze the Armed personnel management system in Armed Police Force (APF), Nepal drawing information from secondary sources especially from APF headquarter including interview with key persons retired from APF. The study reveals that APF has moderately success to manage APF personnel to achieve its goal to maintain peace and security and safeguard national sovereignty. Because of its professional manpower produced by APF, almost all people appreciate its role played during natural disaster in the country. Despite of these activities performed by APF, there are vital issues revealed from the study that there needs proper human resource planning to promote effectiveness and efficiency in APF, Nepal. Recruitment of Armed personnel through open competition is delayed because of government’s delayed decisions. Likewise, promotion process especially in higher position is more often impacted due to government delayed decisions. Trainings in APF have been conducting for promotion purpose without assessing training need. The trainings are also constrained due to inadequate resource allocation. APF personnel are also not satisfied with the existing salary system of the country. The study concludes that there are a lot of rooms to improve personnel management system in APF, Nepal for its betterment.
本文对尼泊尔武装警察部队(武警部队)的武装人员管理制度进行了分析,并从二手资料特别是武警部队总部获取了相关资料,包括对武警部队退役主要人员的访谈。研究表明,APF在管理APF人员以实现其维护和平与安全、维护国家主权的目标方面取得了适度的成功。由于APF所产生的专业人力,几乎所有人都欣赏它在国家自然灾害中所发挥的作用。尽管APF进行了这些活动,但研究显示,需要适当的人力资源规划来促进尼泊尔APF的有效性和效率,这是至关重要的问题。由于政府迟迟不作决定,通过公开竞争招募武装人员的工作被推迟。同样,晋升过程,特别是在较高的职位上,往往受到政府延迟决策的影响。在没有评估培训需求的情况下,为促销目的进行了APF培训。由于资源分配不足,培训也受到限制。APF人员也对国家现有的工资制度不满意。研究得出结论,尼泊尔APF的人事管理系统还有很多改进的空间。
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引用次数: 0
National and Ecological Security Contextualized in Nepal’s “Development” Pathways 尼泊尔“发展”路径中的国家与生态安全语境
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26725
Naresh. Rimal
The study purports to analysis the environmental security issues in Nepal and its relation with the sustainable national planning. The concerns of ecological security need visible attention at all level from the policy to local. The paper is focused on the need of conceptualizing that there is need of resilience at the level of infrastructural development and maintenance and social capital enhancement and enrichment for a community to be able to withstand a particular event or disaster. Creating a resilient community helps to ensure the kind of development the world is looking for today.
本研究旨在分析尼泊尔的环境安全问题及其与可持续国家规划的关系。生态安全问题需要从政策层面到地方层面的明显关注。本文的重点是需要概念化,即在基础设施发展和维护以及社会资本增强和丰富的层面上需要恢复力,以便社区能够承受特定的事件或灾难。创建一个有弹性的社区有助于确保实现当今世界所寻求的那种发展。
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引用次数: 1
Post Disaster Reconstruction in Sindhupalchok after Earthquake 2015: Problem and Prospects 2015年Sindhupalchok地震后重建:问题与展望
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26709
T. Dangi
This research has been carried out amidst of delay accomplishment of Post Disaster Reconstruction (PDR) to find out the problem and prospect of PDR in Sindhupalchowk. All data has been collected from primary and secondary source. Data from secondary source, National Reconstruction Authority, field visit and FGD has been incorporated as par requirement. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis was the main instrument for this study. The frequency, intensity, severity and ramification of disaster are increasing day by day. The number of dead, injured, displaced and damage is also increasing. Disaster is becoming a great threat for human, social, economic and environmental sustainability and for development. PDR is a program of recovery and rehabilitation phase of disaster management where actions taken to restore and improve pre-disaster living condition of affected communities. PDR is usually slow, expensive, complex and controversial issue which gives positive result only if it is carried out in well managed, transparent and participatory approach. Build back better and linking reconstruction with development and economic activities are the fundamental and essential element of successful reconstruction. Socioeconomic condition of people can be enhanced by adopting appropriate measure in PDR. After earthquake 2015, NRA has been established and is working all over the affected area of Nepal. Sindhupalchok is one of the most affected districts by earthquake 2015, where NRA has launched its reconstruction program which is in progress but is not as successful as expected before. Political instability, bureaucratic inefficiency, lack of sufficient finance, trained human resource and construction material, poverty and noncompliance of people are major reason behind the delay accomplishment of PDR. Government has to execute its policy strictly and people also have to be cooperative towards the government policy and should reconstruct their house according to the guidelines of NRA within given timeframe.
本研究是在辛杜帕尔乔克省灾后重建工作延迟完成的背景下进行的,旨在找出辛杜帕尔乔克省灾后重建工作存在的问题和前景。所有数据均来自一手和二手来源。来自二手来源、国家重建局、实地考察和烟气脱硫的数据已作为基本要求纳入。定性和定量数据分析是本研究的主要工具。灾害发生的频率、强度、严重程度和影响范围日益增加。死亡、受伤、流离失所和破坏的人数也在增加。灾害正在成为对人类、社会、经济和环境的可持续性以及发展的巨大威胁。灾后重建是灾害管理的恢复和重建阶段,在此阶段采取行动恢复和改善受灾社区的灾前生活条件。PDR通常是一个缓慢、昂贵、复杂和有争议的问题,只有以管理良好、透明和参与性的方式进行才能取得积极成果。更好地重建并将重建与发展和经济活动联系起来是成功重建的根本和必要因素。通过采取适当的措施,人民的社会经济状况可以得到改善。2015年地震后,NRA已经成立,并在尼泊尔受灾地区开展工作。Sindhupalchok是受2015年地震影响最严重的地区之一,NRA已经启动了重建计划,该计划正在进行中,但并不像之前预期的那样成功。政治不稳定、官僚效率低下、缺乏足够的资金、训练有素的人力资源和建筑材料、贫困和人们的不服从是PDR延迟完成的主要原因。政府必须严格执行其政策,人民也必须配合政府的政策,并在规定的时间内根据NRA的指导方针重建他们的房子。
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引用次数: 0
Border Disputes and Its Impact on Bilateral Relation: A Case of Nepal- India International Border Management 边界争端及其对双边关系的影响:以尼泊尔-印度国际边界管理为例
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26710
T. Baral
This paper examines the historical events of Nepal-India international boundary. How the delineation and demarcation of international boundary was carried out, is strategically explained. Border water issues are raised. Encroachments and disputes due to river boundary are also discussed. Disputes on both Physical and artificial boundary and their impacts on bilateral relation is analyzed. Both positive and negative impact of an open border system between Nepal and India is discussed. Border problems are identified clearly. Initiatives taken how to resolve the border management issues are categorically presented. Strip mapping of boundary area was carried out using GPS and GIS technology and the maps of whole Nepal-India boundary, except Kalapani and Susta, are prepared jointly and signed by the joint technical committee assigned by the respective government.  
本文考察了尼泊尔-印度国际边界的历史事件。从战略上解释了国际边界的划定和划分是如何进行的。边境水资源问题被提了出来。文中还讨论了河流边界的侵占和争端。分析了物理边界和人工边界争端及其对双边关系的影响。讨论了尼泊尔和印度之间开放边界系统的积极和消极影响。边界问题被清楚地识别出来。明确提出了如何解决边界管理问题的倡议。边界地区的条形测绘使用GPS和GIS技术,整个尼泊尔-印度边界的地图,除了卡拉帕尼和苏斯塔,都是由各自政府指派的联合技术委员会共同编制和签署的。
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引用次数: 9
Challenges to Create a Global Cohesive Society in Post-Conflict Situations and Its Impact in Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 在冲突后局势中建立全球凝聚力社会的挑战及其对尼泊尔联邦民主共和国的影响
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26724
Bishnu Nepal
After Cold War, "Clashes of Civilizations" could be paramount in the coming centuries. Naturally, they will be supported by the detrimental effects of technology like the Artificial Intelligence (AI) further advanced in the 21st century in the process of the evolution of a global cohesive society. Even the space will be a playground of the mundane strategic order. Countries like Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal can play a crucial role reviving her glory of the dawn of civilization on earth as a soft-power resulted from the geo-political and strategic values utilizing modalities recommended by the author.
冷战结束后,“文明的冲突”在未来几个世纪可能是最重要的。当然,在全球凝聚力社会的演变过程中,21世纪进一步发展的人工智能(AI)等技术的不利影响将支持它们。甚至这个空间也将成为世俗战略秩序的游乐场。像尼泊尔联邦民主共和国这样的国家可以发挥关键作用,恢复她在地球上文明黎明的荣耀,因为软实力是由作者推荐的地缘政治和战略价值观产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Trends in Nepal’s Foreign Policy, and Role and Functions of Our Diplomats: A Personal Viewpoint 尼泊尔外交政策的最新趋势,以及我国外交官的作用和职能:个人观点
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26726
M. Bhattarai
In today’s world, diplomacy is considered as a basic principle in guiding the states. Since the historical era, the meaningful pursuit of diplomacy has been through the in-depth knowledge on the national determinants that signifies national goal and objectives. Actually, the foreign policy does not exist in vacuity, so the course of action to achieve the national goals of any state is only possible through diplomats having vibrant character. In Nepal, due to political instability, slow deployment process and selection of non-diplomatic persons has created diplomatic isolation. This paper identifies the modern Nepali trends in selection of competent diplomats due to the cause of political saps. This is the genuine concern to be corrected by the authority in order to enhance the essence to deploy an ideal diplomat who offers in-depth knowledge and idea about the modern diplomacy. Only, those efforts are represented through diplomats who are the image of the state. This research paper is based on descriptive study applying secondary sources of literatures as regards to modern diplomacy, international relations and foreign policy in context of Nepal and these components are analyzed to provide a clear picture of recent trends of Nepali foreign policy and functional skills of diplomats in diplomatic mission.
在当今世界,外交被认为是指导国家的基本原则。自历史时代以来,外交的有意义追求一直是通过对国家决定因素的深入了解,这意味着国家的目标和目的。事实上,外交政策不是凭空存在的,任何国家实现国家目标的行动过程,都需要具有活力的外交官才能实现。在尼泊尔,由于政治不稳定,部署进程缓慢和选择非外交人员造成了外交孤立。本文确定了现代尼泊尔在选择称职外交官的趋势,由于政治障碍的原因。这是当局需要纠正的真正关切,以提高本质,部署对现代外交有深入了解和见解的理想外交官。只不过,这些努力是通过代表国家形象的外交官来体现的。本研究论文是基于描述性研究应用二手文献来源关于现代外交,国际关系和外交政策在尼泊尔的背景下,这些组成部分进行分析,以提供一个清晰的画面尼泊尔外交政策和外交使团外交官的职能技能的最新趋势。
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引用次数: 3
The Rule of Law and Its Development: A Bird Eye View 法治及其发展:鸟瞰图
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26705
Ram Kishna Timilsena
The paper highlights the origin of rule of law and its development around the world in the context of present liberal democratic framework. The paper discusses rule of law from its international to national perspectives with special emphasis on supremacy of law. Rule of law has not been analyzed from Anglo-American purview in the article, but this article also discusses on German and Japanese perspectives. It takes notes on latest constitutional development of Nepal as well.
本文重点介绍了法治的起源及其在当今自由民主框架下的世界发展。本文从国际和国家两方面对法治进行了探讨,特别强调了法律至上。本文没有从英美的视角来分析法治,但也从德国和日本的视角进行了探讨。它也记录了尼泊尔最新的宪法发展。
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引用次数: 0
Election and Development in Federal Nepal: Perspective of APF in Election Security 尼泊尔联邦的选举与发展:APF在选举安全中的视角
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26711
Bharat Khaniya, A. Sharma
Free and fair elections are the elements that contribute in strengthening the democracy. They are more important for the fragile democracies like Nepal. The new constitution promulgated in 2015 by Constituent Assembly led the country to federal state. Elections of all three tiers of government were to be held within two years from the date of promulgation. The constitution granted a number of tasks to be performed by local bodies for the development of the country. Elections and development are interrelated and connected. Elections elect candidates and those candidates are the vehicle of development. But the first year passed by without doing much and later government had to execute the task within the period of eight months. Local elections were planned and held in three phases due to security reason, whereas, provincial and federal elections were completed in two phases. All security forces mobilized in duty performed their duty well and elections went on peacefully except some petty incident in some parts of the country. This article is centered on the security provision of election and a long-term security plan. It needs to be prioritized by the government, as the security situation deteriorates further each day. Anti-election elements, agitating groups attempting to achieve their rights, lack of law and order, and banditry are just some of the security challenges Nepal is currently facing, and affects the ability to hold free and fair elections. Consequently, security is integral and inseparable part of an election and electoral process. The study concluded that the security agencies were proactive, capable of providing security to the political leaders, candidates and voters perform their functions effectively and peacefully during legislative elections 2017.
自由和公正的选举是有助于加强民主的因素。它们对尼泊尔这样脆弱的民主国家更为重要。2015年制宪会议颁布的新宪法使该国成为联邦制国家。所有三级政府的选举将在颁布之日起两年内举行。为了国家的发展,宪法规定了一些由地方机构执行的任务。选举和发展是相互联系的。选举选出候选人,这些候选人是发展的工具。但是第一年就这么过去了,政府后来不得不在八个月内完成这项任务。由于安全原因,地方选举计划分三个阶段举行,而省级和联邦选举则分两个阶段完成。所有被动员执行任务的安全部队都很好地履行了职责,除了在该国某些地区发生的一些小事件外,选举和平进行。本文以选举的安全保障措施和长期安全保障计划为中心。这需要政府优先考虑,因为安全局势每天都在进一步恶化。反选举分子、试图争取权利的煽动团体、缺乏法律和秩序、盗匪只是尼泊尔目前面临的一些安全挑战,这些挑战影响了举行自由公正选举的能力。因此,安全是选举和选举进程不可分割的组成部分。研究得出的结论是,安全机构积极主动,能够为政治领导人、候选人和选民提供安全保障,在2017年立法选举期间有效、和平地履行其职能。
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引用次数: 1
Challenges in Controlling Proliferation of Small Arms in Nepal 尼泊尔控制小武器扩散的挑战
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26722
S. Bogati
The paper aims to study and present the status of proliferation of small arms in Nepal. Nepal has been facing the problems of illicit weapons and this needs proper response from the government so that long-lasting solution can be probed. There is risk of misusing those weapons against anyone. A program to destroy the illegal arms should immediately be launched.
本文旨在研究和介绍尼泊尔小武器扩散的现状。尼泊尔一直面临着非法武器的问题,这需要政府做出适当的反应,以便探索持久的解决方案。存在滥用这些武器对付任何人的风险。销毁非法武器的计划应立即启动。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of APF Command and Staff College
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