Background Plasma cholinesterase (butrylcholinesterase) is an enzyme of importance in the practise of anaesthesia due to its role in the metabolism of suxamethonium, and other anaesthetic related drugs. Deficiency of plasma cholinesterase has been associated with prolonged duration of suxamethonium apnoea. The study aimed to investigate the effect of varied levels of plasma cholinesterase on the duration of suxamethonium apnoea in anaesthetised patients and compare the effects in adults and children. Methods – One hundred healthy patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were studied. Pre-induction serum cholinesterase levels were estimated. Suxamethonium 2mg/kg was administered after induction of anaesthesia. After the administration of thiopentone, a Fisher and Paykel peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) Model NS272 was applied to the ulnar nerve to determine onset and the duration of neuromuscular blockade. Results – Sixty-four adults and 36 children were studied. The mean cholinesterase level was 6573.29 ±2128.29 (ranged from 1227-14536) IU/L. The cholinesterase activity was similar in both children (7044.86 ±2448.81) IU/L and adults (6308.03 ±1894.19) IU/L p = 0.97. The mean onset time of suxamethonium was 37.83 ±9.49 seconds. This onset was similar in children and adults (p = 0.374). There was poor correlation between cholinesterase level and onset time (r = 0.031, p = 0.760). The mean clinical apnoea time was 5.88 ±2.00 minutes. Significant difference existed between adults (6.25 ±1.85 minutes) and children (5.22 ±2.06 minutes) p = 0.012. The mean PNS apnoea time was 8.17 ±3.14 minutes which was significantly shorter in children (6.73 ±3.59 minutes) than in adults (8.97 ±2.52 minutes) p<0.001. There was moderate inverse and significant correlation between cholinesterase level and PNS apnoea time (r = -0.423, p< 0.001), as well as clinical apnoea time (r = -0.461, p<0.001). There was a highly positive and significant correlation between clinical and PNS apnoea time (r = 0.876, p<0.001). The mean recovery time was 7.44 ±2.49 minutes which was significantly shorter in children (6.73 ±2.92 minutes) than in adults (7.86 ±2.13 minutes) p = 0.028. There was a moderate inverse and significant correlation between cholinesterase level and recovery time (r = -0.456, p<0.001). Conclusion – The duration of suxamethonium apnoea increased with low levels of plasma cholinesterase. Children exhibited significantly shorter apnoea and recovery times compared to adults.
{"title":"Comparison Of Plasma Cholinesterase Levels And The Duration Of Suxamethonium Apnoea In Nigerian Adult And Paediatric Patients","authors":"Adekola Oo, I. Desalu, Kushimo Ot","doi":"10.5580/2a5b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2a5b","url":null,"abstract":"Background Plasma cholinesterase (butrylcholinesterase) is an enzyme of importance in the practise of anaesthesia due to its role in the metabolism of suxamethonium, and other anaesthetic related drugs. Deficiency of plasma cholinesterase has been associated with prolonged duration of suxamethonium apnoea. The study aimed to investigate the effect of varied levels of plasma cholinesterase on the duration of suxamethonium apnoea in anaesthetised patients and compare the effects in adults and children. Methods – One hundred healthy patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were studied. Pre-induction serum cholinesterase levels were estimated. Suxamethonium 2mg/kg was administered after induction of anaesthesia. After the administration of thiopentone, a Fisher and Paykel peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) Model NS272 was applied to the ulnar nerve to determine onset and the duration of neuromuscular blockade. Results – Sixty-four adults and 36 children were studied. The mean cholinesterase level was 6573.29 ±2128.29 (ranged from 1227-14536) IU/L. The cholinesterase activity was similar in both children (7044.86 ±2448.81) IU/L and adults (6308.03 ±1894.19) IU/L p = 0.97. The mean onset time of suxamethonium was 37.83 ±9.49 seconds. This onset was similar in children and adults (p = 0.374). There was poor correlation between cholinesterase level and onset time (r = 0.031, p = 0.760). The mean clinical apnoea time was 5.88 ±2.00 minutes. Significant difference existed between adults (6.25 ±1.85 minutes) and children (5.22 ±2.06 minutes) p = 0.012. The mean PNS apnoea time was 8.17 ±3.14 minutes which was significantly shorter in children (6.73 ±3.59 minutes) than in adults (8.97 ±2.52 minutes) p<0.001. There was moderate inverse and significant correlation between cholinesterase level and PNS apnoea time (r = -0.423, p< 0.001), as well as clinical apnoea time (r = -0.461, p<0.001). There was a highly positive and significant correlation between clinical and PNS apnoea time (r = 0.876, p<0.001). The mean recovery time was 7.44 ±2.49 minutes which was significantly shorter in children (6.73 ±2.92 minutes) than in adults (7.86 ±2.13 minutes) p = 0.028. There was a moderate inverse and significant correlation between cholinesterase level and recovery time (r = -0.456, p<0.001). Conclusion – The duration of suxamethonium apnoea increased with low levels of plasma cholinesterase. Children exhibited significantly shorter apnoea and recovery times compared to adults.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129620804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a case of 27 year old primigravida at 39 weeks gestation suffering from chicken pox requiring emergency caesarean section that was managed with general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic management and clinical implications are discussed here.
{"title":"Anaesthetic Management Of A Patient With Varicella Undergoing Emergency Caesarean Section","authors":"S. Kaur, Suman Shekhawat","doi":"10.5580/2a5d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2a5d","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of 27 year old primigravida at 39 weeks gestation suffering from chicken pox requiring emergency caesarean section that was managed with general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic management and clinical implications are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121250552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandabe Mb., Waziri Am., Akinniran Aa., A. Jatta, Chibuzo Im.
{"title":"Arrow Shot Injury To The Neck","authors":"Sandabe Mb., Waziri Am., Akinniran Aa., A. Jatta, Chibuzo Im.","doi":"10.5580/2a77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2a77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126680496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasound is being increasingly used to aid the placement of central venous catheters and has been demonstrated to decrease associated complications. However, catheter tip placement is not guaranteed using ultrasound, as we describe in two case reports. The first case described a central venous catheter passing into a tributary of the left brachiocephalic vein, and the second case describes the catheter tip close to the jugular bulb. We conclude with a discussion exploring the potential issues of left internal jugular vein catheterisation and inadvertent retrograde passage towards the jugular bulb.
{"title":"Ultrasound Guided Vascular Access and Unusual Complications – Two Case Reports","authors":"A. Riyat, R. Baikady","doi":"10.5580/2b15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b15","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound is being increasingly used to aid the placement of central venous catheters and has been demonstrated to decrease associated complications. However, catheter tip placement is not guaranteed using ultrasound, as we describe in two case reports. The first case described a central venous catheter passing into a tributary of the left brachiocephalic vein, and the second case describes the catheter tip close to the jugular bulb. We conclude with a discussion exploring the potential issues of left internal jugular vein catheterisation and inadvertent retrograde passage towards the jugular bulb.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126835905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidural blockade is becoming one of the most useful and versatile procedures in modern anesthesiology. Bupivacaine is a long acting amide local anaesthetic which is widely used since many years. However, it is associated with a number of side effects like Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity and cardiotoxicity. Ropivacaine is a newly introduced long acting amide local anaesthetic drug in India which has been developed as a possible alternative to Bupivacaine. It has a lower lipophilicity than bupivacaine and hence associated with a decreased potential for CNS and cardiotoxicity. AimsThe aim of the study was to compare the time of onset of sensory block and duration of sensory and motor blockade of epidural anaesthesia produced by bupivacaine 0.5% and ropivacaine 0.75% for lower limb surgery.Methods60 patients, aged between 18-60 years, ASA 1 and 2, undergoing various lower limb surgeries were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 30 each. Group A received 15ml of 0.75% ropivacaine and group B received 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine epidurally. The time for loss of pinprick at T10, intensity of motor block, duration of sensory and motor block and hemodynamic changes were assessed.Results1. The time of onset and duration of sensory block was comparable for both the drugs.2. Bupivacaine 0.5% produced more intensity and longer duration of motor block than ropivacaine 0.75%3. Both the drugs were comparable with respect to hemodynamic changes.ConclusionEpidural ropivacaine 0.75% can be safely used as a possible alternative to bupivacaine 0.5% in lower limb orthopedic procedures.
{"title":"Comparison Of Epidural Bupivacaine 0.5% With Epidural Ropivacaine 0.75% For Lower Limb Orthopedic Procedures","authors":"S. Shaikh, K. Rohini","doi":"10.5580/2b16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b16","url":null,"abstract":"Epidural blockade is becoming one of the most useful and versatile procedures in modern anesthesiology. Bupivacaine is a long acting amide local anaesthetic which is widely used since many years. However, it is associated with a number of side effects like Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity and cardiotoxicity. Ropivacaine is a newly introduced long acting amide local anaesthetic drug in India which has been developed as a possible alternative to Bupivacaine. It has a lower lipophilicity than bupivacaine and hence associated with a decreased potential for CNS and cardiotoxicity. AimsThe aim of the study was to compare the time of onset of sensory block and duration of sensory and motor blockade of epidural anaesthesia produced by bupivacaine 0.5% and ropivacaine 0.75% for lower limb surgery.Methods60 patients, aged between 18-60 years, ASA 1 and 2, undergoing various lower limb surgeries were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 30 each. Group A received 15ml of 0.75% ropivacaine and group B received 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine epidurally. The time for loss of pinprick at T10, intensity of motor block, duration of sensory and motor block and hemodynamic changes were assessed.Results1. The time of onset and duration of sensory block was comparable for both the drugs.2. Bupivacaine 0.5% produced more intensity and longer duration of motor block than ropivacaine 0.75%3. Both the drugs were comparable with respect to hemodynamic changes.ConclusionEpidural ropivacaine 0.75% can be safely used as a possible alternative to bupivacaine 0.5% in lower limb orthopedic procedures.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128295494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) can be a distressing problem in patients undergoing regional anaesthesia also, as patient and surgical risk factors for PONV continue to exist. In this randomized, double blind, prospective clinical study, we investigated and compared the efficacy of newer 5HT3 antagonist Palonosetron, compared to placebo, in preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries under spinal anaesthesia.Material and Methods: 70 women, ASA 1 and 2, undergoing gynaecological surgeries, with risk for PONV (>/= 2 risk score) were randomly allocated to two groups containing 35 patients each. One group received 0.075mg of Palonosetron intravenously and other group received saline intravenously as placebo after administration of spinal anaesthesia. Peri-operative anesthetic care was standardized in all patients. The efficacy of study medication was assessed in terms of Complete Response (No emesis and no rescue antiemetic), incidence of emetic episodes, the incidence and severity of nausea in the postoperative study periods 0-6 hours, 6-24 hours and 24-72 hours. Results: The incidence of a Complete Response (no emesis, no rescue antiemetic) in 0-6 hour study period was 82.9% with palonosetron group and 45.7%with placebo group (P value-0.001 strongly significant).The corresponding incidence in 6-24 hour was 74.3% with palonosetron and 37.1% with placebo group (P value 0.002 strongly significant).During 24-72 hour, the incidence was 97.1% in palonosetron and 94.3% in the placebo group (P value not significant).Conclusion: A single intravenous dose of 0.075mg of Palonosetron significantly reduced emesis, nausea and use of rescue anti-emetics in female patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries under spinal anaesthesia compared to placebo.
{"title":"Comparison Of Palonosetron With Placebo For Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Female Patients Undergoing Gynaecological Surgery Under Spinal Anaesthesia.","authors":"Sushma. K.S, S. Shaikh","doi":"10.5580/2a5a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2a5a","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) can be a distressing problem in patients undergoing regional anaesthesia also, as patient and surgical risk factors for PONV continue to exist. In this randomized, double blind, prospective clinical study, we investigated and compared the efficacy of newer 5HT3 antagonist Palonosetron, compared to placebo, in preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries under spinal anaesthesia.Material and Methods: 70 women, ASA 1 and 2, undergoing gynaecological surgeries, with risk for PONV (>/= 2 risk score) were randomly allocated to two groups containing 35 patients each. One group received 0.075mg of Palonosetron intravenously and other group received saline intravenously as placebo after administration of spinal anaesthesia. Peri-operative anesthetic care was standardized in all patients. The efficacy of study medication was assessed in terms of Complete Response (No emesis and no rescue antiemetic), incidence of emetic episodes, the incidence and severity of nausea in the postoperative study periods 0-6 hours, 6-24 hours and 24-72 hours. Results: The incidence of a Complete Response (no emesis, no rescue antiemetic) in 0-6 hour study period was 82.9% with palonosetron group and 45.7%with placebo group (P value-0.001 strongly significant).The corresponding incidence in 6-24 hour was 74.3% with palonosetron and 37.1% with placebo group (P value 0.002 strongly significant).During 24-72 hour, the incidence was 97.1% in palonosetron and 94.3% in the placebo group (P value not significant).Conclusion: A single intravenous dose of 0.075mg of Palonosetron significantly reduced emesis, nausea and use of rescue anti-emetics in female patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries under spinal anaesthesia compared to placebo.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134180250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Srivastava, K. Joshi, Vishal Gupta, Amrita Gupta, N. Chauhan, A. Dupargude, A. Saxena, A. Saxena
Medication error leading to significant morbidity and mortality is a cause of great concern. We are reporting a case where a patient received spinal anaesthesia with tranexamic acid by mistake due to similarity between ampoules of bupivacaine and tranexamic acid and had fatal outcome.
{"title":"Accidental Injection Of Tranexamic Acid Into Subarachnoid Space Leading To Fatal Outcome: Case Report And Review","authors":"U. Srivastava, K. Joshi, Vishal Gupta, Amrita Gupta, N. Chauhan, A. Dupargude, A. Saxena, A. Saxena","doi":"10.5580/2b75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b75","url":null,"abstract":"Medication error leading to significant morbidity and mortality is a cause of great concern. We are reporting a case where a patient received spinal anaesthesia with tranexamic acid by mistake due to similarity between ampoules of bupivacaine and tranexamic acid and had fatal outcome.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130945745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After obtaining institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, 90 adult patients, ages 30-75 yrs, of either gender belonging to ASA physical status 1 and 2 scheduled for abdominal, obstetrical, gynecological and orthopedic surgery under epidural anaesthesia, during the study period (Jan 2009 Dec 2009) were recruited. Patients for whom central neuraxial block was contraindicated and those with history of poorly controlled hypertension, angina, congestive cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias, weight >95kg, age >75years, ASA grade 3 and 4, on tricyclic anti-depressants, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists or opioids were excluded from this study.
{"title":"A Prospective Randomised Study Of Combination Of Epidural Bupivacaine With Clonidine And Bupivacaine For Postoperative Analgesia","authors":"Jyothi, H. Verma, S. Safiya","doi":"10.5580/2b74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b74","url":null,"abstract":"After obtaining institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, 90 adult patients, ages 30-75 yrs, of either gender belonging to ASA physical status 1 and 2 scheduled for abdominal, obstetrical, gynecological and orthopedic surgery under epidural anaesthesia, during the study period (Jan 2009 Dec 2009) were recruited. Patients for whom central neuraxial block was contraindicated and those with history of poorly controlled hypertension, angina, congestive cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias, weight >95kg, age >75years, ASA grade 3 and 4, on tricyclic anti-depressants, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists or opioids were excluded from this study.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the primary aims of anaesthetic management during ophthalmic surgery is to provide optimal control of intraocular pressure (IOP). Laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-classic and LMA-ProSeal have been compared on many aspects but we could not locate any trials comparing the effect of their insertion on IOP. Present study compared effect of LMA-classic and LMA-ProSeal insertion on the IOP. Methods: 100 patients requiring general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures were divided into two groups (LMA-classic in 50 patients and LMA-ProSeal in 50 patients). Baseline IOP was recorded and after induction, LMA insertion was performed. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane in oxygen. IOP was measured just before LMA insertion, just after LMA insertion and thereafter at intervals of 1, 3 and 5 minutes. Results: IOP decreased in both groups after induction with propofol (p value> 0.05). It rose just after the insertion of airway device in both the groups (p value>0.05). At one minute after the device insertion IOP started decreasing (p value>0.05). At 3 minutes and 5 minutes after the insertion of airway device the IOP was still decreasing in both the groups and was not significantly different. Conclusion: Results of the present study show that IOP always remains below baseline with the use of LMA-classic as well as LMA-ProSeal. The study showed similar profile of two devices as far as IOP is concerned.
{"title":"Effect Of LMA-Classic And LMA-Proseal Insertion On Intraocular Pressure In Adult Patients.","authors":"Promila Phaughat, S. Kiran, A. Khurana, S. Hooda","doi":"10.5580/2ac8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2ac8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the primary aims of anaesthetic management during ophthalmic surgery is to provide optimal control of intraocular pressure (IOP). Laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-classic and LMA-ProSeal have been compared on many aspects but we could not locate any trials comparing the effect of their insertion on IOP. Present study compared effect of LMA-classic and LMA-ProSeal insertion on the IOP. Methods: 100 patients requiring general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures were divided into two groups (LMA-classic in 50 patients and LMA-ProSeal in 50 patients). Baseline IOP was recorded and after induction, LMA insertion was performed. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane in oxygen. IOP was measured just before LMA insertion, just after LMA insertion and thereafter at intervals of 1, 3 and 5 minutes. Results: IOP decreased in both groups after induction with propofol (p value> 0.05). It rose just after the insertion of airway device in both the groups (p value>0.05). At one minute after the device insertion IOP started decreasing (p value>0.05). At 3 minutes and 5 minutes after the insertion of airway device the IOP was still decreasing in both the groups and was not significantly different. Conclusion: Results of the present study show that IOP always remains below baseline with the use of LMA-classic as well as LMA-ProSeal. The study showed similar profile of two devices as far as IOP is concerned.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133334256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most recent ‘Drug-related Deaths in the UK’ Annual Report (Jan-Dec 2009) served to reinforce that substance misuse remains a serious problem in the UK, with 2,182 notifications of drug-related deaths, representing an overall increase of 11.8% over the 2008 figures (although the increase in reporting must also be taken into account). Importantly, despite the emergence of GBL and GHB, opioids/opiates continue to be, by far, the principal substance implicated in these deaths. This report details a successful approach to a case of SPM-PRX overdose (an opioid), unique given the absence of any existing case reports involving this substance.
{"title":"A Case of SPM-PRX Overdose","authors":"P. Ward","doi":"10.5580/2b14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b14","url":null,"abstract":"The most recent ‘Drug-related Deaths in the UK’ Annual Report (Jan-Dec 2009) served to reinforce that substance misuse remains a serious problem in the UK, with 2,182 notifications of drug-related deaths, representing an overall increase of 11.8% over the 2008 figures (although the increase in reporting must also be taken into account). Importantly, despite the emergence of GBL and GHB, opioids/opiates continue to be, by far, the principal substance implicated in these deaths. This report details a successful approach to a case of SPM-PRX overdose (an opioid), unique given the absence of any existing case reports involving this substance.","PeriodicalId":396781,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133759909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：