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Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology (Cat. No.00EX418)最新文献

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Underwater image mosaicing using maximum a posteriori image registration 水下图像拼接使用最大后验图像配准
J. Guo, S. Cheng, J.Y. Yinn
An underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was developed to allow inspection process without the need for human divers to enter the water. The ROV has a video camera, a Doppler navigation sonar and gyroscope-based orientation sensor. Each image of the underwater scene is saved along with the video camera's instantaneous position and orientation. The images are then patched together into a large composite picture of the structure. The method, which is based on the maximum a posteriori estimation technique, combines the least-mean-squared-error estimator and Kalman Filter. It provides smooth and robust image shift estimation. This method has been tested and shown as a practical and potentially useful underwater inspection tool.
开发了一种水下远程操作车辆(ROV),可以在不需要人工潜水员进入水中的情况下进行检查。ROV有一个摄像机,一个多普勒导航声纳和基于陀螺仪的方向传感器。水下场景的每张图像都与摄像机的瞬时位置和方向一起保存。然后将这些图像拼接在一起,形成一幅大的结构合成图。该方法基于最大后验估计技术,将最小均方误差估计和卡尔曼滤波相结合。它提供了平滑和鲁棒的图像移位估计。该方法已经过测试,证明是一种实用的、潜在的水下检测工具。
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引用次数: 5
Seafloor mapping and information system in underwater archaeology exploration-The discovery of an ancient shipwreck in Penghu, Taiwan 水下考古勘探中的海底测绘与信息系统——台湾澎湖古沉船的发现
Sheng-Chung Lo, Chieh-Cheng Yen, Kuang-Nan Huang, L. Chien
The Penghu undersea archeology project has been carried out since 1995 in the Penghu area, which used to be on the passage of the main business route from Mainland China to the Southeast Asia. This research project involves professionals and researchers from the fields of archaeology, oceanography, meteorology, engineering and diving. The discovery of the ancient shipwreck, Chiang-Chun 1/sup st/, and the antiques load is of important historical significance. The whole research project includes the archaeology, seafloor mapping, and divers excavating and information system. The paper discusses the project in terms of seafloor mapping and information system. The purpose of seafloor mapping is, by the use of sonar inspection, to seek and spot the possible targets and to help the divers identify the targets. The facilities include a global positioning system, an echo sounder, a side scan sonar, and a sub-bottom profiler. After an arduous investigation of 28 possible targets in a six-square kilometer area under rough sea status, three targets were identified to be Chiang-Chun 1/sup st/, an iron-shell-ship, and a ship-shaped reef. The Penghu undersea archeology project and the general information on the undersea archeology survey and salvage technology were introduced on a web site for an easy access. The structure and the method used to set up the web site are introduced. The contents of the web site include project history, project introduction and execution, undersea archeology technology, shipwreck excavation, perspective of undersea archeology, messages box, full contents search, and linkages to other underwater archeology sites.
澎湖海底考古项目自1995年开始在澎湖地区开展,该地区曾经是中国大陆到东南亚的主要商业路线的通道。这项研究项目涉及考古学、海洋学、气象学、工程学和潜水学等领域的专业人士和研究人员。此次发现的古沉船“江春1号”和古玩载具具有重要的历史意义。整个研究项目包括考古、海底测绘、潜水员挖掘和信息系统。本文从海底测绘与信息系统的角度对该项目进行了探讨。海底测绘的目的是利用声纳检查,寻找和发现可能的目标,并帮助潜水员识别目标。这些设施包括一个全球定位系统、一个回声测深仪、一个侧面扫描声纳和一个水下剖面仪。在波涛汹涌的海面下对6平方公里区域内的28个可能目标进行了艰苦的调查后,确定了三个目标是jiang - chun 1/sup /,一艘铁壳船和一艘船形礁。通过网站介绍了澎湖海底考古项目及海底考古调查打捞技术的概况。介绍了网站的结构和建立方法。网站内容包括项目历史、项目介绍与实施、海底考古技术、沉船发掘、海底考古视角、留言框、全文搜索、其他水下考古网站链接等。
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引用次数: 0
Using the NAVOCEANO wide swath sidescan sonar Seamap-C to locate and differentiate man-made objects from natural features on the seafloor 使用NAVOCEANO宽幅侧扫描声纳Seamap-C来定位和区分海底的人造物体和自然特征
D. Joseph, R. White, T. Bethge, J. Palshook, C. Ingram, B. Rumish
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and Nauticos Corporation conducted a Seamap-C survey that delineated small regions of high reflectivity material in an abyssal plain northwest of Midway Atoll. The survey in the Midway area was based on a Nauticos Corporation RENAV/sup TM/ analysis of the possible location of the Japanese carrier, Kaga, sunk during the Battle of Midway in June, 1942. Seamap-C imaged three potential targets for further investigation with the higher frequency EG&G 960 system. A subsequent operation in the Midway area was conducted some months later using NAVOCEANO's Towed Oceanographic Survey System with higher resolution sidescan sonar (50/500 kHz), video cameras, and digital still photography. The optical survey identified a debris field, composed of twisted wreckage and the associated debris from one of the Japanese aircraft carriers sunk during the Battle of Midway.
美国海军海洋学办公室(NAVOCEANO)和诺提科斯公司进行了一次Seamap-C调查,在中途岛环礁西北的深海平原上划定了高反射率物质的小区域。中途岛地区的调查是基于诺第科斯公司的RENAV/sup TM/对1942年6月中途岛海战中沉没的日本航母加贺号可能位置的分析。Seamap-C利用更高频率的EG&G 960系统对三个潜在目标进行成像,以供进一步研究。几个月后,在中途岛地区进行了后续作业,使用NAVOCEANO拖曳海洋调查系统,该系统具有更高分辨率的侧扫描声纳(50/500 kHz)、摄像机和数字静态摄影。光学测量发现了一个残骸区,由扭曲的残骸和中途岛海战中沉没的一艘日本航空母舰的相关残骸组成。
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引用次数: 3
Development of a long range autonomous underwater vehicle /spl Gt/OPEN"/AUV-EX1" 远程自主水下航行器/spl Gt/OPEN"/AUV-EX1"的研制
S. Tsukioka, T. Aoki, K. Tamura, T. Murashima, H. Nakajoh, T. Ida
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center has been developing a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) since 1998. This vehicle was named "AUV-EX1" and it is designed to have a capability of cruising up to 300 kilometers along a pre-programmed route. The body is a streamlined shape with a total length of 10 meters and its weight of 7.5 tons. For long range cruising, key technologies are energy source and navigation. Electric-energy is supplied from lithium ion rechargeable battery and it can be combined with a fuel cell. The navigation system is based on a high accuracy inertial navigation system. The vehicle is designed to gather scientific data by an on-board water sampler, side scan sonar and CTDO. This paper presents the overview of the AUV-EX1 and test plan in the future.
日本海洋科学技术中心从1998年开始开发远程自主水下航行器(AUV)。这种车辆被命名为“AUV-EX1”,它被设计成能够沿着预先编程的路线巡航300公里。车身呈流线型,总长10米,重7.5吨。远程巡航的关键技术是能源和导航。电能由锂离子可充电电池提供,并可与燃料电池结合使用。该导航系统基于高精度惯性导航系统。车辆被设计用来通过机载水采样器、侧面扫描声纳和CTDO收集科学数据。本文介绍了AUV-EX1的发展概况和未来的试验计划。
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引用次数: 3
The study of the float buoy ranging system for the underwater vehicle 水下航行器浮筒测距系统的研究
S. Kurano, T. Ishiwata, N. Konishi
The float buoy ranging system consists of a vessel-mounted pinger, three surveying float buoys which receive the pinger signal and the receiving station on the testing ship. The antenna of the receiving station receives the radio signal for the underwater vehicle's position from three surveying float buoys. At the same time it receives the radio signals for three float buoy's position an the surface of the sea from four GPS satellites. The surveying float buoy processing system in the receiving station tracks down the running locus of the underwater vehicle as the X-Y co-ordinates from the values of the latitude and the longitude. Further, it is possible to carry out the float buoy ranging system's calibration to determine the float buoy position at any time.
浮筒测距系统由一个船载ping信号浮标、三个接收ping信号的测量浮筒和测试船上的接收站组成。接收站的天线接收来自三个测量浮标的水下航行器位置的无线电信号。同时,它接收来自4颗GPS卫星的海面上3个浮筒位置的无线电信号。接收站的测量浮筒处理系统根据纬度和经度的值作为X-Y坐标跟踪水下航行器的运行轨迹。此外,还可以对浮筒测距系统进行校准,随时确定浮筒位置。
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引用次数: 2
Generating interface wave using electromagnetic induction source 利用电磁感应源产生界面波
K. Ohta, K. Ohkawa, K. Asano, S. Hibi, H. Takahashi
The interface wave is known as a useful tool to study geoacoustic properties and can be conventionally generated by setting up an explosive or a pneumatic source on/above the seafloor. This type of source, however, also excites strong compressional waves in the water and sediment, and so the generated interface wave is affected by this compressional wave, resulting in difficulty in processing. The waves generated in this way are also poor in duality and those sources may cause environmental problems. To solve this, we tried to utilize an electromagnetic induction source, called Boomer, which is generally used in the water as a source for generating compressional waves. First, we fabricated a Boomer with several types of vibrator plates on a small scale. To evaluate the performance of the source, the sound pressure level exited by the source was measured in a water tank and was compared with a designed one. Then we drove the source with the vibrator plates on the seafloor and evaluated the properties of the generated interface wave, which observed by a geophone, and compared the measured wave signal with one generated by dropping a weight. Consequently, the electromagnetic induction source turns out to be useful for generating an interface wave having repeatability.
界面波是研究地球声学特性的有用工具,通常可以通过在海底/上方设置炸药或气动源来产生。然而,这种震源在水和沉积物中也会激发强纵波,因此产生的界面波受到这种纵波的影响,导致处理困难。以这种方式产生的波的对偶性也很差,这些来源可能会造成环境问题。为了解决这个问题,我们尝试利用一种叫做Boomer的电磁感应源,它通常在水中用作产生纵波的源。首先,我们在小范围内用几种类型的振动板制造了一个婴儿潮。为了评估声源的性能,在水箱中测量了声源发出的声压级,并与设计的声压级进行了比较。然后在海底用振动板驱动震源,用检波器观测产生的界面波的性质,并将测量到的波信号与称重产生的波信号进行比较。因此,电磁感应源对于产生具有可重复性的界面波是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Forecast of underwater earthquakes with a great degree of probability 具有很大概率的水下地震预报
G.P. Turmov, V. Korochentsev, E. Gorodetskaya, A. Mironenko, D.V. Kislitsin, O. Starodubtsev
The modes of the instant prognosis of earthquakes and tsunami with probability greater than 0.95 are offered. These modes are based on the principal idea of a simultaneous measurement of elastic and electromagnetic waves from the underground center of earthquakes. Electromagnetic waves with frequency from 1 Hz up to 1000 Hz transmit well on the surface of the Earth, bottom of ocean and in open space. The time of arrival of an electromagnetic wave at three (or more) points can be used to determine coordinates of the center of the earthquakes. The measurement of intensity of an electromagnetic signal is an informative indication about arrival of disastrous elastic waves. The mode of fall of energy of elastic waves in a seismic center is developed by an exposure to electromagnetic waves within 30-50 days in one year.
给出了概率大于0.95的地震和海啸的即时预报模式。这些模式是基于同时测量来自地下地震中心的弹性波和电磁波的基本思想。频率从1赫兹到1000赫兹的电磁波在地球表面、海底和开阔空间都能很好地传播。电磁波到达三个(或更多)点的时间可以用来确定地震中心的坐标。电磁信号强度的测量是灾难性弹性波到达的信息指示。地震中心弹性波能量的下降模式是通过一年内30-50天的电磁波暴露来建立的。
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引用次数: 3
Embedding local metrical map patches in a globally consistent topological map 在全局一致的拓扑图中嵌入局部度量地图块
Uwe R Zimmer
This article considers some practical and theoretical issues in the trade-off between globally consistent navigation and local precision manoeuvring. Precise local metrical maps are the common base for docking, manipulation, or other exact trajectory planning and control tasks. Yet these models are not scaling fine in the total geometrical size, when handling real world sensory data, and drifts. Nevertheless there is a need for a globally consistent spatial model for long term navigation. The presented work proposes a method of embedding local metric area patches in a topologically consistent global structure suitable for qualitative, and robust navigation. A global positioning information is not required at any stage, which limits the global precision of the spatial model, but on the other hand recommends it for environments where this information is not available. Results from physical experiments with autonomous robots are presented to demonstrate the robustness and practicality of the approach.
本文考虑了在全局一致导航和局部精确机动之间权衡的一些实际问题和理论问题。精确的局部测量图是对接、操纵或其他精确轨迹规划和控制任务的通用基础。然而,当处理真实世界的感官数据和漂移时,这些模型在总几何尺寸上不能很好地缩放。然而,需要一个全球一致的长期导航空间模型。提出了一种将局部度量区域块嵌入到拓扑一致的全局结构中的方法,适合于定性和鲁棒导航。在任何阶段都不需要全球定位信息,这限制了空间模型的全球精度,但另一方面,建议在无法获得该信息的环境中使用该信息。用自主机器人进行的物理实验结果证明了该方法的鲁棒性和实用性。
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引用次数: 22
Development of dredging method for hard-packed sand 硬填料砂疏浚方法的发展
H. Kato, Y. Sega, Y. Takei, T. Harada
In the case of dredging of hard-packed sand, reduction of solid concentration and wear of cutter teeth of the dredge head, etc. can pose some problems, and moreover impact on the environment must be taken care of sufficiently. Model tests were performed to solve these problems using some improvements of a cutter suction dredger. It has become obvious that if a light soil-water mixture recycling system is used in combination with the improved type cutter head with anti-pollution cover, the loaded soil volume in the hopper is improved greatly, and that it is also possible to prevent pollution at the same time.
在疏浚硬填料砂的情况下,固体浓度的降低和挖沙头刀齿的磨损等都会带来一些问题,而且对环境的影响也必须得到充分的重视。为了解决这些问题,对绞吸式挖泥船进行了模型试验。很明显,如果采用轻型土水混合物回收系统,与带有防污染盖的改进型刀盘结合使用,可以大大提高料斗内的载土体积,同时也可以防止污染。
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引用次数: 1
Ultrasonic waves propagation in fluid-saturated materials 超声波在流体饱和材料中的传播
A.B. Temsamani, S. Vandenplas, L. van Biesen
This work deals with the application of an ultrasonic nondestructive technique to characterize poroelastic materials; the results of ultrasonic experiments in the laboratory are used to investigate the wave propagation models in a poroelastic medium filled with fluid. The laboratory precision is required to extract, from measurements, powerful parametric models describing the wave propagation by mean of a frequency-domain inversion technique. The ultrasonic equipment consists of a water immersion system using non-destructive testing-type transducers. In order to simulate the mechanical behavior of sediments, the device under investigation is a composite multilayer saturated with water. Immersion experiments are made at frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 3 MHz. The physical parameters of the used material are estimated and attention is paid to the evolution of the phase-velocity dispersion and the absorption over the frequency band.
本工作涉及应用超声无损技术表征多孔弹性材料;利用室内超声实验的结果,研究了多孔弹性流体介质中波的传播模型。通过频域反演技术,从测量中提取描述波传播的强大参数模型需要实验室精度。超声波设备由采用无损检测型换能器的水浸系统组成。为了模拟沉积物的力学行为,所研究的装置是一个饱和水的复合多层材料。浸泡实验在0.3至3兆赫的频率范围内进行。估计了所用材料的物理参数,并注意了相速度色散和吸收在频带上的演变。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology (Cat. No.00EX418)
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