Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5324
Paul Windolf
A la fin du xixe siecle, on a vu se developper, parallelement a l’emergence du capitalisme managerial, un reseau reliant les grandes societes anonymes – reseau cree par des directeurs occupant alors plusieurs postes a responsabilite dans differentes entreprises (big linkers). Un tel reseau offre notamment la chance de coordonner les strategies des entreprises et de contraindre les membres a des standards ethiques communs. Par une analyse comparative de la structure du reseau des grandes entreprises en Allemagne, en France et aux Etats-Unis pour la periode 1900-2010, cet article met en evidence qu’en Allemagne la densite du reseau est particulierement elevee pendant l’entre-deux-guerres et que le reseau se dissout entre 1995 et 2010. La densite, dans les trois pays, est alors inferieure au niveau atteint en 1900. A la fin de la periode qui constitue l’objet de notre analyse, il n’y a plus de difference nationale relativement a la densite des reseaux.
{"title":"De la cohésion à la dissolution. Les réseaux d’entreprises en Allemagne, en France et aux États-Unis (1900-2010)","authors":"Paul Windolf","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5324","url":null,"abstract":"A la fin du xixe siecle, on a vu se developper, parallelement a l’emergence du capitalisme managerial, un reseau reliant les grandes societes anonymes – reseau cree par des directeurs occupant alors plusieurs postes a responsabilite dans differentes entreprises (big linkers). Un tel reseau offre notamment la chance de coordonner les strategies des entreprises et de contraindre les membres a des standards ethiques communs. Par une analyse comparative de la structure du reseau des grandes entreprises en Allemagne, en France et aux Etats-Unis pour la periode 1900-2010, cet article met en evidence qu’en Allemagne la densite du reseau est particulierement elevee pendant l’entre-deux-guerres et que le reseau se dissout entre 1995 et 2010. La densite, dans les trois pays, est alors inferieure au niveau atteint en 1900. A la fin de la periode qui constitue l’objet de notre analyse, il n’y a plus de difference nationale relativement a la densite des reseaux.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"123-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5302
D. L. Bris
Fonde en 1852, le Credit foncier prete la moitie de la valeur d’un immeuble apporte en hypotheque. Comme tout intermediaire financier, le Foncier doit reduire l’asymetrie d’information entre preteur et emprunteur. En utilisant les archives des premiers dossiers de pret, cet article montre que la banque met en place une demarche efficace d’evaluation des immeubles et des entreprises agricoles. Cette evaluation combine une methode par multiples sur des biens comparables et une autre par actualisation des revenus futurs ; la banque insiste sur l’importance du taux de capitalisation a utiliser. Cette demarche tranche avec les pratiques bancaires actuelles.
{"title":"Comment donner une valeur à l’immobilier ?. L’efficacité des méthodes du Crédit foncier de France au xixe siècle","authors":"D. L. Bris","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5302","url":null,"abstract":"Fonde en 1852, le Credit foncier prete la moitie de la valeur d’un immeuble apporte en hypotheque. Comme tout intermediaire financier, le Foncier doit reduire l’asymetrie d’information entre preteur et emprunteur. En utilisant les archives des premiers dossiers de pret, cet article montre que la banque met en place une demarche efficace d’evaluation des immeubles et des entreprises agricoles. Cette evaluation combine une methode par multiples sur des biens comparables et une autre par actualisation des revenus futurs ; la banque insiste sur l’importance du taux de capitalisation a utiliser. Cette demarche tranche avec les pratiques bancaires actuelles.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"43-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5291
J. Viret
Cette etude du marche foncier percheron vise de facon academique a savoir qui achete et qui vend, quelle sorte de biens et a quelles conditions financieres. L’etude, realisee a partir de 2 465 contrats de vente, porte sur une periode negligee par les historiens. Il s’agit de la premiere modernite, et plus precisement des annees 1560 a 1660. Le travail vise encore a mesurer la part des operations familiales, l’importance aussi du critere de proximite. Il montre l’importance de l’endettement, decrit les modalites de paiement. L’article cherche aussi a determiner si le marche est plutot domine par l’offre ou par la demande, a l’aide notamment des ventes avec faculte de rachat. La duree de validite des clauses de rachat et le prix de vente invitent a regarder les ventes assorties de cette faculte comme d’authentiques ventes plutot que comme des operations de credit. La prise en compte de l’origine des biens vendus montre enfin que le marche ne pouvait pas etre « impersonnel ».
{"title":"Un marché foncier « impersonnel » ?. L’exemple de Tourouvre-au-Perche (1560-1660)","authors":"J. Viret","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5291","url":null,"abstract":"Cette etude du marche foncier percheron vise de facon academique a savoir qui achete et qui vend, quelle sorte de biens et a quelles conditions financieres. L’etude, realisee a partir de 2 465 contrats de vente, porte sur une periode negligee par les historiens. Il s’agit de la premiere modernite, et plus precisement des annees 1560 a 1660. Le travail vise encore a mesurer la part des operations familiales, l’importance aussi du critere de proximite. Il montre l’importance de l’endettement, decrit les modalites de paiement. L’article cherche aussi a determiner si le marche est plutot domine par l’offre ou par la demande, a l’aide notamment des ventes avec faculte de rachat. La duree de validite des clauses de rachat et le prix de vente invitent a regarder les ventes assorties de cette faculte comme d’authentiques ventes plutot que comme des operations de credit. La prise en compte de l’origine des biens vendus montre enfin que le marche ne pouvait pas etre « impersonnel ».","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5306
Loïc Bonneval
Cet article porte sur les effets du controle des loyers sur la mobilite residentielle. On affirme frequemment que le controle des loyers provoque une reduction de la rotation des locataires, au detriment des nouveaux menages cherchant a se loger. En nous appuyant sur les registres de comptabilite d’un administrateur de biens lyonnais entre 1900 et 1968 (periode marquee par plusieurs mesures d’encadrement des loyers), nous montrons que le lien entre controle des loyers et baisse de la mobilite residentielle n’est reellement evident que dans les annees 1960. Ce resultat invite a relativiser le poids de l’effet pervers, pregnant dans les travaux sur ce theme.
{"title":"Les effets pervers du contrôle des loyerssur la mobilité résidentielle : une fausse évidence ?. (Lyon 1900-1968)","authors":"Loïc Bonneval","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5306","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article porte sur les effets du controle des loyers sur la mobilite residentielle. On affirme frequemment que le controle des loyers provoque une reduction de la rotation des locataires, au detriment des nouveaux menages cherchant a se loger. En nous appuyant sur les registres de comptabilite d’un administrateur de biens lyonnais entre 1900 et 1968 (periode marquee par plusieurs mesures d’encadrement des loyers), nous montrons que le lien entre controle des loyers et baisse de la mobilite residentielle n’est reellement evident que dans les annees 1960. Ce resultat invite a relativiser le poids de l’effet pervers, pregnant dans les travaux sur ce theme.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4000/histoiremesure.5437
Le Comité de Rédaction
{"title":"Trente ans d’Histoire & Mesure","authors":"Le Comité de Rédaction","doi":"10.4000/histoiremesure.5437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/histoiremesure.5437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70237109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5209
D. Baugh
During the period from 1689 to 1713 England and France fought two long wars which put their financial capabilities to an extreme test. England met the challenge with a reliable system of long-term credit. Less well known but equally important was England’s achievement in managing short-term debt (this article chiefly examines the navy’s) by methods that were centralised and transparent. In France issuance of short-term paper during the 1702-1713 war proliferated, and arrangements for dealing with it – half-public, half-private, decentralised and obscure – became imbedded. The contrasting financial inheritances had notable consequences.
{"title":"Parliament, Naval Spending and the Public. Contrasting Financial Legacies of Two Exhausting Wars, 1689-1713","authors":"D. Baugh","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5209","url":null,"abstract":"During the period from 1689 to 1713 England and France fought two long wars which put their financial capabilities to an extreme test. England met the challenge with a reliable system of long-term credit. Less well known but equally important was England’s achievement in managing short-term debt (this article chiefly examines the navy’s) by methods that were centralised and transparent. In France issuance of short-term paper during the 1702-1713 war proliferated, and arrangements for dealing with it – half-public, half-private, decentralised and obscure – became imbedded. The contrasting financial inheritances had notable consequences.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"23-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5229
A. Feenstra
The Dutch Republic is frequently depicted as an early example of a state’s credible commitment to debt. Yet these studies tend to overlook the implications of the Republic’s federal structure. This paper analyses the default by the province of Groningen during the 1680’s, at the expense of its creditors in the province of Holland. It argues that Groningen’s unique position within the federation prevented the market to punish the province for its misbehaviour. This was the coincidental historical outcome of the interaction between creditors and provincial and federal authorities. Ultimately, the creditors resorted to essentially medieval sanctions to enforce a solution.
{"title":"Hiding in a Twilight Zone. Credible Commitment in the Dutch Republic and Groningen’s 1680s Default","authors":"A. Feenstra","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5229","url":null,"abstract":"The Dutch Republic is frequently depicted as an early example of a state’s credible commitment to debt. Yet these studies tend to overlook the implications of the Republic’s federal structure. This paper analyses the default by the province of Groningen during the 1680’s, at the expense of its creditors in the province of Holland. It argues that Groningen’s unique position within the federation prevented the market to punish the province for its misbehaviour. This was the coincidental historical outcome of the interaction between creditors and provincial and federal authorities. Ultimately, the creditors resorted to essentially medieval sanctions to enforce a solution.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"30 1","pages":"79-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5255
Mathieu Marraud
Maitriser la dette des corporations parisiennes au xviiie siecle : controle monarchique, effets liberatoires et coercitifs Comme tous les corps institues, les corporations durent soutenir les finances royales au cours du xviii e siecle. Cet article evoque le travail d’une commission royale – la Commission pour la revision des comptes des communautes d’arts et metiers –, etablie en 1716 en vue de faire l’examen des situations financieres propres aux corporations, avant l’irruption d’un certain nombre d’edits royaux dans les annees 1740. La commission usa en realite de son pouvoir pour diriger et contraindre les postes de recettes et de depenses relatifs aux communautes. Le controle etatique et financier exerce sur elles servait alors a faciliter leur integration politique au sein de l’administration royale. De ce point de vue, les dettes royales rendaient possible la mise sous controle de corps dont le role d’intermediaires avait permis de secourir le credit de la monarchie.
{"title":"Mastering the Guilds’ Debts in Eighteenth-Century Paris","authors":"Mathieu Marraud","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5255","url":null,"abstract":"Maitriser la dette des corporations parisiennes au xviiie siecle : controle monarchique, effets liberatoires et coercitifs Comme tous les corps institues, les corporations durent soutenir les finances royales au cours du xviii e siecle. Cet article evoque le travail d’une commission royale – la Commission pour la revision des comptes des communautes d’arts et metiers –, etablie en 1716 en vue de faire l’examen des situations financieres propres aux corporations, avant l’irruption d’un certain nombre d’edits royaux dans les annees 1740. La commission usa en realite de son pouvoir pour diriger et contraindre les postes de recettes et de depenses relatifs aux communautes. Le controle etatique et financier exerce sur elles servait alors a faciliter leur integration politique au sein de l’administration royale. De ce point de vue, les dettes royales rendaient possible la mise sous controle de corps dont le role d’intermediaires avait permis de secourir le credit de la monarchie.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70237071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5237
J. Loiseau
The quest for financial transparency in the last decade of the Ancien Regime in France generated developments in the science of administration, particularly in public accountancy. These changes were not confined to the national level. Increasing fiscal pressure from the monarchy prompted the provincial estates to produce their own administrative knowledge, especially in fiscal and financial matters, which would serve to improve policies for the public good. In this manner, the estates meant to bring about a shift from blind obedience to the king’s demands to informed consent, which had been denied them since the reign of Louis XIV.
{"title":"From Blind Obedience to Informed Consent. Financial and Administrative Knowledge as a Political Tool in some French Provincial Estates during the Ancien Régime, 1751-1789","authors":"J. Loiseau","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5237","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for financial transparency in the last decade of the Ancien Regime in France generated developments in the science of administration, particularly in public accountancy. These changes were not confined to the national level. Increasing fiscal pressure from the monarchy prompted the provincial estates to produce their own administrative knowledge, especially in fiscal and financial matters, which would serve to improve policies for the public good. In this manner, the estates meant to bring about a shift from blind obedience to the king’s demands to informed consent, which had been denied them since the reign of Louis XIV.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"117-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70237003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5272
Daniela Ciccolella
In the article, financial transparency is read as a potential manifestation of the Enlightenment, of its search for truth in every field of social living, and of its willingness of divulge it to civil society. The case studied is the publication of the public revenue and expenses made in the Kingdom of Naples in 1789 by the famous reformer Giuseppe Maria Galanti, by order of the King. The Neapolitan case shows that truth — the disclosure of data as such — is not self-transparent, and that a fundamental condition for transparency is the kind of relationship established between who divulges the data and the recipients of this disclosure. Transparency made in Naples was false because neither the King nor Galanti were truly addressing public opinion. The King, (clumsily) following the model of Necker’s Compte rendu, authorized the divulging of the data, but did not officially sanction it. As to Galanti, he saw the publication of financial data as an application of the new statistical approach to geography and of the collaboration between philosophes and enlightened rulers.
{"title":"False Transparency. Disclosing Financial Data, between Enlightenment and Absolutism (Naples, 1780s)","authors":"Daniela Ciccolella","doi":"10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/HISTOIREMESURE.5272","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, financial transparency is read as a potential manifestation of the Enlightenment, of its search for truth in every field of social living, and of its willingness of divulge it to civil society. The case studied is the publication of the public revenue and expenses made in the Kingdom of Naples in 1789 by the famous reformer Giuseppe Maria Galanti, by order of the King. The Neapolitan case shows that truth — the disclosure of data as such — is not self-transparent, and that a fundamental condition for transparency is the kind of relationship established between who divulges the data and the recipients of this disclosure. Transparency made in Naples was false because neither the King nor Galanti were truly addressing public opinion. The King, (clumsily) following the model of Necker’s Compte rendu, authorized the divulging of the data, but did not officially sanction it. As to Galanti, he saw the publication of financial data as an application of the new statistical approach to geography and of the collaboration between philosophes and enlightened rulers.","PeriodicalId":39718,"journal":{"name":"Histoire et Mesure","volume":"1 1","pages":"215-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70236640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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