Jeremy Storer, Joseph T. Chao, A. Torelli, Alexis D. Ostrowski
Abstract Non-expert scientists are frequently involved in research requiring data acquisition over large geographic areas. Despite mutual benefits for such "citizen science", barriers also exist, including 1) difficulty maintaining user engagement with timely feedback, and 2) the challenge of providing non-experts with the means to generate reliable data. We have developed a system that addresses these barriers. Our technologies, KnoWare and InSpector, allow users to: collect reliable scientific measurements, map geo-tagged data, and intuitively visualize the results in real-time. KnoWare comprises a web portal and an iOS app with two core functions. First, users can generate scientific 'queries' that entail a call for information posed to a crowd with customized options for participant responses and viewing data. Second, users can respond to queries with their GPS-enabled mobile device, which results in their geo- and time-stamped responses populating a web-accessible map in real time. KnoWare can also interface with additional applications to diversify the types of data that can be reported. We demonstrate this capability with a second iOS app called InSpector that performs quantitative water quality measurements. When used in combination, these technologies create a workflow to facilitate the collection, sharing and interpretation of scientific data by non-expert scientists. Keywords: Citizen Science, Cell-phone Spectrometer, Water Contaminant Analysis, Web and Mobile Development, Visualization Introduction The prevalence of smartphones represents an opportunity to gather, create, and consume data from individuals on a scale that has not previously been available. Even the 'average' mobile devices in widespread use have significant computing power and are typically GPS-enabled. Scientific research that requires widespread sampling over geographic areas can benefit greatly by mobilizing members of the population equipped with these devices to conduct scientifically useful measurements or activities. Data generated in this way can complement existing data collection methods. One key advantage of these 'citizen science' initiatives is that sourcing large groups of individuals is an efficient strategy to collect large-scale data sets because contributors typically volunteer their time in exchange for meaningful participation. However, in spite of the benefits, multiple barriers work against increased prevalence of citizen science initiatives, including 1) the difficulty maintaining prolonged user engagement with meaningful feedback, and 2) the challenge of providing non-experts with the means to collect reliable data. We have developed technologies to directly address these barriers by providing 'citizen scientists' with 1) an easy-to-use mechanism to participate in scientific investigations with real time visual feedback, and 2) software and a device that interface with iPhones to collect reliable scientific measurements from color-based test kit
{"title":"KnoWare: A System for Citizen-based Environmental Monitoring","authors":"Jeremy Storer, Joseph T. Chao, A. Torelli, Alexis D. Ostrowski","doi":"10.28945/3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3500","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-expert scientists are frequently involved in research requiring data acquisition over large geographic areas. Despite mutual benefits for such \"citizen science\", barriers also exist, including 1) difficulty maintaining user engagement with timely feedback, and 2) the challenge of providing non-experts with the means to generate reliable data. We have developed a system that addresses these barriers. Our technologies, KnoWare and InSpector, allow users to: collect reliable scientific measurements, map geo-tagged data, and intuitively visualize the results in real-time. KnoWare comprises a web portal and an iOS app with two core functions. First, users can generate scientific 'queries' that entail a call for information posed to a crowd with customized options for participant responses and viewing data. Second, users can respond to queries with their GPS-enabled mobile device, which results in their geo- and time-stamped responses populating a web-accessible map in real time. KnoWare can also interface with additional applications to diversify the types of data that can be reported. We demonstrate this capability with a second iOS app called InSpector that performs quantitative water quality measurements. When used in combination, these technologies create a workflow to facilitate the collection, sharing and interpretation of scientific data by non-expert scientists. Keywords: Citizen Science, Cell-phone Spectrometer, Water Contaminant Analysis, Web and Mobile Development, Visualization Introduction The prevalence of smartphones represents an opportunity to gather, create, and consume data from individuals on a scale that has not previously been available. Even the 'average' mobile devices in widespread use have significant computing power and are typically GPS-enabled. Scientific research that requires widespread sampling over geographic areas can benefit greatly by mobilizing members of the population equipped with these devices to conduct scientifically useful measurements or activities. Data generated in this way can complement existing data collection methods. One key advantage of these 'citizen science' initiatives is that sourcing large groups of individuals is an efficient strategy to collect large-scale data sets because contributors typically volunteer their time in exchange for meaningful participation. However, in spite of the benefits, multiple barriers work against increased prevalence of citizen science initiatives, including 1) the difficulty maintaining prolonged user engagement with meaningful feedback, and 2) the challenge of providing non-experts with the means to collect reliable data. We have developed technologies to directly address these barriers by providing 'citizen scientists' with 1) an easy-to-use mechanism to participate in scientific investigations with real time visual feedback, and 2) software and a device that interface with iPhones to collect reliable scientific measurements from color-based test kit","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"125-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80960015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Karanja, Donna M. Grant, Shinetta Freeman, David Anyiwo
Abstract This study investigates the skill sets necessary for entry level systems analysts. Towards this end, the study combines two sources of data, namely, a content analysis of 200 systems analysts' online job advertisements and a survey of 20 senior Information Systems (IS) professionals. Based on Chi-square tests, the results reveal that most employers prefer entry level systems analysts with an undergraduate Computer Science degree. Furthermore, most of the employers prefer entry level systems analysts to have some years of experience as well as industry certifications. The results also reveal that there is a higher preference for entry level systems analysts who have non-technical and people skills (e.g., problem solving and oral communication). The empirical results from this study will inform IS educators as they develop future systems analysts. Additionally, the results will be useful to the aspiring systems analysts who need to make sure that they have the necessary job skills before graduating and entering the labor market. Keywords: System Analysts, Information Systems, Education, Skills, Content Analysis, Empirical Study Introduction The Information Systems major (we hereafter use IS to refer to Management Information Systems, Information Systems, Computer Information Systems, as well as the other variants of the IS related majors) is characterized by rapid growth and constant evolution. Likewise, systems analysts are required to have a range of skills and knowledge and to constantly update their skills and knowledge in order to remain competent (Joseph, Ang, Change, & Slaughter, 2010). The skills and knowledge requirements for system analysts are encapsulated in the IS 2010 model curriculum (Topi et al., 2010), in which System Analysis & Design (SA&D) is described as the course that, "....discusses the processes, methods, techniques and tools that organizations use to determine how they should conduct their business, with a particular focus on how computer-based technologies can most effectively contribute to the way business is organized. The course covers a systematic methodology for analyzing a business problem or opportunity, determining what role, if any, computer-based technologies can play in addressing the business need, articulating business requirements for the technology solution, specifying alternative approaches to acquiring the technology capabilities needed to address the business requirements, and specifying the requirements for the information systems solution in particular, in-house development, development from third-party providers, or purchased commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) packages.... " Based on the course description, it is apparent that students enrolled in the SA&D course(s) should have a myriad set of both technical and business oriented skills and knowledge. Thus, the aim of this research is to find out if there is consensus between IS professionals and the labor market on the skills and knowledge requ
{"title":"Entry Level Systems Analysts: What Does the Industry Want?","authors":"E. Karanja, Donna M. Grant, Shinetta Freeman, David Anyiwo","doi":"10.28945/3517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3517","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the skill sets necessary for entry level systems analysts. Towards this end, the study combines two sources of data, namely, a content analysis of 200 systems analysts' online job advertisements and a survey of 20 senior Information Systems (IS) professionals. Based on Chi-square tests, the results reveal that most employers prefer entry level systems analysts with an undergraduate Computer Science degree. Furthermore, most of the employers prefer entry level systems analysts to have some years of experience as well as industry certifications. The results also reveal that there is a higher preference for entry level systems analysts who have non-technical and people skills (e.g., problem solving and oral communication). The empirical results from this study will inform IS educators as they develop future systems analysts. Additionally, the results will be useful to the aspiring systems analysts who need to make sure that they have the necessary job skills before graduating and entering the labor market. Keywords: System Analysts, Information Systems, Education, Skills, Content Analysis, Empirical Study Introduction The Information Systems major (we hereafter use IS to refer to Management Information Systems, Information Systems, Computer Information Systems, as well as the other variants of the IS related majors) is characterized by rapid growth and constant evolution. Likewise, systems analysts are required to have a range of skills and knowledge and to constantly update their skills and knowledge in order to remain competent (Joseph, Ang, Change, & Slaughter, 2010). The skills and knowledge requirements for system analysts are encapsulated in the IS 2010 model curriculum (Topi et al., 2010), in which System Analysis & Design (SA&D) is described as the course that, \"....discusses the processes, methods, techniques and tools that organizations use to determine how they should conduct their business, with a particular focus on how computer-based technologies can most effectively contribute to the way business is organized. The course covers a systematic methodology for analyzing a business problem or opportunity, determining what role, if any, computer-based technologies can play in addressing the business need, articulating business requirements for the technology solution, specifying alternative approaches to acquiring the technology capabilities needed to address the business requirements, and specifying the requirements for the information systems solution in particular, in-house development, development from third-party providers, or purchased commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) packages.... \" Based on the course description, it is apparent that students enrolled in the SA&D course(s) should have a myriad set of both technical and business oriented skills and knowledge. Thus, the aim of this research is to find out if there is consensus between IS professionals and the labor market on the skills and knowledge requ","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"141-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75897187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The main aim of this paper is to provide a theoretically and empirically grounded discussion on IT-based organizational creativity support. This study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) what is the issue of organizational creativity and its IT-based support, (2) what is the demand for IT -based organizational creativity support; (3) what are the main determinants and barriers to IT-based organizational creativity support; and (4) what success factors are crucial for IT-based organizational creativity support. This paper presents the analysis results of a survey conducted in 25 selected organizations. The paper provides valuable information on the possibilities of IT applications in organizational creativity support as well as the associated success factors. It makes useful contribution to our better understanding of IT-based organizational creativity support issues. Keywords: Organizational creativity, IT-based organizational creativity support, success factors Introduction Although studies on creativity have been developing for three decades, they have not addressed the essence of organizational creativity and its IT-based support. They have been mainly focused on creative problem solving, creative processes and individual creativity support systems (Cooper, 2000; Dewett, 2003). The issue of IT-based organizational creativity support is still insufficiently investigated. The research studies are fragmented and scattered. Organizational creativity is considered one of the most actively developing research areas. It is asserted that it is a main vehicle of organizational development, the basis for staying in the market and innovative success (Amabile, 1988; Elsbach & Hargadon, 2006; McLean, 2009; Shin & Zhou, 2007). Organizations face the need to constantly generate new and useful ideas that concern products, services, processes, managerial practices as well as competitive strategies. Effective support of acquiring, collecting, storing and analyzing different information resources as well as discovering new knowledge and its rapid dissemination are of crucial importance (Arora & Nandkumar, 2012; Sirmon, Hitt, Ireland, & Gilbert, 2011; Zahra, Sapienza, & Davidsson, 2006). Several arguments can be found in the pertinent literature that Information Technologies (IT) enables organizations faster and easier access to information, improving creativity in business processes, and better communication between employees and all stakeholders (Cooper, 2000; Davenport, 2013). IT enables an organization to search and absorb new knowledge that is needed in organizational creativity and solving business problems. On the other hand, the praxis shows that success from IT-based creativity support is still questionable. Many organizations are not able to make IT an effective tool for creativity support. The reasons for this failure are not clear and still not well investigated. The need for a more systematic and deliberate study of creativity su
{"title":"Organizational Creativity and IT-based Support","authors":"C. Olszak, J. Kisielnicki","doi":"10.28945/3514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3514","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main aim of this paper is to provide a theoretically and empirically grounded discussion on IT-based organizational creativity support. This study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) what is the issue of organizational creativity and its IT-based support, (2) what is the demand for IT -based organizational creativity support; (3) what are the main determinants and barriers to IT-based organizational creativity support; and (4) what success factors are crucial for IT-based organizational creativity support. This paper presents the analysis results of a survey conducted in 25 selected organizations. The paper provides valuable information on the possibilities of IT applications in organizational creativity support as well as the associated success factors. It makes useful contribution to our better understanding of IT-based organizational creativity support issues. Keywords: Organizational creativity, IT-based organizational creativity support, success factors Introduction Although studies on creativity have been developing for three decades, they have not addressed the essence of organizational creativity and its IT-based support. They have been mainly focused on creative problem solving, creative processes and individual creativity support systems (Cooper, 2000; Dewett, 2003). The issue of IT-based organizational creativity support is still insufficiently investigated. The research studies are fragmented and scattered. Organizational creativity is considered one of the most actively developing research areas. It is asserted that it is a main vehicle of organizational development, the basis for staying in the market and innovative success (Amabile, 1988; Elsbach & Hargadon, 2006; McLean, 2009; Shin & Zhou, 2007). Organizations face the need to constantly generate new and useful ideas that concern products, services, processes, managerial practices as well as competitive strategies. Effective support of acquiring, collecting, storing and analyzing different information resources as well as discovering new knowledge and its rapid dissemination are of crucial importance (Arora & Nandkumar, 2012; Sirmon, Hitt, Ireland, & Gilbert, 2011; Zahra, Sapienza, & Davidsson, 2006). Several arguments can be found in the pertinent literature that Information Technologies (IT) enables organizations faster and easier access to information, improving creativity in business processes, and better communication between employees and all stakeholders (Cooper, 2000; Davenport, 2013). IT enables an organization to search and absorb new knowledge that is needed in organizational creativity and solving business problems. On the other hand, the praxis shows that success from IT-based creativity support is still questionable. Many organizations are not able to make IT an effective tool for creativity support. The reasons for this failure are not clear and still not well investigated. The need for a more systematic and deliberate study of creativity su","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"103-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80371398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Davey, Karoly Bozan, R. Houghton, Kevin R. Parker
Group work can provide a valuable learning experience, one that is especially relevant for those preparing to enter the information system workforce. While much has been discussed about effec-tive means of delivering the benefits of collaborative learning in groups, there are some problems that arise due to pragmatic environmental factors such as the part time work commitments of stu-dents. This study has identified a range of problems and reports on a longitudinal Action Re-search study in two universities (in Australia and the USA). Over three semesters problems were identified and methods trialled using collaborative tools. Several promising solutions are present-ed to the identified problems, including the use of video tutorials and commentary using screen recordings as a means of providing feedback to students.
{"title":"Alternatives for Pragmatic Responses to Group Work Problems","authors":"B. Davey, Karoly Bozan, R. Houghton, Kevin R. Parker","doi":"10.28945/3504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3504","url":null,"abstract":"Group work can provide a valuable learning experience, one that is especially relevant for those preparing to enter the information system workforce. While much has been discussed about effec-tive means of delivering the benefits of collaborative learning in groups, there are some problems that arise due to pragmatic environmental factors such as the part time work commitments of stu-dents. This study has identified a range of problems and reports on a longitudinal Action Re-search study in two universities (in Australia and the USA). Over three semesters problems were identified and methods trialled using collaborative tools. Several promising solutions are present-ed to the identified problems, including the use of video tutorials and commentary using screen recordings as a means of providing feedback to students.","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"89-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72670335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Gill, Matthew T. Mullarkey, Joseph E. Mohr, M. Limayem
Abstract As the complexity of a system grows, the challenge of informing the stakeholders of that system grows correspondingly. Nowhere is that challenge more daunting than in business education, where globalization, technological innovation, and increasingly complicated regulations continuously transform the business environment facing graduates and practitioners. Informing science theory proposes that different levels of complexity require different channels if effective informing is to be achieved. The paper first examines how two important sources of complexity--the diversity of clients and the ruggedness of the business landscape--are changing, and how these changes demand vastly more interactive informing channels if impact is to be achieved. Using an exploratory case study methodology, it then takes a detailed look at how one institution--the University of South Florida's Muma College of Business--has introduced a variety of new channels, many of which enable informing flows without necessarily directing them, to adapt to these environmental changes. It then considers both outcomes related to these individual informing channels and college-wide outcomes related to a broad and deep mosaic of informing flows. Finally, it considers the question of the resources required to support these new channels and the relationship between resource acquisition and channel introduction. The proposed framework for looking at business school informing channels can be applied by administrators, faculty members, and key stakeholders in understanding, evaluating, and planning programs and activities supporting informing in a complex environment. Ultimately, the informing business school framework may also provide a means for communicating impact to business school accrediting agencies (such as AACSB). Keywords: informing science, informing system, internships, externships, business education, case studies, research, channel, complexity, rugged landscape, business school, impact. Introduction Informing is central to the mission of virtually every educational institution. Recently, however, serious questions are being raised with respect to the impact that higher education is having on its stakeholders (Gill, 2010). In the U.S., high student loan default rates, failure of many students--particularly disadvantaged students--to graduate, the growth in the number of administrators, and the production of expensive research that appears to serve no useful purpose are all symptomatic of these concerns. Nowhere are these concerns more apparent than in today's business schools. Accrediting agencies, such as AACSB International, have made impact a top priority in ongoing accreditations (AACSB, 2008, 2015). Institutions must justify their impact on all their key stakeholders: their students, the community of research scholars, and the community of practice. Failure to demonstrate effective informing of even one of these stakeholder communities could lead to probationary s
随着系统复杂性的增长，告知涉众该系统的挑战也相应增长。在商业教育领域，全球化、技术创新和日益复杂的法规不断改变着毕业生和从业者面临的商业环境，这是最令人生畏的挑战。信息科学理论提出，要实现有效的信息传递，不同的复杂程度需要不同的渠道。本文首先考察了复杂性的两个重要来源——客户的多样性和商业环境的坚固性——是如何变化的，以及如果要实现影响，这些变化如何要求更多的交互式信息渠道。然后，使用探索性案例研究方法，详细研究了南佛罗里达大学Muma商学院(University of South Florida’s Muma College of Business)这一机构是如何引入各种新渠道的，其中许多渠道在没有必要指导的情况下实现了信息流动，以适应这些环境变化。然后，它考虑了与这些个人信息渠道相关的结果，以及与广泛而深刻的信息流马赛克相关的大学范围内的结果。最后，本文考虑了支持这些新渠道所需的资源问题，以及资源获取与渠道引入之间的关系。研究商学院信息渠道的建议框架可以被管理者、教师和主要利益相关者应用于理解、评估和规划在复杂环境中支持信息的项目和活动。最终，通知商学院框架也可能提供一种向商学院认证机构(如AACSB)传达影响的手段。关键词:信息科学、信息系统、实习、实习、商业教育、案例研究、研究、渠道、复杂性、崎岖景观、商学院、影响。提供信息是几乎所有教育机构的核心使命。然而，最近，关于高等教育对其利益相关者的影响，人们提出了严重的问题(吉尔，2010)。在美国，高额的学生贷款违约率，许多学生——尤其是弱势学生——未能毕业，管理人员数量的增加，以及似乎毫无用处的昂贵研究成果的产生，都是这些担忧的症状。这些担忧在当今的商学院中表现得最为明显。认证机构，如AACSB国际，已经将影响作为正在进行的认证的首要任务(AACSB, 2008, 2015)。机构必须证明其对所有关键利益相关者的影响:学生、研究学者群体和实践群体。未能有效地告知这些利益相关者群体中的任何一个都可能导致试用状态，这可能危及机构的声誉，甚至其长期生存。利害攸关，各机构必须调整其通报活动，使其效力最大化，并确保获得有关其效力的证据。从信息科学的角度来看，利益攸关方所经历的环境性质的变化加剧了实现可衡量影响的挑战。特别重要的是这种环境的潜在复杂性。在其他地方(例如，Gill, 2010)也有人认为，商业环境正变得越来越复杂。虽然环境复杂性有许多来源，但一些最重要的驱动因素包括以下几点:全球化:有助于增加参与者的数量、他们的多样性，以及他们之间的相互依赖程度，正如精心设计的全球供应链的出现所证明的那样。…
{"title":"Building an Informing Business School: A Case Study of USF's Muma College of Business","authors":"T. Gill, Matthew T. Mullarkey, Joseph E. Mohr, M. Limayem","doi":"10.28945/3428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3428","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the complexity of a system grows, the challenge of informing the stakeholders of that system grows correspondingly. Nowhere is that challenge more daunting than in business education, where globalization, technological innovation, and increasingly complicated regulations continuously transform the business environment facing graduates and practitioners. Informing science theory proposes that different levels of complexity require different channels if effective informing is to be achieved. The paper first examines how two important sources of complexity--the diversity of clients and the ruggedness of the business landscape--are changing, and how these changes demand vastly more interactive informing channels if impact is to be achieved. Using an exploratory case study methodology, it then takes a detailed look at how one institution--the University of South Florida's Muma College of Business--has introduced a variety of new channels, many of which enable informing flows without necessarily directing them, to adapt to these environmental changes. It then considers both outcomes related to these individual informing channels and college-wide outcomes related to a broad and deep mosaic of informing flows. Finally, it considers the question of the resources required to support these new channels and the relationship between resource acquisition and channel introduction. The proposed framework for looking at business school informing channels can be applied by administrators, faculty members, and key stakeholders in understanding, evaluating, and planning programs and activities supporting informing in a complex environment. Ultimately, the informing business school framework may also provide a means for communicating impact to business school accrediting agencies (such as AACSB). Keywords: informing science, informing system, internships, externships, business education, case studies, research, channel, complexity, rugged landscape, business school, impact. Introduction Informing is central to the mission of virtually every educational institution. Recently, however, serious questions are being raised with respect to the impact that higher education is having on its stakeholders (Gill, 2010). In the U.S., high student loan default rates, failure of many students--particularly disadvantaged students--to graduate, the growth in the number of administrators, and the production of expensive research that appears to serve no useful purpose are all symptomatic of these concerns. Nowhere are these concerns more apparent than in today's business schools. Accrediting agencies, such as AACSB International, have made impact a top priority in ongoing accreditations (AACSB, 2008, 2015). Institutions must justify their impact on all their key stakeholders: their students, the community of research scholars, and the community of practice. Failure to demonstrate effective informing of even one of these stakeholder communities could lead to probationary s","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76033544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Web portals have been used as information products to deliver personalized, feature-rich, and flexible information needs to Internet users. However, all portals are not equal. Most of them have relatively a small number of visitors, while a few capture the majority of surfers. This study seeks to uncover the factors that contribute the perceived quality of a general portal. Based on 21 factors derived from an extensive literature review on Information Product Quality (IPQ), web usage, and media use, an experimental study was conducted to identify the factors that are perceived by web portal users as most relevant. The literature categorizes quality factors of an information product in three dimensions: information, physical, and service. This experiment suggests a different clustering of factors: Content relevancy, Communication interactiveness, Information currency, and Instant gratification. The findings in this study will help developers find a more customer-oriented approach to developing high-traffic portals. Keywords: web portal, web portal quality, information quality, information product quality, perceived quality; intention to use Introduction An Information Product can be defined as a highly interdependent package of information that can be digitalized and can be transmitted and distributed in digital form (Fielding et al., 1998; Shapiro & Varian, 1998). Web portals are one of the commonly used Information Products nowadays and an example of the delivery mechanisms in the informing science framework (Cohen, 1999). People often set up a web portal as the first page of their web browser, a single access point to search, retrieve, and disseminate information (Marck, Raving, & Byrd, 2001). This results in the use of web portals for a considerable amount of time every day. To enhance the quality of website design, many developers refer to the templates proposed by software vendors. Most of the design principles were derived from the well-tested UML-based Graphical User Interfaces design principles and the increasing use of flash and related technologies. However, due to the necessity of using the portals as a gateway for collecting data that could be exploited for marketing and marketing research purposes, the design of the portals has recently been more directed toward the needs of the businesses rather than focusing on the desires of the surfers or customers. Google.com has recently issued some quality guidelines to remind developers to "make pages primarily for users, not for search engines" since there is an increasing trend to deceive surfers or present different content to improve search engine rankings ("Webmaster guidelines", 2009). In contrast, there remains little research as to what would attract users to a portal, as a particular Information Product (Meisel & Sullivan, 2000). Since many people spend a significant of their time on the use of web portals every day, it becomes important to investigate how people to use web
{"title":"Influence of Information Product Quality on Informing Users: A Web Portal Context","authors":"Junghyun Nam","doi":"10.28945/3570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3570","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Web portals have been used as information products to deliver personalized, feature-rich, and flexible information needs to Internet users. However, all portals are not equal. Most of them have relatively a small number of visitors, while a few capture the majority of surfers. This study seeks to uncover the factors that contribute the perceived quality of a general portal. Based on 21 factors derived from an extensive literature review on Information Product Quality (IPQ), web usage, and media use, an experimental study was conducted to identify the factors that are perceived by web portal users as most relevant. The literature categorizes quality factors of an information product in three dimensions: information, physical, and service. This experiment suggests a different clustering of factors: Content relevancy, Communication interactiveness, Information currency, and Instant gratification. The findings in this study will help developers find a more customer-oriented approach to developing high-traffic portals. Keywords: web portal, web portal quality, information quality, information product quality, perceived quality; intention to use Introduction An Information Product can be defined as a highly interdependent package of information that can be digitalized and can be transmitted and distributed in digital form (Fielding et al., 1998; Shapiro & Varian, 1998). Web portals are one of the commonly used Information Products nowadays and an example of the delivery mechanisms in the informing science framework (Cohen, 1999). People often set up a web portal as the first page of their web browser, a single access point to search, retrieve, and disseminate information (Marck, Raving, & Byrd, 2001). This results in the use of web portals for a considerable amount of time every day. To enhance the quality of website design, many developers refer to the templates proposed by software vendors. Most of the design principles were derived from the well-tested UML-based Graphical User Interfaces design principles and the increasing use of flash and related technologies. However, due to the necessity of using the portals as a gateway for collecting data that could be exploited for marketing and marketing research purposes, the design of the portals has recently been more directed toward the needs of the businesses rather than focusing on the desires of the surfers or customers. Google.com has recently issued some quality guidelines to remind developers to \"make pages primarily for users, not for search engines\" since there is an increasing trend to deceive surfers or present different content to improve search engine rankings (\"Webmaster guidelines\", 2009). In contrast, there remains little research as to what would attract users to a portal, as a particular Information Product (Meisel & Sullivan, 2000). Since many people spend a significant of their time on the use of web portals every day, it becomes important to investigate how people to use web ","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"381-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89396420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The following definition of "option" is given in Wikipedia - "In finance, an option is a contract, which gives the buyer (the owner or holder) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the form of the option" ("Option," n.d.). Option as a risk management (mitigation) tool is broadly used in finance and trade. At the same time, it introduces asymmetry in the sense that, probabilistically, it limits the level of losses (e.g., the price of the option) and allows for unlimited gains. In the market of sophisticated devices (as smart phones, tablets, etc.), where technologies are rapidly advancing, customers usually do not have the experience to use all features of the device at the time of the purchase. Due to the lack of appropriate expertise, the risk of misinforming, leading to not purchasing the "right" device is high, but given enough time to learn the capabilities of the device and map these to the needs and tasks that device will be used for, could provide the client with substantial long term benefits. Warranty of misinforming is a mechanism that provides the client with the opportunity to explore the device and master its features under limited risk of financial losses. Thus, the warranty of misinforming could be considered as an option - the customers buy it (at a fixed cost) and may gain (theoretically) unlimited benefit by realizing (within the terms of the warranty) that the device can be used to solve a variety of problems not envisaged at the time of purchase. In this study we present the idea of treating the warranty of misinforming as an option in finances and provide examples to illustrate our viewpoint. Keywords: warranty of malfunctioning, warranty of misinforming, options, asymmetry, utility, risk of misinforming. "Trial and error is freedom." (Taleb, 2014, p. 246) Introduction The market of complex and technologically advanced devices is growing quickly, offering many challenges to all involved parties. The major challenge is that many new features are included in the next generation devices and these new devices show up on the market almost on a daily basis. This quick turnaround does not allow the customers to learn how to fully utilize the device's built-in features. Additionally, the smart devices allow an easy extension of their capabilities by adding a variety of on-line applications. All of the above significantly affect the risk of misinforming. Usually, at the time of purchase, the seller is not familiar with the problems/tasks the costumer aims to solve with the device and therefore is not able to provide in depth advice. The customer has to gain experience in using the device and mapping its features to the problems/tasks s/he faces. Also, often it is difficult to realize that a newly encountered problem/task can be addressed by the same device as the customer was not aware of this possibility at t
“期权”的以下定义在维基百科中给出-“在金融中，期权是一种合同，它赋予买方(所有者或持有人)权利，但不是义务，根据期权的形式，在指定日期或之前以指定的执行价格购买或出售标的资产或工具”(“期权”，无日期)。期权作为一种风险管理(缓解)工具被广泛应用于金融和贸易领域。同时，它引入了不对称，从概率上讲，它限制了损失的水平(例如，期权的价格)，并允许无限的收益。在技术快速发展的高端设备市场(如智能手机、平板电脑等)中，客户在购买时通常没有体验到设备的所有功能。由于缺乏适当的专业知识，错误信息的风险很高，导致没有购买“正确”的设备，但给予足够的时间来了解设备的功能，并将这些功能映射到设备将用于的需求和任务，可以为客户提供实质性的长期利益。误报保证是一种在有限的经济损失风险下，为客户提供探索设备和掌握其功能的机会的机制。因此，错误信息的保证可以被视为一种选择-客户购买它(以固定成本)，并可能获得(理论上)无限的利益，通过实现(在保修条款内)该设备可用于解决购买时未设想的各种问题。在本研究中，我们提出了将错误信息的保证作为财务选择的想法，并提供示例来说明我们的观点。关键词:故障保修、误报保修、期权、不对称、效用、误报风险。“试错就是自由。”(Taleb, 2014, p. 246)引言复杂和技术先进的设备市场正在迅速增长，为所有相关方提供了许多挑战。主要的挑战是下一代设备中包含了许多新功能，这些新设备几乎每天都会出现在市场上。这种快速周转不允许客户学习如何充分利用设备的内置功能。此外，智能设备允许通过添加各种在线应用程序轻松扩展其功能。所有这些都显著影响了虚假信息的风险。通常，在购买时，卖方并不熟悉客户希望用设备解决的问题/任务，因此无法提供深入的建议。客户必须获得使用设备的经验，并将其功能映射到他/她面临的问题/任务。此外，通常很难意识到新遇到的问题/任务可以通过相同的设备来解决，因为客户在购买时没有意识到这种可能性，当然，他/她没有将这些包含在他/她的购买动机中。这表明，错误信息也可能有一些积极的结果。在早期的研究中，误报的正面效应的选择并没有被强调，绝对值得关注。就这些积极结果而言，买卖双方之间的信息不对称并不是量化错误信息风险的关键因素，而且不能通过改善双方之间的沟通过程来减少信息不对称。此外，即使是客户的培训也不一定能揭示产品的潜在潜力，减少误传。设备对特定客户的全部好处通常是通过试验和错误偶然了解的，并且高度依赖于客户快速采用设备的新技术进步的能力。…
{"title":"Warranty of Misinforming as an Option in Product Utilization Process","authors":"Dimitar Christozov, S. Chukova, P. Mateev","doi":"10.28945/3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3494","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The following definition of \"option\" is given in Wikipedia - \"In finance, an option is a contract, which gives the buyer (the owner or holder) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the form of the option\" (\"Option,\" n.d.). Option as a risk management (mitigation) tool is broadly used in finance and trade. At the same time, it introduces asymmetry in the sense that, probabilistically, it limits the level of losses (e.g., the price of the option) and allows for unlimited gains. In the market of sophisticated devices (as smart phones, tablets, etc.), where technologies are rapidly advancing, customers usually do not have the experience to use all features of the device at the time of the purchase. Due to the lack of appropriate expertise, the risk of misinforming, leading to not purchasing the \"right\" device is high, but given enough time to learn the capabilities of the device and map these to the needs and tasks that device will be used for, could provide the client with substantial long term benefits. Warranty of misinforming is a mechanism that provides the client with the opportunity to explore the device and master its features under limited risk of financial losses. Thus, the warranty of misinforming could be considered as an option - the customers buy it (at a fixed cost) and may gain (theoretically) unlimited benefit by realizing (within the terms of the warranty) that the device can be used to solve a variety of problems not envisaged at the time of purchase. In this study we present the idea of treating the warranty of misinforming as an option in finances and provide examples to illustrate our viewpoint. Keywords: warranty of malfunctioning, warranty of misinforming, options, asymmetry, utility, risk of misinforming. \"Trial and error is freedom.\" (Taleb, 2014, p. 246) Introduction The market of complex and technologically advanced devices is growing quickly, offering many challenges to all involved parties. The major challenge is that many new features are included in the next generation devices and these new devices show up on the market almost on a daily basis. This quick turnaround does not allow the customers to learn how to fully utilize the device's built-in features. Additionally, the smart devices allow an easy extension of their capabilities by adding a variety of on-line applications. All of the above significantly affect the risk of misinforming. Usually, at the time of purchase, the seller is not familiar with the problems/tasks the costumer aims to solve with the device and therefore is not able to provide in depth advice. The customer has to gain experience in using the device and mapping its features to the problems/tasks s/he faces. Also, often it is difficult to realize that a newly encountered problem/task can be addressed by the same device as the customer was not aware of this possibility at t","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"182 1","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80296344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Sun, R. Spathis, K. Sankaranarayanan, Chim W. Chan, J. Lum
Abstract The all-pervasive Internet has created serious problems, such as Internet overuse, which has triggered considerable debate over its relationship with addiction. To further explore its genetic susceptibilities and alternative explanations for Internet overuse, we proposed and evaluated four hypotheses, each based on existing knowledge of the biological bases of addiction, inattention, novelty-seeking, and harm-avoidance. Four genetic loci including DRD4 VNTR, DRD2 TaqlA, COMT Val158Met and 5-HTTLPR length polymorphisms were screened from seventy-three individuals. Our results showed that the DRD4 4R/4R individuals scored significantly higher than the 2R or 7R carriers in Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The 5-HTTLPR short/short males scored significantly higher in IAT than the long variant carriers. Bayesian analysis showed the most compatible hypothesis with the observed genetic results was based on attention (69.8%), whereas hypotheses based harm-avoidance (21.6%), novelty-seeking (7.8%) and addiction (0.9%) received little support. Our study suggests that carriers of alleles (DRD4 2R and 7R, 5-HTTLPR long) associated with inattentiveness are more likely to experience disrupted patterns and reduced durations of Internet use, protecting them from Internet overuse. Further-more, our study suggests that Internet overuse should be categorized differently from addiction due to the lack of shared genetic contributions. Keywords: Internet overuse; inattentiveness; dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4); serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR); Internet Addiction Test Introduction The advent of the Internet age in the last decade provided the world with new landscapes of sociability and access. Lately, the growing role of the Internet, along with other new information technologies (e.g., mobile devices and applications), has become increasingly pervasive and influential in all aspects of our everyday life. With its impersonal method of communication, copious amount of information, and many other unprecedented features, the Internet has reshaped and redefined friendships, businesses, professions, academia, and entertainment. Meanwhile, the omnipresent Internet has created serious social and personal problems, everything from privacy theft (Aimeur & Schonfeld, 2011) and cyberbullying (Tokunaga, 2010) to Internet overuse. Is Internet Overuse a Type of Addiction? Since the term "Internet addiction" was first introduced in 1996 (Young, 1996), there has been considerable debate by both clinicians and academicians over whether it should be diagnosed, studied, and treated the same way as substance addictions such as alcohol, nicotine and drugs (Beard & Wolf, 2001; Campbell, Cumming, & Hughes, 2006; Mitchell, 2000; Murali & George, 2007; Young, 2004). The discussion has become even more contentious after pathological gambling became the first behavioral disorder recognized as a type of addiction by the American Psychiatric Association (2013). The controversy is a
{"title":"Genetic-linked Inattentiveness Protects Individuals from Internet Overuse: A Genetic Study of Internet Overuse Evaluating Hypotheses Based on Addiction, Inattention, Novelty-seeking and Harm-avoidance","authors":"Cheng Sun, R. Spathis, K. Sankaranarayanan, Chim W. Chan, J. Lum","doi":"10.28945/3520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3520","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The all-pervasive Internet has created serious problems, such as Internet overuse, which has triggered considerable debate over its relationship with addiction. To further explore its genetic susceptibilities and alternative explanations for Internet overuse, we proposed and evaluated four hypotheses, each based on existing knowledge of the biological bases of addiction, inattention, novelty-seeking, and harm-avoidance. Four genetic loci including DRD4 VNTR, DRD2 TaqlA, COMT Val158Met and 5-HTTLPR length polymorphisms were screened from seventy-three individuals. Our results showed that the DRD4 4R/4R individuals scored significantly higher than the 2R or 7R carriers in Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The 5-HTTLPR short/short males scored significantly higher in IAT than the long variant carriers. Bayesian analysis showed the most compatible hypothesis with the observed genetic results was based on attention (69.8%), whereas hypotheses based harm-avoidance (21.6%), novelty-seeking (7.8%) and addiction (0.9%) received little support. Our study suggests that carriers of alleles (DRD4 2R and 7R, 5-HTTLPR long) associated with inattentiveness are more likely to experience disrupted patterns and reduced durations of Internet use, protecting them from Internet overuse. Further-more, our study suggests that Internet overuse should be categorized differently from addiction due to the lack of shared genetic contributions. Keywords: Internet overuse; inattentiveness; dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4); serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR); Internet Addiction Test Introduction The advent of the Internet age in the last decade provided the world with new landscapes of sociability and access. Lately, the growing role of the Internet, along with other new information technologies (e.g., mobile devices and applications), has become increasingly pervasive and influential in all aspects of our everyday life. With its impersonal method of communication, copious amount of information, and many other unprecedented features, the Internet has reshaped and redefined friendships, businesses, professions, academia, and entertainment. Meanwhile, the omnipresent Internet has created serious social and personal problems, everything from privacy theft (Aimeur & Schonfeld, 2011) and cyberbullying (Tokunaga, 2010) to Internet overuse. Is Internet Overuse a Type of Addiction? Since the term \"Internet addiction\" was first introduced in 1996 (Young, 1996), there has been considerable debate by both clinicians and academicians over whether it should be diagnosed, studied, and treated the same way as substance addictions such as alcohol, nicotine and drugs (Beard & Wolf, 2001; Campbell, Cumming, & Hughes, 2006; Mitchell, 2000; Murali & George, 2007; Young, 2004). The discussion has become even more contentious after pathological gambling became the first behavioral disorder recognized as a type of addiction by the American Psychiatric Association (2013). The controversy is a","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"173-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77314033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In his "Theses on the Philosophy of History", Walter Benjamin suggests that all cultural treasures "owe their existence not only to the efforts of the great minds and talents who have created them, but also to the anonymous toil of their contemporaries. There is no document of civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism". The most obvious and prominent examples of cultural treasures in Benjamin's discourses can be found in monumental architectural works, and history has shown that rulers have really been interested in such splendor stone statements. Benjamin's discourse challenges a dominant idea that seeks to give an ambitious image of these architectural works with the purpose of confirming and endorsing a splendid cultural past so that it can give shape to an integrated and arbitrary cultural geography. This theoretical study, which has been conducted using library resources, employing the discourse and method of "cinematic thinking", attempts to review the role of these monumental architectural works in establishing and shaping national cultural geography. This process is an effort to open boundaries of theorization in area of art and architecture, with the help of ideas that moving cinematic images leave in place. Keywords: cinematic thinking, monumental architectural works, cultural documents, montage, cultural imaginary geography. Introduction Interdisciplinary studies refers to "the process of communication, interaction, and integration of knowledge, concepts, experiences, and specialties of two or several scientific disciplines which is conducted with purpose of comprehensive recognition, dynamic understanding, and scientific analysis of real problems, subjects, and phenomena" (Khorsandi Tasko, 2008, p. 36). Interdisciplinary studies create a space between participating disciplines and focus on overlapping areas between disciplines. In these studies, relations are quite relative, and participating parties can benefit from hypotheses and fundamentals of involved perspectives disciplines proportionately. Interdisciplinary studies, by expanding boundaries of knowledge, enable examination of different phenomena with various perspectives obtained from different disciplines and by opening traditional boundaries of fields to one another, expand potentials of each of participating areas. The more interdisciplinary studies can cross barriers and walls that separate disciplines, the more dynamic and creative interdisciplinary interactions are realized. In order to build a common ground in interdisciplinary studies, the following techniques have been proposed (Repko, Newell, & Szostak, 2011): 1- Redefinition: Semantic explanation & adaptation of terms and hypotheses 2- Extension: Extension of a new idea or territory 3- Organization: Explaining implicit commonalities between areas and describing the commonalities between them 4- Transformation: Observing differences Some theorists believe that in interdisciplinary stu
沃尔特·本雅明在《历史哲学提纲》中指出，一切文化瑰宝的存在“不仅要归功于创造它们的伟大思想家和人才的努力，也要归功于同时代人的默默无闻的辛勤劳动”。没有一份文明的文件不是同时也是一份野蛮的文件”。本雅明话语中最明显、最突出的文化宝藏可以在不朽的建筑作品中找到，历史表明，统治者确实对这种辉煌的石头宣言感兴趣。本雅明的话语挑战了一种主流观念，即试图给这些建筑作品一个雄心勃勃的形象，目的是确认和认可一个辉煌的文化过去，这样它就可以塑造一个完整的、任意的文化地理。本理论研究利用图书馆资源，运用“电影思维”的话语和方法，试图回顾这些纪念性建筑作品在建立和塑造国家文化地理中的作用。这个过程是一个努力，在艺术和建筑领域的理论化的边界，与思想的帮助下，移动的电影图像留下的地方。关键词:电影思维，纪念性建筑作品，文化文献，蒙太奇，文化想象地理。跨学科研究是指“以全面认识、动态理解和科学分析实际问题、主题和现象为目的，将两个或多个科学学科的知识、概念、经验和专长进行交流、互动和整合的过程”(Khorsandi Tasko, 2008, p. 36)。跨学科研究在参与的学科之间创造了一个空间，并关注学科之间的重叠领域。在这些研究中，关系是相对的，参与方可以按比例地从所涉及的观点学科的假设和基础中获益。跨学科研究，通过扩大知识边界，从不同学科获得不同的观点来检查不同的现象，通过开放传统的领域边界，扩大每个参与领域的潜力。跨学科研究越能跨越学科之间的障碍和壁垒，跨学科的互动就越有活力和创造性。为了在跨学科研究中建立一个共同点，提出了以下技术(Repko, Newell， & Szostak, 2011): 1-重新定义:术语和假设的语义解释和适应2-扩展:新思想或领域的扩展3-组织:解释领域之间的隐含共性并描述它们之间的共性4-转换:一些理论家认为，在跨学科研究中，各个学科的边界和领域保持不变，在相邻和联谊的过程中，各个参与学科保持各自的独立性。另一组认为，跨学科方法可以挑战相关分支的初始假设，并且作为学科之间合作和参与的结果，新的假设可能在每个学科中出现。这是信息科学研究所提出的立场。因此，跨学科方法通过揭示沉默和隐藏的方面，可以跨越和违反严格的格式和既定的边界(Khorsandi Tasko, 2008)。根据Klein的说法，通过跨学科研究的延伸，“将知识作为基础或线性结构的处理已经被网络和网络等术语所取代”(引自Khorshidi & Pishgahi, 2012, p. ...)
{"title":"Montage: Expanding the Concept of Informing through Cinematic Concepts","authors":"E. Moaddab","doi":"10.28945/3543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3543","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In his \"Theses on the Philosophy of History\", Walter Benjamin suggests that all cultural treasures \"owe their existence not only to the efforts of the great minds and talents who have created them, but also to the anonymous toil of their contemporaries. There is no document of civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism\". The most obvious and prominent examples of cultural treasures in Benjamin's discourses can be found in monumental architectural works, and history has shown that rulers have really been interested in such splendor stone statements. Benjamin's discourse challenges a dominant idea that seeks to give an ambitious image of these architectural works with the purpose of confirming and endorsing a splendid cultural past so that it can give shape to an integrated and arbitrary cultural geography. This theoretical study, which has been conducted using library resources, employing the discourse and method of \"cinematic thinking\", attempts to review the role of these monumental architectural works in establishing and shaping national cultural geography. This process is an effort to open boundaries of theorization in area of art and architecture, with the help of ideas that moving cinematic images leave in place. Keywords: cinematic thinking, monumental architectural works, cultural documents, montage, cultural imaginary geography. Introduction Interdisciplinary studies refers to \"the process of communication, interaction, and integration of knowledge, concepts, experiences, and specialties of two or several scientific disciplines which is conducted with purpose of comprehensive recognition, dynamic understanding, and scientific analysis of real problems, subjects, and phenomena\" (Khorsandi Tasko, 2008, p. 36). Interdisciplinary studies create a space between participating disciplines and focus on overlapping areas between disciplines. In these studies, relations are quite relative, and participating parties can benefit from hypotheses and fundamentals of involved perspectives disciplines proportionately. Interdisciplinary studies, by expanding boundaries of knowledge, enable examination of different phenomena with various perspectives obtained from different disciplines and by opening traditional boundaries of fields to one another, expand potentials of each of participating areas. The more interdisciplinary studies can cross barriers and walls that separate disciplines, the more dynamic and creative interdisciplinary interactions are realized. In order to build a common ground in interdisciplinary studies, the following techniques have been proposed (Repko, Newell, & Szostak, 2011): 1- Redefinition: Semantic explanation & adaptation of terms and hypotheses 2- Extension: Extension of a new idea or territory 3- Organization: Explaining implicit commonalities between areas and describing the commonalities between them 4- Transformation: Observing differences Some theorists believe that in interdisciplinary stu","PeriodicalId":39754,"journal":{"name":"Informing Science","volume":"84 1","pages":"239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83399997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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