Geographie Economie Societe最新文献

Which are the economic activities more likely to structure the metropolitan area? This is the principal question addressed in this research taking its empirical substance from the example of Montreal (Canada). We use 1996 sectoral employment data by census tract. The methodology used—gravity model combined with the principal components analysis (PCA)—allows us to identify the agglomeration of some activities and the tendency of co-location of such activities. High-tech activities are analyzed in the first instance. Their role in the spatial structure of the local economy varies according the importance of immediate proximity. However, the most outstanding result of this analysis is the extent to which the spatial pattern is linked to the sectoral pattern.

Agriculture is subject to political measures that follow, on the one hand, a sector-based development rationale, and on the other hand, a territorial development rationale. The confrontation of both rationales generates new requirements concerning intangible investments in agriculture: (i) there is a growing demand for advice as well as for new knowledge, which would make it possible to accommodate various regulatory instructions that are not necessarily compatible. In addition to this, (ii) public and semi-public technical support organisms should address a broader public. But analyses of ongoing reorganisations in five selected EU countries reveal that sector-based frameworks are insufficiently adapted to these requirements of territorial development. This ill-adaptation is nowhere compensated by emerging local institutions which would enable people having a farming activity to benefit from the new type of intangible investments they need.

We study a regional institutional change of the “Champagne-Ardenne” through the model of triple helix. The triple helix is a concept proposed for modeling the transformation processes in university-industry-government relations. In Triple Helix III the institutional spheres of university, industry, and government, in addition to performing their traditional functions, each assume the roles of the others, with universities creating an industrial penumbra, or performing a quasi-governmental role as a regional or local innovation organizer.

Among the cultural industries, the music industry is understudied. Its structure is evolving under the effect of a vertical and horizontal concentration of the disc companies and their integration to multimedia multinationals. At the same time, the music industry as it is spatially configured presently is put into question by the disruption of the numeric technology and the digital compression. Both the economic concentration and the digital compression are linked while they are related to the spatial regulation of innovation and to the interactions between the networks of production and innovation. These interactions are the sources of a shift in the spatial, technological and cost control within the musical industry.

In the 1990s, the dispute between states and municipalities for new investments in the automobile industry increased in terms of frequency and intensity. Few states could resist the temptation to offer enormous incentives to car manufacturers with the hope of gaining jobs, technology and more taxes in exchange. The competition was baptized the fiscal war because the game was based on revenue and future tax collected by the Brazilian states. As time went by, the mechanisms used to attract new investments were becoming increasingly sophisticated and more difficult to abolish by an eventual tax reform at the national level. The current question at the bottom of the fiscal war has both a national and political dimension. In fact, it touches upon the bases of our society by revealing the need to find a new equilibrium between cooperation and conflict among Brazil’s federation of states. Our central hypothesis is that this dispute, in its actual form, represents an enormous waste of public resources for state governments and the country as a whole. The rules of the game, the weapons involved, and the territory of the fiscal war favour, in the first instance, the large car makers.

In 2001, major publications improved knowledge about agglomeration outputs on three aspects: measure of concentration in absolute volume, especially in calculating the effect size of a city labour market; the respective weight of concentration factors, particularly the average speed of transportation systems; the impact of concentration on labour productivity.

In few decades, South Korea left its status of country among the poorests in the world to become one of the most industrialized ones. Submitted to a dictatorial regime since the Korea war, it has succeeded its democratic transition. In the following of the 1997–98 asiatic crisis, it was ranged among the most important net market. For these different reasons, South Korea constitutes a wide scale laboratory for studying the conditions of a successfull development, the impact of the asiatic crisis or the challenges of globalization. Yet, in France at least, researchers have shown few interest for this country. After examining the korean model from the 50’s up to now, the author tries to give some explanation of this paradox.

The paper aims to shed a renewed light on structural obstacles restraining growth by focusing on the dynamics of intangible and relational activities and on the possible obstacles to their own development. This leads to consider how crucial can be the role of institutional measures in overcoming such obstacles. These measures have to do with sectors and territories considered as historical outcomes in which externalities can be dealt with. They also have consequences on the way competences and borders of these sectors and territories have been defined until now. Such a process takes place in a necessity to consider governance as the new relevant logic of action.