Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.011
Sarah Benyo MD, Paul C. Bryson MD, MBA
The utility of office-based laryngeal surgery has greatly expanded in recent decades due to a variety of technological advances including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopes with operative channels and the evolution of laser technology. The indications for laser procedures and the various laser types have also grown from the traditional pulsed dye, 532-nm pulsed potassium titanyl phosphate, and carbon dioxide lasers to include the newer blue light and thulium lasers. Our objective was to review the evolution of office-based laryngeal laser procedures, the benefits and drawbacks of different laser types, and the procedural steps for performing laser procedures under local anesthesia in the office setting.
{"title":"In-office use of lasers in the larynx","authors":"Sarah Benyo MD, Paul C. Bryson MD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utility of office-based laryngeal surgery has greatly expanded in recent decades due to a variety of technological advances including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopes with operative channels and the evolution of laser technology. The indications for laser procedures and the various laser types have also grown from the traditional pulsed dye, 532-nm pulsed potassium titanyl phosphate, and carbon dioxide lasers to include the newer blue light and thulium lasers. Our objective was to review the evolution of office-based laryngeal laser procedures, the benefits and drawbacks of different laser types, and the procedural steps for performing laser procedures under local anesthesia in the office setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.007
Rachel Jonas MD, Mark Fritz MD
Glottic insufficiency is a condition in which the true vocal folds, for various reasons, do not completely meet in the midline during phonation. One treatment option for this condition is vocal fold injection augmentation, in which a temporary material such as carboxymethylcellulose or hyaluronic acid is injected into the vocal fold to increase its bulk and result in closure of the glottic gap. This can be performed on an awake patient in the clinic via a transcervical or a peroral approach. The purpose of this article is to describe techniques for performing this procedure on an awake patient.
{"title":"In Office Vocal Fold Injection Augmentation","authors":"Rachel Jonas MD, Mark Fritz MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glottic insufficiency is a condition in which the true vocal folds, for various reasons, do not completely meet in the midline during phonation. One treatment option for this condition is vocal fold injection augmentation, in which a temporary material such as carboxymethylcellulose or hyaluronic acid is injected into the vocal fold to increase its bulk and result in closure of the glottic gap. This can be performed on an awake patient in the clinic via a transcervical or a peroral approach. The purpose of this article is to describe techniques for performing this procedure on an awake patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.005
Dan Spangler MD , Drew H. Smith MD, MS , Marc Dean MD
Balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube is a relatively recent procedure that has demonstrated effectiveness in treating Eustachian tube dysfunction through multiple randomized controlled trials. Approved by the FDA, it first proved successful in the operating room and has advanced to becoming an effective procedure that may be carried out in the office setting under local anesthesia. With a low complication rate and lasting results, balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube has increased the quality of life of patients around the world. In this article we explore the work up of Eustachian tube dysfunction, treatment algorithms, procedural steps for balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube, expected outcomes, tips to avoid complications, anticipated recovery, as well as coding and reimbursement.
{"title":"Office balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube","authors":"Dan Spangler MD , Drew H. Smith MD, MS , Marc Dean MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube is a relatively recent procedure that has demonstrated effectiveness in treating Eustachian tube dysfunction through multiple randomized controlled trials. Approved by the FDA, it first proved successful in the operating room and has advanced to becoming an effective procedure that may be carried out in the office setting under local anesthesia. With a low complication rate and lasting results, balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube has increased the quality of life of patients around the world. In this article we explore the work up of Eustachian tube dysfunction, treatment algorithms, procedural steps for balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube, expected outcomes, tips to avoid complications, anticipated recovery, as well as coding and reimbursement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.010
Shaina N. Reid PhD, David Myssiorek MD
This paper explores the growing adoption of in-office procedures within the field of otolaryngology, driven by advancements in technology, anesthesia, and surgical techniques. Office-based interventions are increasingly replacing traditional operating room procedures due to their numerous advantages, including enhanced patient convenience, reduced costs, and improved healthcare accessibility. Here, we examine the key benefits of in-office procedures such as lower out-of-pocket expenses, fewer administrative barriers, higher patient and physician satisfaction, and increased workflow efficiency. Comparative analyses demonstrate significant cost savings for both patients and healthcare systems, while maintaining high safety and satisfaction rates. However, several important considerations regarding the disadvantages of in-office procedures such as appropriate patient selection, adherence to safety standards, variability in insurance reimbursement, and limitations in office infrastructure, highlight the need for caution when performing otolaryngological procedures in these settings. In evaluating clinical, economic, and practical factors, this paper explores the paradigm shift toward patient-centered, cost-effective otolaryngologic care and emphasizes the importance of careful planning and hybrid care models to optimize outcomes across diverse patient populations.
{"title":"Otolaryngologic in-office procedures: Cost, convenience, and clinical caution","authors":"Shaina N. Reid PhD, David Myssiorek MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the growing adoption of in-office procedures within the field of otolaryngology, driven by advancements in technology, anesthesia, and surgical techniques. Office-based interventions are increasingly replacing traditional operating room procedures due to their numerous advantages, including enhanced patient convenience, reduced costs, and improved healthcare accessibility. Here, we examine the key benefits of in-office procedures such as lower out-of-pocket expenses, fewer administrative barriers, higher patient and physician satisfaction, and increased workflow efficiency. Comparative analyses demonstrate significant cost savings for both patients and healthcare systems, while maintaining high safety and satisfaction rates. However, several important considerations regarding the disadvantages of in-office procedures such as appropriate patient selection, adherence to safety standards, variability in insurance reimbursement, and limitations in office infrastructure, highlight the need for caution when performing otolaryngological procedures in these settings. In evaluating clinical, economic, and practical factors, this paper explores the paradigm shift toward patient-centered, cost-effective otolaryngologic care and emphasizes the importance of careful planning and hybrid care models to optimize outcomes across diverse patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 226-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.003
Mark J. Abrams MD
Migraines often present to otolaryngologists misdiagnosed because of their ability to mimic common sinus, balance, and ear conditions. Topical endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion and anterior ethmoidal nerve blocks using lidocaine and cotton have been valuable tools for management. The technique and an algorithm incorporating occipital nerve blocks will be discussed. The discussion will conclude with observations and pearls learned from utilizing the technique to help one obtain the best results in managing the most common migraine presentations. Endoscopic migraine blocks are a simple, low-risk, and expedient method to aid diagnosis and treatment in migraine patients, especially in diagnostically difficult cases.
{"title":"Endoscopic sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal nerve block: A useful technique for migraine management","authors":"Mark J. Abrams MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migraines often present to otolaryngologists misdiagnosed because of their ability to mimic common sinus, balance, and ear conditions. Topical endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion and anterior ethmoidal nerve blocks using lidocaine and cotton have been valuable tools for management. The technique and an algorithm incorporating occipital nerve blocks will be discussed. The discussion will conclude with observations and pearls learned from utilizing the technique to help one obtain the best results in managing the most common migraine presentations. Endoscopic migraine blocks are a simple, low-risk, and expedient method to aid diagnosis and treatment in migraine patients, especially in diagnostically difficult cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.012
Tiffany Heikel, David Goldenberg MD, FACS
Innovations in thyroid nodule evaluation and office-based interventions have significantly transformed patient care over the past several decades. This review provides an overview of advancements in managing indeterminate biopsies with molecular assays, indications for surgical intervention and emerging in-office ablative techniques. It includes a summary of percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation procedural techniques, risks and complications. Practitioners aiming to utilize these techniques must be trained in head and neck ultrasonography and hands-on procedural training. With advancing technology and research, these non-surgical modalities are increasingly being recognized as effective treatments for thyroid nodules.
{"title":"Office-based treatment of thyroid nodules","authors":"Tiffany Heikel, David Goldenberg MD, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innovations in thyroid nodule evaluation and office-based interventions have significantly transformed patient care over the past several decades. This review provides an overview of advancements in managing indeterminate biopsies with molecular assays, indications for surgical intervention and emerging in-office ablative techniques. It includes a summary of percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation procedural techniques, risks and complications. Practitioners aiming to utilize these techniques must be trained in head and neck ultrasonography and hands-on procedural training. With advancing technology and research, these non-surgical modalities are increasingly being recognized as effective treatments for thyroid nodules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.013
Benjamin C. Paul MD , Andrew T. Timberlake MD, PhD , Jessica Lattman MD
Awake upper blepharoplasty is a popular procedure for addressing cosmetic and functional concerns related to the upper eyelids and is commonly performed in an office setting under local anesthesia. When compared with full sedation in an operating room, the awake approach offers several advantages, including reduced cost, faster recovery, and the avoidance of risks associated with deeper levels of anesthesia. The pre-operative period focuses on patient selection, comprehensive evaluation, and detailed discussion of expectations. Proper candidacy is crucial for determining whether the procedure can be safely and effectively performed under local anesthesia. Key operative techniques include meticulous incision placement, precise management of excess fat, and careful suturing to ensure an optimal result. In addition to the primary surgical steps, post-operative care, including pain management and wound care instructions, plays a significant role in promoting healing and minimizing complications. This text will detail each of these components, providing an in-depth overview of the operative techniques for awake upper blepharoplasty, as well as associated risks, contraindications, and considerations for patient care.
{"title":"Awake upper blepharoplasty","authors":"Benjamin C. Paul MD , Andrew T. Timberlake MD, PhD , Jessica Lattman MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Awake upper blepharoplasty is a popular procedure for addressing cosmetic and functional concerns related to the upper eyelids and is commonly performed in an office setting under local anesthesia. When compared with full sedation in an operating room, the awake approach offers several advantages, including reduced cost, faster recovery, and the avoidance of risks associated with deeper levels of anesthesia. The pre-operative period focuses on patient selection, comprehensive evaluation, and detailed discussion of expectations. Proper candidacy is crucial for determining whether the procedure can be safely and effectively performed under local anesthesia. Key operative techniques include meticulous incision placement, precise management of excess fat, and careful suturing to ensure an optimal result. In addition to the primary surgical steps, post-operative care, including pain management and wound care instructions, plays a significant role in promoting healing and minimizing complications. This text will detail each of these components, providing an in-depth overview of the operative techniques for awake upper blepharoplasty, as well as associated risks, contraindications, and considerations for patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 242-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.009
Elizabeth Dutweiler MD , Mclean Davies MD , Bidyut K. Pramanik MD
Imaging plays a significant role in diagnosing, planning and guiding surgery. This article aims to cover essential imaging anatomy relevant for in office otolaryngology operative procedures involving the nasal cavity, external auditory canal and temporal bone/middle ear cavity, larynx, and thyroid gland, through a case based pictorial review. In this review, we discuss the expected imaging findings and features of various surgical procedures and their potential complications, including nasal valve suspension, myringotomy, tympanoplasty, vocal fold injection, tracheoesophageal puncture, and thyroid thermal ablation. The cases demonstrate example pathology, important anatomy for the ENT surgeon to consider pre-operatively, and possible post procedural complications to be aware of on follow up.
{"title":"Essential anatomy and radiological evaluation of operative procedures","authors":"Elizabeth Dutweiler MD , Mclean Davies MD , Bidyut K. Pramanik MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imaging plays a significant role in diagnosing, planning and guiding surgery. This article aims to cover essential imaging anatomy relevant for in office otolaryngology operative procedures involving the nasal cavity, external auditory canal and temporal bone/middle ear cavity, larynx, and thyroid gland, through a case based pictorial review. In this review, we discuss the expected imaging findings and features of various surgical procedures and their potential complications, including nasal valve suspension, myringotomy, tympanoplasty, vocal fold injection, tracheoesophageal puncture, and thyroid thermal ablation. The cases demonstrate example pathology, important anatomy for the ENT surgeon to consider pre-operatively, and possible post procedural complications to be aware of on follow up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 214-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.004
Nicolette Jabbour MD , Waleed Ezzat MD, FACS
Nasal valve collapse is a common cause of nasal obstruction that is often addressed through rhinoplasty techniques and cartilage grating. The authors present a suture suspension technique that can be performed under local. Our technique is effective and simple enough to be performed in the office and yields reliable results.
{"title":"Treatment of nasal valve collapse through suture-assisted nasal valve suspension","authors":"Nicolette Jabbour MD , Waleed Ezzat MD, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nasal valve collapse is a common cause of nasal obstruction that is often addressed through rhinoplasty techniques and cartilage grating. The authors present a suture suspension technique that can be performed under local. Our technique is effective and simple enough to be performed in the office and yields reliable results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 186-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2025.05.006
Roee Noy MD , Yotam Shkedy MD , Yona Vaisbuch MD
Ergonomic hazards are prevalent in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery, with nearly 80% of otolaryngologists reporting work-related musculoskeletal discomfort (WRMD). These issues arise due to the specialized equipment used in patient care, such as endoscopes, microscopes, and loupes, which require prolonged and varied postures that strain the body. WRMD, including pain, stiffness, and fatigue, can persist throughout an otolaryngologist's career, affecting performance, quality of life, and patient safety. A lack of ergonomic training contributes to the high prevalence of WRMD, which begins during early training and often persists without intervention. Several factors increase the risk of WRMD, including the surgical position (sitting vs standing), longer procedure times, and the use of endoscopic tools. Prevention measures like ergonomic education during medical training, adjustments to workstation setups, and targeted interventions using assessment tools such as RULA can help mitigate these risks. However, there is a need for comprehensive guidelines and research into effective remediation methods. Treatment strategies include improving ergonomic practices in the operating room, clinic, and wards, using adjustable equipment, and integrating micro-breaks. While some surgeons benefit from robotic-assisted surgeries, which reduce WRMD, these methods may introduce other ergonomic challenges. Additionally, alternative treatments such as acupuncture, massage, and physical therapy can help alleviate symptoms. Overall, addressing ergonomic hazards through early education, better equipment, and improved practices can reduce WRMD and improve both surgeon well-being and patient outcomes.
{"title":"Ergonomic injuries and their complications: prevention and treatment","authors":"Roee Noy MD , Yotam Shkedy MD , Yona Vaisbuch MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ergonomic hazards are prevalent in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery, with nearly 80% of otolaryngologists reporting work-related musculoskeletal discomfort (WRMD). These issues arise due to the specialized equipment used in patient care, such as endoscopes, microscopes, and loupes, which require prolonged and varied postures that strain the body. WRMD, including pain, stiffness, and fatigue, can persist throughout an otolaryngologist's career, affecting performance, quality of life, and patient safety. A lack of ergonomic training contributes to the high prevalence of WRMD, which begins during early training and often persists without intervention. Several factors increase the risk of WRMD, including the surgical position (sitting vs standing), longer procedure times, and the use of endoscopic tools. Prevention measures like ergonomic education during medical training, adjustments to workstation setups, and targeted interventions using assessment tools such as RULA can help mitigate these risks. However, there is a need for comprehensive guidelines and research into effective remediation methods. Treatment strategies include improving ergonomic practices in the operating room, clinic, and wards, using adjustable equipment, and integrating micro-breaks. While some surgeons benefit from robotic-assisted surgeries, which reduce WRMD, these methods may introduce other ergonomic challenges. Additionally, alternative treatments such as acupuncture, massage, and physical therapy can help alleviate symptoms. Overall, addressing ergonomic hazards through early education, better equipment, and improved practices can reduce WRMD and improve both surgeon well-being and patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"Pages 118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号