Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.010
Luis T. Ortiz-Figueroa MD, Yilmarie Mercado-Vargas MD, Thomas Zacharia MD
Imaging of neck and skull base has significantly improved the diagnosis and management of neck conditions. Prior to the use of CT, MRI, and PET imaging, the value of plain radiographs of the neck was limited. Today, modern imaging techniques are an essential adjunct to the physical examination of the neck, can confidently limit the differential, and in many clinical scenarios yield a specific diagnosis. In addition, the value of imaging cannot be understated in surgical planning and surveillance. This article will review the techniques used in neck lymph node imaging and cover several of the most common conditions that result in malignant lymphadenopathy in the neck.
{"title":"Radiology of malignant cervical adenopathy","authors":"Luis T. Ortiz-Figueroa MD, Yilmarie Mercado-Vargas MD, Thomas Zacharia MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imaging of neck and skull base has significantly improved the diagnosis and management of neck conditions. Prior to the use of CT, MRI, and PET imaging, the value of plain radiographs of the neck was limited. Today, modern imaging techniques are an essential adjunct to the physical examination of the neck, can confidently limit the differential, and in many clinical scenarios yield a specific diagnosis. In addition, the value of imaging cannot be understated in surgical planning and surveillance. This article will review the techniques used in neck lymph node imaging and cover several of the most common conditions that result in malignant lymphadenopathy in the neck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 304-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.013
Vivian Xu MD, Bryan Renslo MD, Elizabeth E. Cottrill MD
This article aims to describe the indications, pertinent anatomy, and surgical technique of the central neck dissection (CND) as it pertains to carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Further discussed are major complications of the procedure and factors considered in surgical decision making. Therapeutic CND is strongly recommended and widely performed in patients with clinically or radiographically evident nodal disease; however, elective/prophylactic CND requires an informed decision that should be based upon patient specific disease and risk factors. If able, CND should be performed concurrently at the time of thyroidectomy to minimize risk of injury to critical structures such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. When indicated, CND performed by a skilled surgeon reduces the risk of locoregional recurrence and is associated with low overall morbidity.
{"title":"Central neck dissection: updates on indications and surgical technique","authors":"Vivian Xu MD, Bryan Renslo MD, Elizabeth E. Cottrill MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article aims to describe the indications, pertinent anatomy, and surgical technique of the central neck dissection (CND) as it pertains to carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Further discussed are major complications of the procedure and factors considered in surgical decision making. Therapeutic CND is strongly recommended and widely performed in patients with clinically or radiographically evident nodal disease; however, elective/prophylactic CND requires an informed decision that should be based upon patient specific disease and risk factors. If able, CND should be performed concurrently at the time of thyroidectomy to minimize risk of injury to critical structures such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. When indicated, CND performed by a skilled surgeon reduces the risk of locoregional recurrence and is associated with low overall morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.019
Hari Jeyarajan MD, FRACS , Susan McCammon MD, PhD, FACS, FAAHPM
Neck dissections remain a crucial aspect of surgical oncological care of the head and neck cancer patient and remain associated with a range of functional consequences that profoundly affect patients’ quality of life. Understanding these functional consequences is essential as it allows clinicians to make informed decisions, counsel patients effectively, and develop strategies to optimize postoperative rehabilitation. This article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the functional consequences of neck dissections, drawing upon a wealth of research and clinical experience. We delve into the diverse aspects of this complex issue, examining the impact of neck dissections on patients’ daily lives, the factors influencing these consequences, and the evolving strategies to mitigate their effects. From considerations of lymphedema, shoulder mobility, and speech outcomes to the critical role of preoperative evaluation and postoperative rehabilitation, this article strives to shed light on a multifaceted subject of paramount importance in the realm of head and neck cancer care. We will aim to provide insights that guide clinical practice, stimulate further research, and ultimately enhance the overall well-being of patients undergoing these pivotal procedures.
{"title":"Functional complications of neck dissections","authors":"Hari Jeyarajan MD, FRACS , Susan McCammon MD, PhD, FACS, FAAHPM","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neck dissections remain a crucial aspect of surgical oncological care of the head and neck cancer patient and remain associated with a range of functional consequences that profoundly affect patients’ quality of life. Understanding these functional consequences is essential as it allows clinicians to make informed decisions, counsel patients effectively, and develop strategies to optimize postoperative rehabilitation. This article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the functional consequences of neck dissections, drawing upon a wealth of research and clinical experience. We delve into the diverse aspects of this complex issue, examining the impact of neck dissections on patients’ daily lives, the factors influencing these consequences, and the evolving strategies to mitigate their effects. From considerations of lymphedema, shoulder mobility, and speech outcomes to the critical role of preoperative evaluation and postoperative rehabilitation, this article strives to shed light on a multifaceted subject of paramount importance in the realm of head and neck cancer care. We will aim to provide insights that guide clinical practice, stimulate further research, and ultimately enhance the overall well-being of patients undergoing these pivotal procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 368-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.018
Jumin Sunde MD, Mauricio A. Moreno MD, Emre A. Vural MD
Salvage neck dissection describes removing cervical lymph nodes and disease following definitive radiation. Unique challenges include a fibrotic field with disease that is frequently more advanced than surgery in the primary setting. The surgical approach may vary depending on the extent of locoregional disease. Review of clinical data is necessary to design a surgical plan. Special considerations include having a reconstructive plan, if needed, for soft tissue reconstruction and great vessel coverage.
{"title":"Salvage neck dissection following definitive radiation","authors":"Jumin Sunde MD, Mauricio A. Moreno MD, Emre A. Vural MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salvage neck dissection describes removing cervical lymph nodes and disease following definitive radiation. Unique challenges include a fibrotic field with disease that is frequently more advanced than surgery in the primary setting. The surgical approach may vary depending on the extent of locoregional disease. Review of clinical data is necessary to design a surgical plan. Special considerations include having a reconstructive plan, if needed, for soft tissue reconstruction and great vessel coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 356-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) continues to evolve as a technique to detect occult metastases in early head and neck cancers. Patients without clinical evidence of neck metastasis have historically been treated with observation or elective neck dissection (END). However, for those patients with clinically negative necks who do not have occult metastases, performing an END results in overtreatment and increased morbidity. Therefore, SLNB has emerged as a way to evaluate for occult metastases to help guide further treatment and the need for a neck dissection. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of SLNB and the operative techniques involved in head and neck cancers.
{"title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy","authors":"Kimberly Chan MD , Larissa Sweeny MD , Karen Y. Choi MD, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) continues to evolve as a technique to detect occult metastases in early head and neck cancers. Patients without clinical evidence of neck metastasis have historically been treated with observation or elective neck dissection (END). However, for those patients with clinically negative necks who do not have occult metastases, performing an END results in overtreatment and increased morbidity. Therefore, SLNB has emerged as a way to evaluate for occult metastases to help guide further treatment and the need for a neck dissection. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of SLNB and the operative techniques involved in head and neck cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.009
Bao Y. Sciscent BS, Neerav Goyal MD, MPH, FACS, Ciaran Lane MD
Neck dissection is a common procedure performed to remove lymph nodes in the neck that may contain cancer based on patterns of cervical metastases. Since the establishment of the radical neck dissection by Crile et al. in the early 20th century, modifications to this technique have been made. An understanding of lymphatic drainage patterns in the head and neck allowed for more limited dissections with reduced morbidity. This review discusses the history of neck dissection levels to its current accepted classification by the American Head and Neck Society, the evolving types of neck dissections, and different incisions used to optimize resection and cosmetic outcomes.
{"title":"Levels of the neck and classification of neck dissection and incisions","authors":"Bao Y. Sciscent BS, Neerav Goyal MD, MPH, FACS, Ciaran Lane MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neck dissection is a common procedure performed to remove lymph nodes in the neck that may contain cancer based on patterns of cervical metastases. Since the establishment of the radical neck dissection by Crile et al. in the early 20th century, modifications to this technique have been made. An understanding of lymphatic drainage patterns in the head and neck allowed for more limited dissections with reduced morbidity. This review discusses the history of neck dissection levels to its current accepted classification by the American Head and Neck Society, the evolving types of neck dissections, and different incisions used to optimize resection and cosmetic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 297-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.012
William Reed MD, MPH, Luigi Volpini MD, Andrew Fuson MD, Carissa M. Thomas MD, PhD
The posterolateral neck dissection removes the occipital and retroauricular lymph nodes in addition to nodal groups 2 through 5. This procedure is performed for the removal of metastatic or at-risk lymph nodes in the posterolateral neck, which most commonly originate from the cutaneous surfaces of the scalp and neck posterior to a coronal plane connecting the external auditory canals. The major surgical consideration is the identification and preservation of the spinal accessory nerve.
{"title":"The posterolateral neck dissection: indications, planning, and techniques","authors":"William Reed MD, MPH, Luigi Volpini MD, Andrew Fuson MD, Carissa M. Thomas MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The posterolateral neck dissection removes the occipital and retroauricular lymph nodes in addition to nodal groups 2 through 5. This procedure is performed for the removal of metastatic or at-risk lymph nodes in the posterolateral neck, which most commonly originate from the cutaneous surfaces of the scalp and neck posterior to a coronal plane connecting the external auditory canals. The major surgical consideration is the identification and preservation of the spinal accessory nerve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 320-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2023.12.002
Shumon Ian Dhar MD, FACS, Anna Tomkies MD
Zenker's diverticulum is a pulsion-type pseudodiverticulum of the pharyngoesophageal segment. Endoscopic surgery is primarily directed at dividing the common wall between the esophagus and diverticulum. Rigid exposure with diverticuloscopes has allowed for common wall division with staplers, lasers, and advanced energy sealers, however, not all patients can be successfully treated with rigid instrumentation. As a result, flexible endoscopic surgery provides another option for patients. This technique employs various instrumentation through the working channel of a gastroscope to not only divide the common wall but seal the incision, which if done appropriately, results in a symptom resolution with complication rates comparable to rigid techniques. Flexible endoscopic surgery requires the surgeon to perform technically challenging submucosal dissection through a gastroscope as well as possess expertise with advanced energy delivery systems and instrumentation. However, with time, surgeons can build these skills to offer a breadth of surgical options tailored to the individual patient.
{"title":"Flexible Zenker's per-oral endoscopic myotomy","authors":"Shumon Ian Dhar MD, FACS, Anna Tomkies MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Zenker's diverticulum<span> is a pulsion-type pseudodiverticulum of the pharyngoesophageal segment. Endoscopic surgery<span> is primarily directed at dividing the common wall between the esophagus and diverticulum. Rigid exposure with diverticuloscopes has allowed for common wall division with staplers, lasers, and advanced energy sealers, however, not all patients can be successfully treated with rigid instrumentation. As a result, flexible endoscopic surgery provides another option for patients. This technique employs various instrumentation through the working channel of a gastroscope to not only divide the common wall but seal the </span></span></span>incision, which if done appropriately, results in a symptom resolution with complication rates comparable to rigid techniques. Flexible endoscopic surgery requires the surgeon to perform technically challenging submucosal dissection through a gastroscope as well as possess expertise with advanced energy delivery systems and instrumentation. However, with time, surgeons can build these skills to offer a breadth of surgical options tailored to the individual patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 3","pages":"Pages 213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.02.002
Sapideh Gilani MD, FACS , William Ragan MD
To determine the best architectural plan for the extracranial and otolaryngology operating room, we queried PubMed and the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, Art Full Text, and Art Index Retrospective. for the key words "architecture," "operating room," and "otolaryngology." No relevant articles were found between 1989 and 2023. We created schematic diagrams of operating rooms in which we have operated over our combined careers and present the safest and most efficient configuration of the extracranial and otolaryngology surgery operating room. The architecture and medical literature have no recommendations for design and architectural details relevant to the extracranial operating room. Our specialty may wish to be proactive about this area of importance to our specialty. The medical, art, architecture literature offers no guidance for the optimal design and architectural layout of the extracranial operating room. Details to consider in such planning include patient and staff safety, anticipated patient and staff movement, OR efficiency, equipment size, placement and movement, line, and cord placement, and finally supply access. The authors suggest a configuration for the design and architectural layout for the extracranial surgery operating room.
为了确定颅外和耳鼻喉科手术室的最佳建筑方案，我们以 "建筑"、"手术室 "和 "耳鼻喉科 "为关键词，检索了 PubMed 和 Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals、Art Full Text 和 Art Index Retrospective。没有发现 1989 年至 2023 年期间的相关文章。我们绘制了我们职业生涯中手术室的示意图，并提出了颅外和耳鼻喉科手术室最安全、最有效的配置。建筑和医学文献中没有与颅外手术室相关的设计和建筑细节建议。我们的专业不妨在这一对本专业至关重要的领域采取积极主动的态度。医学、艺术和建筑文献没有为颅外手术室的最佳设计和建筑布局提供指导。此类规划需要考虑的细节包括患者和医护人员的安全、预期患者和医护人员的移动、手术室的效率、设备的大小、放置和移动、管路和脐带的放置，以及最后的供应通道。作者对颅外手术手术室的设计和建筑布局提出了建议。
{"title":"Operating room architecture in otolaryngology and extracranial surgery: A review","authors":"Sapideh Gilani MD, FACS , William Ragan MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To determine the best architectural plan for the extracranial and otolaryngology operating room, we queried PubMed and the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, Art Full Text, and Art Index Retrospective. for the key words \"architecture,\" \"operating room,\" and \"otolaryngology.\" No relevant articles were found between 1989 and 2023. We created schematic diagrams of operating rooms in which we have operated over our combined careers and present the safest and most efficient configuration of the extracranial and otolaryngology surgery operating room. The architecture and medical literature have no recommendations for design and architectural details relevant to the extracranial operating room. Our specialty may wish to be proactive about this area of importance to our specialty. The medical, art, architecture literature offers no guidance for the optimal design and architectural layout of the extracranial operating room. Details to consider in such planning include patient and staff safety, anticipated patient and staff movement, OR efficiency, equipment size, placement and movement, line, and cord placement, and finally supply access. The authors suggest a configuration for the design and architectural layout for the extracranial surgery operating room.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 3","pages":"Pages 237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dislocation of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus is not an unusual complication of dental treatments like tooth extraction, root canal treatment, maxillary sinus surgery, or dental implant installation, whose related significant risk is the onset of pathologies involving the maxillary sinus or all the paranasal sinuses. Many previous techniques have been proposed, including intraoral and endoscopic approaches to sinus surgery. However, their recommendation varies depending on the local and systemic factors that affect patients.
This article describes the ``Bony Window Technique,'' which has been demonstrated as a mini-invasive approach to retrieve foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus to treat mild odontogenic sinusitis and systemic complications, even in different pathologic conditions of the maxillary sinus.
{"title":"The Bony Window Technique as a mini-invasive surgery to retrieve foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus: A technical note","authors":"Ettore Lupi MD, PhD , Giulia Ciciarelli DDS, PhD , Sara Bernardi DDS, PhD , Davide Gerardi DDS, PhD , Maurizio D'Amario DDS , Serena Bianchi MD, PhD , Filippo Giovannetti MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otot.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dislocation of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus is not an unusual complication of dental treatments like tooth extraction, root canal treatment, maxillary sinus surgery, or dental implant installation, whose related significant risk is the onset of pathologies involving the maxillary sinus or all the paranasal sinuses. Many previous techniques have been proposed, including intraoral and endoscopic approaches to sinus surgery. However, their recommendation varies depending on the local and systemic factors that affect patients.</div><div>This article describes the ``Bony Window Technique,'' which has been demonstrated as a mini-invasive approach to retrieve foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus to treat mild odontogenic sinusitis and systemic complications, even in different pathologic conditions of the maxillary sinus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"35 3","pages":"Pages 242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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