Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2023/21.1-2.428
V. Archana
The present study is the outcome of an in-depth fieldwork analysis with 1128 Urali tribal families in Erode district of Tamil Nadu. The selection of the study area was purposive and was based on the population of the Urali people, who are concentrated in the hilly terrain of these tribal districts, the selection of the sample units was done randomly. The study attempts to understand the outcome of development intervention practices and document the change in socio-economic frontiers accrued in favour of beneficiaries and the impact on their livelihoods, if any. This paper also attempts to explore if there is any association between educational status (those who are still studying/those who have discontinued) and level of education (primary/middle/ high/higher secondary/college). The data was analysed using multi-stage stratified random sampling via face-to-face interviews, phone calls, and structured questionnaires, as well as statistical techniques such as Chi-Square and Composite Index. The composite indices show that illiteracy, indebtedness, lack of awareness, poor infrastructure, poor health care, unemployment, unfriendly development policies, etc. pose major challenges to tribal development. The Land and Economic Index lends credence to claims that the Urali community with low landholdings suffers from the extortion of rich and influential settlers. The study concludes that to fully integrate the tribal group into the national mainstream, action must be taken not only to strengthen socioeconomic activities but also to address the enduring issues of poor literacy and high dropout rates.
{"title":"The Socio-economic Status of the Urali Tribal of Tamil Nadu in India Using Tribal Composite Index","authors":"V. Archana","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2023/21.1-2.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2023/21.1-2.428","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is the outcome of an in-depth fieldwork analysis with 1128 Urali tribal families in Erode district of Tamil Nadu. The selection of the study area was purposive and was based on the population of the Urali people, who are concentrated in the hilly terrain of these tribal districts, the selection of the sample units was done randomly. The study attempts to understand the outcome of development intervention practices and document the change in socio-economic frontiers accrued in favour of beneficiaries and the impact on their livelihoods, if any. This paper also attempts to explore if there is any association between educational status (those who are still studying/those who have discontinued) and level of education (primary/middle/ high/higher secondary/college). The data was analysed using multi-stage stratified random sampling via face-to-face interviews, phone calls, and structured questionnaires, as well as statistical techniques such as Chi-Square and Composite Index. The composite indices show that illiteracy, indebtedness, lack of awareness, poor infrastructure, poor health care, unemployment, unfriendly development policies, etc. pose major challenges to tribal development. The Land and Economic Index lends credence to claims that the Urali community with low landholdings suffers from the extortion of rich and influential settlers. The study concludes that to fully integrate the tribal group into the national mainstream, action must be taken not only to strengthen socioeconomic activities but also to address the enduring issues of poor literacy and high dropout rates.","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131573425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.427
.H.aoginlen Chongloi
The Kukis practise the traditional institution called Chieftainship, which i~ stil.l in exis~ence today. Every village is governed under such an institution headed by a chief called Haosa. The chief along wtth hts counctl~en, ~ho are elected. on ter'ilire basis, works for the welfare of the villagers. In return the villagers have the obligation of pay~ng tnbu~es to t~e ~ht~f, which is purely voluntary in nature. However, there are continuing debates among the you.nge.r ge~era~10n over tts cont.mUity m the advent of democracy. This paper will discuss the different schools of thought on KuiG chteftamshJp and thereafte1 suggest what possibly could be the most appropriate approach to the debate on Kuki Chieftainship.
{"title":"The Three Schools of Thought on l{uki Chieftainship: A l.,heoretical Approach","authors":".H.aoginlen Chongloi","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.427","url":null,"abstract":"The Kukis practise the traditional institution called Chieftainship, which i~ stil.l in exis~ence today. Every village is governed under such an institution headed by a chief called Haosa. The chief along wtth hts counctl~en, ~ho are elected. on ter'ilire basis, works for the welfare of the villagers. In return the villagers have the obligation of pay~ng tnbu~es to t~e ~ht~f, which is purely voluntary in nature. However, there are continuing debates among the you.nge.r ge~era~10n over tts cont.mUity m the advent of democracy. This paper will discuss the different schools of thought on KuiG chteftamshJp and thereafte1 suggest what possibly could be the most appropriate approach to the debate on Kuki Chieftainship.","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115926731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.426
Williams Ehizuwa Orukpe
This study re-examines the origin of the Esan tribe and tribal. It was informed by the observed problem of submersion preponderant in Edoid ethnographic studies. The mono-causal Benin hypothesis of Esan origin propagated in leading ethnographies on the Edo speaking peoples is ahistorical. It traced Esan tribal origin to the 15th century. Using the historical research methodology and the case study research design, this study debunked the “Esan fua” and other Benincentric traditions of Esan origin as distortions. The study explored linguistic and archaeological evidence to demonstrate that Esan autochthonous origin predates 1400 C.E. Linguistic study shows that the Esan language was arguably separated from the Kwa language group of the Western Sudanic language before Bini. The archaeological study of Esan moats proved that they were constructed by Esan people long before the 15th century. It concludes that tribal protectionism is critical to preserving mini tribes in Nigeria, and curbing ethnographical distortions.
{"title":"Esanland, Edo State, Nigeria: An Ethnographic Study of the Origin of the Tribe and Tribal","authors":"Williams Ehizuwa Orukpe","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.426","url":null,"abstract":"This study re-examines the origin of the Esan tribe and tribal. It was informed by the observed problem of submersion preponderant in Edoid ethnographic studies. The mono-causal Benin hypothesis of Esan origin propagated in leading ethnographies on the Edo speaking peoples is ahistorical. It traced Esan tribal origin to the 15th century. Using the historical research methodology and the case study research design, this study debunked the “Esan fua” and other Benincentric traditions of Esan origin as distortions. The study explored linguistic and archaeological evidence to demonstrate that Esan autochthonous origin predates 1400 C.E. Linguistic study shows that the Esan language was arguably separated from the Kwa language group of the Western Sudanic language before Bini. The archaeological study of Esan moats proved that they were constructed by Esan people long before the 15th century. It concludes that tribal protectionism is critical to preserving mini tribes in Nigeria, and curbing ethnographical distortions.","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129888655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.425
F. Mollick
The essential criteria that differentiate tribal society from other societies are the distinctiveness of the tribal culture itself. It gives them the status of being a tribe. The uniqueness of tribal culture results from living isolated within hills and forest areas. One of the crucial characteristics adopted for identifying a group as a tribe is their close association with nature. It is due to their culture, which contributes more to managing their habitat and helps in developing a harmonious relationship with nature through their belief system. It is well known that living close to nature makes life more sustainable. This way of life gives rise to such knowledge types called folk knowledge. It includes a knowledge system related to forest produce collection, hunting, animal husbandry, agriculture, craft, and medicinal use of flora and fauna. This paper highlights how tribes use their folk knowledge in managing and sustainably conserving natural resources.
{"title":"Folk Knowledge, Sustainable Development and Tribal Culture: An Anthropological Perspective","authors":"F. Mollick","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2021-22/20.1-2.425","url":null,"abstract":"The essential criteria that differentiate tribal society from other societies are the distinctiveness of the tribal culture itself. It gives them the status of being a tribe. The uniqueness of tribal culture results from living isolated within hills and forest areas. One of the crucial characteristics adopted for identifying a group as a tribe is their close association with nature. It is due to their culture, which contributes more to managing their habitat and helps in developing a harmonious relationship with nature through their belief system. It is well known that living close to nature makes life more sustainable. This way of life gives rise to such knowledge types called folk knowledge. It includes a knowledge system related to forest produce collection, hunting, animal husbandry, agriculture, craft, and medicinal use of flora and fauna. This paper highlights how tribes use their folk knowledge in managing and sustainably conserving natural resources.","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2020/18.1-2.434
D. O. Torimiro
ABSTRACT This paper analyses Yoruba farm youths’ perceptions of conflict arising from Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities in three of the six southwestern Nigerian states. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 360 respondents using a pretested and validated structured interview schedule to elicit information. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to validate the hypotheses of the study. The study revealed a high (98.0%) occurrence of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities with grazing on crops (mean =4.74) ranked 1st among surveyed occurrences. Overall, the farm youth negatively perceived the grazing activities of Fulani herders. At p d” 0.01 and 0.05, age (r = 0.28), number of children (r = 0.303) and farm experience (r = 0.478) show positive and significant correlations with youth’s perceptions of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities, while at p d” 0.05, household size (r = -1.18), farm size (r = - 0.126) and income (r = -0.103) had a negative but significant correlation with the youths’ perceptions. In conclusion, the Yoruba farm youth had negative perceptions about Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities. It is recommended that the government needs to enact relevant legislations to guide the grazing of cattle and establish functional grazing reserves to enhance meeting herders’ needs and alleviating conflict situations between farmers and the herders.
{"title":"Fulani Herdsmen and Grazing Activities in Southwestern Nigeria: Yoruba Farm Youths’ Perception Analysis","authors":"D. O. Torimiro","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2020/18.1-2.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2020/18.1-2.434","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses Yoruba farm youths’ perceptions of conflict arising from Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities in three of the six southwestern Nigerian states. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 360 respondents using a pretested and validated structured interview schedule to elicit information. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to validate the hypotheses of the study. The study revealed a high (98.0%) occurrence of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities with grazing on crops (mean =4.74) ranked 1st among surveyed occurrences. Overall, the farm youth negatively perceived the grazing activities of Fulani herders. At p d” 0.01 and 0.05, age (r = 0.28), number of children (r = 0.303) and farm experience (r = 0.478) show positive and significant correlations with youth’s perceptions of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities, while at p d” 0.05, household size (r = -1.18), farm size (r = - 0.126) and income (r = -0.103) had a negative but significant correlation with the youths’ perceptions. In conclusion, the Yoruba farm youth had negative perceptions about Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities. It is recommended that the government needs to enact relevant legislations to guide the grazing of cattle and establish functional grazing reserves to enhance meeting herders’ needs and alleviating conflict situations between farmers and the herders.","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127453321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-02DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.423
A. Goswami
{"title":"Study on the Effect of Socio-Demographic Parameters on Disease Prevalence Among Tribal Communities in West Bengal, India","authors":"A. Goswami","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124706070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-02DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.419
Nanigopal Kapasia
{"title":"Working Conditions of Women Workers in the Unorganised Sector: A Case Study of Stone Crushers of Lower Balason in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal","authors":"Nanigopal Kapasia","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-08DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.422
Nabanita Sharma
{"title":"Trade in the Pre-Colonial Ahom Agrarian Economy","authors":"Nabanita Sharma","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-08DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.417
Ananya Jyoti Gogoi
{"title":"Obesity and Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study among the Adult Individuals of Sonowal Kachari Tribe of Hatimora Village, Assam, India","authors":"Ananya Jyoti Gogoi","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2019/17.1-2.417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123060542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566799.2019/17-1-2.413
{"title":"Health Seeking Behaviour among Tribes of India","authors":"","doi":"10.31901/24566799.2019/17-1-2.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2019/17-1-2.413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398563,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128699733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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