Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0039-2
A. Crampin, N. Kayuni, A. Amberbir, C. Musicha, O. Koole, Terence Tafatatha, K. Branson, Jacqueline Saul, Elenaus Mwaiyeghele, Lawrence Nkhwazi, A. Phiri, A. Price, B. Mwagomba, C. Mwansambo, S. Jaffar, M. Nyirenda
{"title":"Hypertension and diabetes in Africa: design and implementation of a large population-based study of burden and risk factors in rural and urban Malawi","authors":"A. Crampin, N. Kayuni, A. Amberbir, C. Musicha, O. Koole, Terence Tafatatha, K. Branson, Jacqueline Saul, Elenaus Mwaiyeghele, Lawrence Nkhwazi, A. Phiri, A. Price, B. Mwagomba, C. Mwansambo, S. Jaffar, M. Nyirenda","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0039-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0039-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0039-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-11DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0044-5
L. Dugas, Miles Fuller, J. Gilbert, B. Layden
{"title":"The obese gut microbiome across the epidemiologic transition","authors":"L. Dugas, Miles Fuller, J. Gilbert, B. Layden","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0044-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0044-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0044-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-07DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0038-3
Laura M. Grajeda, A. Ivanescu, M. Saito, C. Crainiceanu, D. Jaganath, R. Gilman, J. Crabtree, D. Kelleher, L. Cabrera, V. Cama, W. Checkley
{"title":"Modelling subject-specific childhood growth using linear mixed-effect models with cubic regression splines","authors":"Laura M. Grajeda, A. Ivanescu, M. Saito, C. Crainiceanu, D. Jaganath, R. Gilman, J. Crabtree, D. Kelleher, L. Cabrera, V. Cama, W. Checkley","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0038-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0038-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0038-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-23DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0041-8
Marco J. Haenssgen
{"title":"Satellite-aided survey sampling and implementation in low- and middle-income contexts: a low-cost/low-tech alternative","authors":"Marco J. Haenssgen","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0041-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0041-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0041-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-22DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0042-7
S. Grabich, W. Robinson, S. Engel, C. Konrad, D. Richardson, J. Horney
{"title":"County-level hurricane exposure and birth rates: application of difference-in-differences analysis for confounding control","authors":"S. Grabich, W. Robinson, S. Engel, C. Konrad, D. Richardson, J. Horney","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0042-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0042-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0042-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0040-9
J. Somers, S. Rezansoff, A. Moniruzzaman, Carmen L Zabarauckas
{"title":"High-frequency use of corrections, health, and social services, and association with mental illness and substance use","authors":"J. Somers, S. Rezansoff, A. Moniruzzaman, Carmen L Zabarauckas","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0040-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0040-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0040-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0043-6
M. Hurley
{"title":"A reference relative time-scale as an alternative to chronological age for cohorts with long follow-up","authors":"M. Hurley","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0043-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0043-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0043-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-11DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0033-8
J. Mendelsohn, L. Calzavara, L. Light, A. Burchell, Jinma Ren, L. Kang
{"title":"Design and implementation of a sexual health intervention for migrant construction workers situated in Shanghai, China","authors":"J. Mendelsohn, L. Calzavara, L. Light, A. Burchell, Jinma Ren, L. Kang","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0033-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0033-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0033-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65723153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01eCollection Date: 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0036-5
Stefan Vilges de Oliveira, Lidsy Ximenes Fonseca, Keline Medeiros de Araújo Vilges, Fernanda Voietta Pinna Maniglia, Simone Valéria Costa Pereira, Eduardo Pacheco de Caldas, Pedro Luiz Tauil, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
Background: Hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonosis transmitted by wild rodents. In Brazil, high case-fatality rates among humans infected with hantavirus are of serious concern to public health authorities. Appropriate preventive measures partly depend on reliable knowledge about the geographical distribution of this disease.
Methods: Incidence of hantavirus infections in Brazil (1993-2013) was analyzed. Epidemiological, socioeconomic, and demographic indicators were also used to classify cities' vulnerability to disease by means of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).
Results: From 1993 to 2013, 1752 cases of hantavirus were registered in 16 Brazilian states. The highest incidence of hantavirus was observed in the states of Mato Grosso (0.57/100,000) and Santa Catarina (0.13/100,000). Based on MCDA analysis, municipalities in the southern, southeastern, and midwestern regions of Brazil can be classified as highly vulnerable. Most municipalities in northern and northeastern Brazil were classified as having low vulnerability to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.
Conclusions: Although most human infections by hantavirus registered in Brazil occurred in the southern region of the country, a greater vulnerability to hantavirus was found in the Brazilian Midwest. This result reflects the need to strengthen surveillance where the disease has thus far gone unreported.
{"title":"Vulnerability of Brazilian municipalities to hantavirus infections based on multi-criteria decision analysis.","authors":"Stefan Vilges de Oliveira, Lidsy Ximenes Fonseca, Keline Medeiros de Araújo Vilges, Fernanda Voietta Pinna Maniglia, Simone Valéria Costa Pereira, Eduardo Pacheco de Caldas, Pedro Luiz Tauil, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0036-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0036-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonosis transmitted by wild rodents. In Brazil, high case-fatality rates among humans infected with hantavirus are of serious concern to public health authorities. Appropriate preventive measures partly depend on reliable knowledge about the geographical distribution of this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Incidence of hantavirus infections in Brazil (1993-2013) was analyzed. Epidemiological, socioeconomic, and demographic indicators were also used to classify cities' vulnerability to disease by means of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1993 to 2013, 1752 cases of hantavirus were registered in 16 Brazilian states. The highest incidence of hantavirus was observed in the states of Mato Grosso (0.57/100,000) and Santa Catarina (0.13/100,000). Based on MCDA analysis, municipalities in the southern, southeastern, and midwestern regions of Brazil can be classified as highly vulnerable. Most municipalities in northern and northeastern Brazil were classified as having low vulnerability to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most human infections by hantavirus registered in Brazil occurred in the southern region of the country, a greater vulnerability to hantavirus was found in the Brazilian Midwest. This result reflects the need to strengthen surveillance where the disease has thus far gone unreported.</p>","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0036-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34226508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-30eCollection Date: 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0037-4
Kristen M Fedak, Autumn Bernal, Zachary A Capshaw, Sherilyn Gross
In 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill published nine "viewpoints" to help determine if observed epidemiologic associations are causal. Since then, the "Bradford Hill Criteria" have become the most frequently cited framework for causal inference in epidemiologic studies. However, when Hill published his causal guidelines-just 12 years after the double-helix model for DNA was first suggested and 25 years before the Human Genome Project began-disease causation was understood on a more elementary level than it is today. Advancements in genetics, molecular biology, toxicology, exposure science, and statistics have increased our analytical capabilities for exploring potential cause-and-effect relationships, and have resulted in a greater understanding of the complexity behind human disease onset and progression. These additional tools for causal inference necessitate a re-evaluation of how each Bradford Hill criterion should be interpreted when considering a variety of data types beyond classic epidemiology studies. Herein, we explore the implications of data integration on the interpretation and application of the criteria. Using examples of recently discovered exposure-response associations in human disease, we discuss novel ways by which researchers can apply and interpret the Bradford Hill criteria when considering data gathered using modern molecular techniques, such as epigenetics, biomarkers, mechanistic toxicology, and genotoxicology.
{"title":"Applying the Bradford Hill criteria in the 21st century: how data integration has changed causal inference in molecular epidemiology.","authors":"Kristen M Fedak, Autumn Bernal, Zachary A Capshaw, Sherilyn Gross","doi":"10.1186/s12982-015-0037-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-015-0037-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill published nine \"viewpoints\" to help determine if observed epidemiologic associations are causal. Since then, the \"Bradford Hill Criteria\" have become the most frequently cited framework for causal inference in epidemiologic studies. However, when Hill published his causal guidelines-just 12 years after the double-helix model for DNA was first suggested and 25 years before the Human Genome Project began-disease causation was understood on a more elementary level than it is today. Advancements in genetics, molecular biology, toxicology, exposure science, and statistics have increased our analytical capabilities for exploring potential cause-and-effect relationships, and have resulted in a greater understanding of the complexity behind human disease onset and progression. These additional tools for causal inference necessitate a re-evaluation of how each Bradford Hill criterion should be interpreted when considering a variety of data types beyond classic epidemiology studies. Herein, we explore the implications of data integration on the interpretation and application of the criteria. Using examples of recently discovered exposure-response associations in human disease, we discuss novel ways by which researchers can apply and interpret the Bradford Hill criteria when considering data gathered using modern molecular techniques, such as epigenetics, biomarkers, mechanistic toxicology, and genotoxicology. </p>","PeriodicalId":39896,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Themes in Epidemiology","volume":"12 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12982-015-0037-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34049887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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