Philosophy of Science eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Analysis on the Role of New Media (Internet, Mobile Phone) Emergence Among HIV Victims of Vindhya Region.","authors":"H. K. Verma, Devendra G Pandey","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1194806.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1194806.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper underlines role of new media emergence in spreading HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Today humans are surrounded with several health problems or diseases in their surrounding environment, among them HIV infection is a big challenge in present era. India has the world's third-largest population suffering from HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Field survey was conducted with the help of formally designed questionnaire. Sample size taken for the survey was 60 (30 rural and 30 urban) were chosen randomly from the Rewa and Mauganj of Rewa district of Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"14 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125579778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annals of the 'Constantin Brâncuşi' University of Targu Jiu: Letters and Social Sciences Series No. 4/2013 (Analele Universitatii Constantin Brancusi Din Targu-Jiu: Seria Litere Si Stiinte Sociale, Nr. 4/2013)","authors":"G. Niculescu, D. Tătaru, Sorin Purec, A. Boncea, Dobritoiu Elena Roxana, Merima Carmen Petrovici, Elena-Giorgiana Simionescu, L. Trocan, Rodica Peptan, Minodora Otilia Simion, O. Cilibiu, M. Curelar, Adina Paicu, Ana-Maria Dudau, Dumitru-Cătălin Rogojanu, Alina Popa, F. Mărcău, Hadrian Gorun","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2486601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2486601","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: In this issue are included scientific articles who debate problems from social science fields: Romanian economy, separation of powers, human rights, Romanian Revolution of 1989, the right to private life. \"Constantin Brancusi\" University Annals from Targu Jiu, Letters and Social Sciences Series is published by \"Academica Brâncusi\" Press of \"Constantin Brancusi\" University from Targu-Jiu, a state university, institutionally certified. The journal includes articles from the historical, social, philosophical field, with the following objectives: encouraging research in education, enlarging the horizon of knowledge in the field of letters and social sciences. The journals aims to: answer through its activity of the birth of a coherent and efficient network of broadcasting information in the field of letters and social sciences; identify the scientific and research potential of the University in the field of letters and social sciences; draw prestigious collaborators from the country or from abroad that could make a contribution to the development of scientific research; encourage research in education; assert national and international identity, scientific research developed by the professors of the Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences, at \"Constantin Brancusi\" University from Târgu-Jiu. Romanian Abstract: In acest numar sunt incluse articole stiintifice care dezbat probleme din domeniul stiintelor sociale: economia Romaniei, separatia puterilor in stat, drepturile omului, revolutia romana din 1989, dreptul la viata privata. Revista \"Analele Universităţii \"Constantin Brâncusi\" din Târgu-Jiu, Seria Ştiinţe Litere si Ştiinţe Sociale\" este publicată de către Editura \"Academica Brâncusi\" a Universităţii \"Constantin Brâncusi\" din Târgu-Jiu, universitate de stat, acreditată instituţional. Revista găzduieste articole din domeniul istoric, social, filosofic, având drept obiective: incurajarea cercetării in invăţământ, lărgirea orizontului cunoasterii in domeniile litere si stiinţe sociale. Revista isi propune: -- să răspundă prin activitatea sa de nasterea unei reţele coerente si eficiente de transmitere a informaţiei in domeniul litere si stiinţe sociale. -- identificarea potenţialului stiinţific si de cercetare din Universitate, in domeniul litere si stiinţe sociale; -- atragerea de colaboratori de prestigiu din ţară si din străinătate care pot contribui la dezvoltarea cercetării stiinţifice; -- incurajarea cercetării in invăţământ; -- afirmarea identităţii naţionale si internaţionale, a cercetării stiinţifice efectuate de cadrele didactice din cadrul Facultăţii de Litere si Ştiinţe Sociale, Universitatea \"Constantin Brâncusi\" din Târgu-Jiu.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"849 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116829068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflexive Methodological Pluralism: The Case of Environmental Valuation.","authors":"F. Popa, Mathieu Guillermin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2435164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2435164","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that methodological pluralism (MP) can benefit from a deeper and more systematic integration of reflexive processes. In particular, reflexivity can facilitate meaningful and problem-specific ways of combining methods across different disciplinary fields, types of expertise, and practices. To develop our argument, we distinguish between two dimensions of reflexivity: critical (questioning of values, assumptions, and sociopolitical context underlying research methodology) and transformative (investigating pathways for change by mobilizing social experimentation and learning). We discuss two cases of research on environmental valuation that mobilizes reflexivity. We conclude by emphasizing the specific role of critical and transformative reflexivity in guiding methodological choices.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115526752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Meaning of 'Deceive' in Experimental Economic Science","authors":"B. Wilson","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199766635.013.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199766635.013.013","url":null,"abstract":"Deceiving someone in our everyday lives is a moral failing, one that we are adept at detecting and quick to judge in the words and actions of others. In our professional lives as economic scientists we are also quick to judge experimental procedures as deceptive, but we have problems articulating what that means. Rather than classifying experimental procedural details as deception or not based upon what experimenters and participants may or may not know about the experiment and each other, I propose a general rule for adjudging the actions of experimenters as deceptive: Did the experimenters mislead the participants by false appearance or statement? If the answer is yes, then the experimenters have deceived the participants.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114754686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reductionism in Economics: Causality and Intentionality in the Microfoundations of Macroeconomics","authors":"K. Hoover","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2398476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2398476","url":null,"abstract":"In many sciences – physical, but also biology, neuroscience, and other life sciences – one object of reductionism is to purge intentionality from the fundamental basis of both explanations and the explanatory target. The scientifically relevant level – ontologically and epistemologically – is thought to lie deeper than the level of ordinary human interactions. In the material and living world, the more familiar is the less fundamental. In contrast, the economic world of day-to-day life – the world of market interactions – appears to be the relevant level. Macroeconomics is thought to provide an account that is above, not below or behind, ordinary economic decisionmaking. An advantage of a macroeconomic account is that it is possible to employ causal analysis of the economy as a whole analogous to the causal analysis of physical systems. The fear of many economists is that such analyses are untethered to ordinary economic decisionmaking. The object of reductionism in economics – the so-called microfoundations of macroeconomics – is adequately to ground or replace higher level causal analysis with an analysis of the day-to-day interactions of people. The object is not to purge intentionality, but to reclaim it. The paper will attempt to understand the key issues surrounding the microfoundations of macroeconomics from a perspectival realist perspective that elucidates the relationship between economists’ methodological preference for microfoundations and need for macroeconomic analysis – that is, between economists’ respect for the intentional nature of economic life and the need for a causal analysis of the economy. The paper favors metaphysical humility and methodological pragmatism.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131279321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Theory","authors":"C. List, L. Valentini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2376325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2376325","url":null,"abstract":"Political theory, sometimes also called “normative political theory�?, is a subfield of the disciplines of philosophy and political science that addresses conceptual, normative, and evaluative questions concerning politics and society, broadly construed. Examples are: When is a society just? What does it mean for its members to be free? When is one distribution of goods socially preferable to another? What makes a political authority legitimate? How should we trade off different values, such as liberty, prosperity, and security, against one another? What do we owe, not just to our fellow citizens, but to people in the world at large? In this article, we review the methodology of a core branch of contemporary political theory: the one commonly described as “analytic�? political theory. In Section 1, we briefly demarcate the scope of political theory. In Section 2, we comment on the analysis of political concepts. In Section 3, we introduce the notions of principles and theories, as distinct from concepts. In Section 4, we discuss the methods of assessing such principles and theories, for the purpose of justifying or criticizing them. In Section 5, we review a recent debate on how abstract and idealized political theory should be. In Section 6, finally, we discuss the significance of disagreement in political theory. Although we cover established ground, we do so from an angle that will be somewhat unfamiliar to at least some political theorists – namely an angle inspired by the philosophy of science. We have chosen this angle with a view to systematizing the activity of analytic political theorizing so as to make its connections with other fields of philosophy and positive science more transparent.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127412604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"You Are Who Your Friends Are: An Experiment on Trust and Homophily in Friendship Networks","authors":"Fabian Winter, M. Kataria","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2347536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2347536","url":null,"abstract":"We study the existence of homophily (i.e. the tendency for people to make friends with people who are similar to themselves) with respect to trustworthiness. We ask whether two friends show similarly trustworthy behavior towards strangers, and whether this is anticipated by outsiders. We develop a simple model of bayesian learning in trust games and test the derived hypotheses in a controlled laboratory environment. In the experiment, two trustees sequentially play a trust game with the same trustor, where the trustees depending on treatmen are either friends or strangers to each other. We affirm the existence of homophily with re- spect to trustworthiness. Trustors' beliefs about the trustees' trustfulness are not affected by the knowledge about the (non-)existent friendship between the trustees. Behaviorally, however, they indirectly reciprocate the (un-)trustworthy behavior of one trustee towards his/her friends in later interactions.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122437694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homo Socialis: An Analytical Core for Sociological Theory","authors":"H. Gintis, D. Helbing","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2362262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2362262","url":null,"abstract":"We develop an analytical core for sociology. We follow standard dynamical systems theory by first specifying the conditions for social equilibrium, and then studying the dynamical principles that govern disequilibrium behavior. Our general social equilibrium model is an expansion of the general equilibrium model of economic theory, and our dynamical principles treat the society as a complex adaptive system that can be studied using evolutionary game theory and agent-based Markov models based on variants of the replicator dynamic.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132036455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cybernetics of the Operative Actions: An Idea from Practice (Does Science-Praxis Relation Matter on Systemic Thinking within the Operative Actions?)","authors":"N. Bulz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2326755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2326755","url":null,"abstract":"This study is dedicated to two prominent personalities: Jan Christiaan Smuts (May 24, 1870-September 11, 1950) and Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (September 19, 1901-June 12, 1972), and to their research and foundation of “Holism,” and “General System Theory.”The study is intended to directly respond to the open theme of this year’s UK Systems Society - International Conference 2013 (September 9-11, 2013, St. Anne College, Oxford, UK): Systems & Society: Ideas from Practice - and, also, tends to be a part of the multi-logue, maybe, proper to the set of communications/posters which would be presented on the Conference period. The organizers’ first part of this possible multi-logue is comprised by the evoked “one example...covered in the Press, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 had far reaching consequences, causing extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats, to the Gulf's fishing and tourism industries” - as to be comprised as an operative problem - demanding operative actions.At least to this “one example“ for this International Conference 2013, this poster addresses the presentation of an systemic approach entitled as: “Operative Actions.” This type of systemic action delimitates the contextual resources (R), criteria (C), types of actions/reactions (-->) and (desired versus obtained) objectives(O); i.e. R--C-->O - as an existential-(hypothetical)represented relation. All of these conceptual entities (reflecting the both non-observable and observable entities) are to be (operatively) represented alongside the case that an Operative Problem is constituted. So, an Operative Problem, if it is constituted and identified, than an Operative Action (one at least) is Structural and Functional Required within that system [i.e. the system that contents that constituted problem - and, as soon as possible, that there are represented “the parts” of the problem/also according to R--C-->O – as a representational relation]. All of these conceptual entities (R; C; O; -->) have not a “large” amount of material and ideal elements. One of the most constrained resources being a temporal resource: Admissable Time for Reaction (reaction to the constituted and identified Operative Problem).The entire Operative System which is able to act/react operatively is either “before” constituted, or “alongside” constituted to an identified Operative Problem. Within this Operative System - as a Human-Machine-System - the representation, the decision(s) making, the action/reaction - and its step by step recurrence, the revised functionality/ and structure/of the entire system fronted with an Operative Problem (persistent or not) have/may have operative features. The representation (the initial and the step by step adapted model) would be based on probability/statistic, fuzzy and subtle knowledge/information.Example of Operative Systems may be given within the following domains: military, health emergence, economic and political/social alerts/incidents/acc","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128250772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Issues of Methodological Pluralism in Marketing Science: The Case of Development Non-Profit Marketing Concept","authors":"Edouard Novatorov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2279799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2279799","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses and suggests alternative methodological paradigms to approach the problem “marketing to nonmarketers.” First, the paper describes the issue of “marketing to nonmarketers” and proposes the purpose of this article. Then it presents methodological issues in management science and describes four major research paradigms: the logico-positivist/empiricist paradigm, constructivism, critical theory, and the pluralist paradigm. Finally it concludes that pluralist approach will benefit and enrich both the management science and non-profit field. Using as a case methodological development of nonprofit marketing concept and followed controversy over “marketing to nonmarketers” controversy paper traces evolution of the issue in context of research methodology. Paper concludes that traditional approach it based on logico-positivist paradigm. Article suggests adaptation of alternative methodological approaches and research paradigms to approach the problem “marketing to nonmarketers”.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131218928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}