Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149634
W. Rusch, Y. Rahmat-Samii, R. Shore
A. Introduction. Increasing interest is being shown in both ground-based and satellite-borne dual offset reflector systems for telecomnunication applications. A particular class of these antennas is "optimized" with respect to reduction of cross polorization by tilting the subreflector axis and cocking the boresight axis of the feed. This paper defines the parameters of an equivalent paraboloid construction for this antenna and investigates its accuracy in calculating the directivity pattern.
{"title":"The equivalent paraboloid of an optimized off-set cassegrain antenna","authors":"W. Rusch, Y. Rahmat-Samii, R. Shore","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149634","url":null,"abstract":"A. Introduction. Increasing interest is being shown in both ground-based and satellite-borne dual offset reflector systems for telecomnunication applications. A particular class of these antennas is \"optimized\" with respect to reduction of cross polorization by tilting the subreflector axis and cocking the boresight axis of the feed. This paper defines the parameters of an equivalent paraboloid construction for this antenna and investigates its accuracy in calculating the directivity pattern.","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114735720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149771
C. Rappaport
{"title":"High resolution thinned array synthesis based on an optimized mapping function","authors":"C. Rappaport","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127925359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149661
M. Sanad, L. Shafai
In recent years, a variety of techniques have been proposed to analyze the reflector antennas. Among these techniques, the aperture field integration and the physical optics current methods have been used extensively and attempts are made to determine the range of their validity and computation accuracy. For instance, Yaghjian [l] has shown that the far fields of reflector antennas determined by the physical optics currents are identical to those of the geometrical optics aperture integration method, when the aperture surface caps the reflector. The physical optics method involves complicated current integrations over the reflector surface and it is, generally, easier to use the aperture integration approach. However, if the aperture plane caps the reflector, the feed lies outside the region between the reflector and the aperture plane. Thus, in determining the reflector far field, the feed radiation pattern can not be used in the aperture field calculations. Yaghjian has suggested that the incident field of the feed may be neglected, which limits the validity and the accuracy of the method. The accuracy of both physical optics current and the geometrical optics aperture field methods is normally acceptable in calculating the main beam and the iirst few sidelobes. To calculate the far out sidelobes or to improve the accuracy of the results for the main beam and near-in sidelobes, Rahmat-Samii [2] has shown that the fringe currents should be included in the current integration and the edge diffracted fields in the aperture field integration method. The latter requirment means that the selected aperture size must be large enough to intercept the main or significant diffracted rays. Since the diffracted rays are strong along the reflection boundary and decrease in magnitude thereafter, an arbitrary angle of 4Y at the reflector edge may be selected to define the aperture boundary, Fig. (1). The aperture size will, therefore, depend on its separation distance from the reflector edge. However, to reduce the computation time it is desirable to reduce the aperture size. The requried aperture size is minimum when it caps the reflector. In the present work it is selected to be at a short distance (0.l~) in front of the reflector edge. It therefore falls between the feed and the reflector. To include the
{"title":"An extended aperture integration method for reflector antennas","authors":"M. Sanad, L. Shafai","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149661","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a variety of techniques have been proposed to analyze the reflector antennas. Among these techniques, the aperture field integration and the physical optics current methods have been used extensively and attempts are made to determine the range of their validity and computation accuracy. For instance, Yaghjian [l] has shown that the far fields of reflector antennas determined by the physical optics currents are identical to those of the geometrical optics aperture integration method, when the aperture surface caps the reflector. The physical optics method involves complicated current integrations over the reflector surface and it is, generally, easier to use the aperture integration approach. However, if the aperture plane caps the reflector, the feed lies outside the region between the reflector and the aperture plane. Thus, in determining the reflector far field, the feed radiation pattern can not be used in the aperture field calculations. Yaghjian has suggested that the incident field of the feed may be neglected, which limits the validity and the accuracy of the method. The accuracy of both physical optics current and the geometrical optics aperture field methods is normally acceptable in calculating the main beam and the iirst few sidelobes. To calculate the far out sidelobes or to improve the accuracy of the results for the main beam and near-in sidelobes, Rahmat-Samii [2] has shown that the fringe currents should be included in the current integration and the edge diffracted fields in the aperture field integration method. The latter requirment means that the selected aperture size must be large enough to intercept the main or significant diffracted rays. Since the diffracted rays are strong along the reflection boundary and decrease in magnitude thereafter, an arbitrary angle of 4Y at the reflector edge may be selected to define the aperture boundary, Fig. (1). The aperture size will, therefore, depend on its separation distance from the reflector edge. However, to reduce the computation time it is desirable to reduce the aperture size. The requried aperture size is minimum when it caps the reflector. In the present work it is selected to be at a short distance (0.l~) in front of the reflector edge. It therefore falls between the feed and the reflector. To include the","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"475 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131989103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149744
P. Wahi, Z. Turski
Advances in high speed modulation of optical sources, interaction of optical signals w i t h RF signals and optical control of solid state microwave devices have resulted in increased potential for pefomance enhancement of next generation electronic warfare systems. Optical techniques offer advantages in electrical isolation, speed, immunity to electromagnetic interference and cost. Low loss propagation characteristics.smal1 cable diameter and light weight of fibers make them that much more attractive for multielement phased arrays and distributed EW and communication systems. Four key areas where fiber optic technology has substantial potential for multielement array applications are:
{"title":"Fiber optic technology for multielement array systems","authors":"P. Wahi, Z. Turski","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149744","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in high speed modulation of optical sources, interaction of optical signals w i t h RF signals and optical control of solid state microwave devices have resulted in increased potential for pefomance enhancement of next generation electronic warfare systems. Optical techniques offer advantages in electrical isolation, speed, immunity to electromagnetic interference and cost. Low loss propagation characteristics.smal1 cable diameter and light weight of fibers make them that much more attractive for multielement phased arrays and distributed EW and communication systems. Four key areas where fiber optic technology has substantial potential for multielement array applications are:","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132114381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149629
A. Oliner, K. Lee
During the late 1870's. a paper presented by H. Ermert at the European Microwave Conference stimulated instant controversy. The paper was devoted to the properties of higher modes on microstrip line, and one of its conclusions was that a "radiation" region exists close to the cutoff of those modes. Because the description of this region, made in that talk and in published papers [1,2], was incomplete and therefore unclear to many, confusion persisted and certaln practical consequences remained hidden. Also in this general perlod. a paper by W. Menzel [3] presented a new traveling-wave antenna on microstrip line fed in its first higher mode and operated near t~ the cutoff of that mode. Menzel proposed his structure as a competitor to a microstrip patch antenna, and he therefore made his antenna short in terms of wavelength. He also assumed that the propagation wavenumber of the flrst higher mode was real in the very region where Ermert said no such solutions exist; since his guided wave, with a real wavenumber, was f a s t in that frequency range, Menzel presumed that i t should radiate. His approximate analysis and his physical reasoning were therefore also incomplete, but his proposed antenna was valid and his measurements demonstrated reasonably successful performance. The present paper flrst explains that the "radiation" region of Ermert is directly related to leaky modes, and that such a representation for this region is both convergent and practical. It then shows that Menzel's antenna Ls in reality a leaky wave antenna that was made too short: an accurate analysis of it not only explatns quantitatively the performance features of the antenna, but also indicates how they can be improved. Numerical values are presented to show what performance characteristics can be expected when leaky wave antennas of this class are properly designed.
{"title":"Microstrip leaky wave strip antennas","authors":"A. Oliner, K. Lee","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149629","url":null,"abstract":"During the late 1870's. a paper presented by H. Ermert at the European Microwave Conference stimulated instant controversy. The paper was devoted to the properties of higher modes on microstrip line, and one of its conclusions was that a \"radiation\" region exists close to the cutoff of those modes. Because the description of this region, made in that talk and in published papers [1,2], was incomplete and therefore unclear to many, confusion persisted and certaln practical consequences remained hidden. Also in this general perlod. a paper by W. Menzel [3] presented a new traveling-wave antenna on microstrip line fed in its first higher mode and operated near t~ the cutoff of that mode. Menzel proposed his structure as a competitor to a microstrip patch antenna, and he therefore made his antenna short in terms of wavelength. He also assumed that the propagation wavenumber of the flrst higher mode was real in the very region where Ermert said no such solutions exist; since his guided wave, with a real wavenumber, was f a s t in that frequency range, Menzel presumed that i t should radiate. His approximate analysis and his physical reasoning were therefore also incomplete, but his proposed antenna was valid and his measurements demonstrated reasonably successful performance. The present paper flrst explains that the \"radiation\" region of Ermert is directly related to leaky modes, and that such a representation for this region is both convergent and practical. It then shows that Menzel's antenna Ls in reality a leaky wave antenna that was made too short: an accurate analysis of it not only explatns quantitatively the performance features of the antenna, but also indicates how they can be improved. Numerical values are presented to show what performance characteristics can be expected when leaky wave antennas of this class are properly designed.","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132361594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149651
M. Skolnik
{"title":"Antennas, propagation, and radar systems","authors":"M. Skolnik","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130213505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149804
M. Shiau, Y. Choung, C. Chen, M. Chen
This paper presents the spacecraft monopulse tracking feed system of the multibeam antenna (MBA) for the NASA Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS). The MBA has approximately 0.3O half-power beamwidth; the spacecraft alignment requirement is 0.025O. The feed system is designed to receive linearly polarized communication signals from 28.9 to 30.0 GHz and to provide the elevation and azimuth error tracking signals at 29.975 GHz within 0.01 O tracking accuracy. The feed system (Figure 1) utilizes a single multiflare conical horn and a multimode coupler (MMC). To provide a symmetric primary pattern for communication signals, a three-flaresection conical horn’ is utilized due to the need for simple configuration, light weight, and small size for the spacecraft. The MMC2 utilizes the lowest three circular waveguide modes, i.e., TE,,, TM,,,, and TE, to achieve the sum and two difference channels, respectively. The two difference channels are time multiplexed in the autotrack biphase modulator and then coupled to the sum channel. Theory, physical description, and experimental data of the feed system will be discussed.
{"title":"NASA acts autotrack antenna feed system","authors":"M. Shiau, Y. Choung, C. Chen, M. Chen","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149804","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the spacecraft monopulse tracking feed system of the multibeam antenna (MBA) for the NASA Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS). The MBA has approximately 0.3O half-power beamwidth; the spacecraft alignment requirement is 0.025O. The feed system is designed to receive linearly polarized communication signals from 28.9 to 30.0 GHz and to provide the elevation and azimuth error tracking signals at 29.975 GHz within 0.01 O tracking accuracy. The feed system (Figure 1) utilizes a single multiflare conical horn and a multimode coupler (MMC). To provide a symmetric primary pattern for communication signals, a three-flaresection conical horn’ is utilized due to the need for simple configuration, light weight, and small size for the spacecraft. The MMC2 utilizes the lowest three circular waveguide modes, i.e., TE,,, TM,,,, and TE, to achieve the sum and two difference channels, respectively. The two difference channels are time multiplexed in the autotrack biphase modulator and then coupled to the sum channel. Theory, physical description, and experimental data of the feed system will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149762
A. Daryoush, K. Bontzos, P. Herczfeld
{"title":"Optically tuned patch antenna for phased array applications","authors":"A. Daryoush, K. Bontzos, P. Herczfeld","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131163701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-08DOI: 10.1109/APS.1986.1149721
T. Chu, N. Farhat
I . In t roduct ion The use of s p e c t r a l , a n g u i a r and p o l a r i z a t i o n d i v e r s i t y i n m i c r o w a v e i m a g i n g a s a n e f f i c i e n t and c o s t e f f e c t i v e means of a c q u i r i n g m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e s c a t t e r i n g o b j e c t h a s b e e n shown t o y i e l d images with near optical resolution [1,2]. I n t h i s pape r , t he ana ly t i ca l and exper imenta l resu i t s of a d e t a i l e d examinat ion of the mult iple scat ter ing effects associated with microwave d i v e r s i t y imaging of two d i e l e c t r i c o r c o n d u c t i n g c y l i n d e r s are presented.
I .简介 S p e c t r a l 、是一种新的和可持续的方法。已证明它能以接近光学分辨率获得图像[1、2].在本报告中，介绍了对与微波成像有关的多种扫描效应的分析和实验结果。
{"title":"Multiple scattering effects in microwave diversity imaging","authors":"T. Chu, N. Farhat","doi":"10.1109/APS.1986.1149721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1986.1149721","url":null,"abstract":"I . In t roduct ion The use of s p e c t r a l , a n g u i a r and p o l a r i z a t i o n d i v e r s i t y i n m i c r o w a v e i m a g i n g a s a n e f f i c i e n t and c o s t e f f e c t i v e means of a c q u i r i n g m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e s c a t t e r i n g o b j e c t h a s b e e n shown t o y i e l d images with near optical resolution [1,2]. I n t h i s pape r , t he ana ly t i ca l and exper imenta l resu i t s of a d e t a i l e d examinat ion of the mult iple scat ter ing effects associated with microwave d i v e r s i t y imaging of two d i e l e c t r i c o r c o n d u c t i n g c y l i n d e r s are presented.","PeriodicalId":399329,"journal":{"name":"1986 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127661874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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