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Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews最新文献

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Adolescent Emergencies. 人类免疫缺陷病毒:青少年紧急情况。
Caroline Salas-Humara, Sarah M Wood, Lawrence J D'Angelo, Nadia Dowshen

Many adolescents are at high risk for HIV infection, and those who are infected or at-risk commonly present to the ED, often as their only or frequent source of care. It is important to consider routine screening and to have a high index of suspicion for AHI in this setting. If a diagnosis of HIV infection is made, immediate linkage to care with a specialist in adolescent and young adult HIV infection should be prioritized. For the known HIV-infected patient, management must consider unique possibilities of OIs, IRIS, and medication side effects. For any patient on ART, drug-drug interactions must be noted as part of any treatment plan. If a young person presents with a recent sexual or needlestick exposure of concern, every effort to prescribe and ensure follow-up for PEP should be made. It is essential for physicians to understand and comply with local regulations regarding HIV testing and adolescents' rights for associated confidential care. Finally, physicians who see adolescents in acute care settings have a tremendous opportunity to make a difference in ensuring improved health outcomes for youth living with HIV and to prevent new infections.

许多青少年感染艾滋病毒的风险很高,而那些被感染或有风险的青少年通常会去急诊科,经常作为他们唯一或经常的护理来源。在这种情况下,考虑常规筛查和对AHI有高怀疑指数是很重要的。如果诊断出艾滋病毒感染,应优先考虑立即与青少年和青年艾滋病毒感染专家联系。对于已知的hiv感染患者,管理必须考虑OIs、IRIS和药物副作用的独特可能性。对于任何接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的病人,药物-药物相互作用必须作为任何治疗计划的一部分加以注意。如果一个年轻人最近出现了令人担忧的性接触或针头接触,应尽一切努力开处方并确保对PEP进行随访。医生必须了解并遵守有关艾滋病毒检测和青少年获得相关保密护理权利的当地法规。最后,在急症护理机构看到青少年的医生有巨大的机会在确保改善感染艾滋病毒的青年的健康结果和预防新的感染方面发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent Male Genitourinary Emergencies. 青少年男性泌尿生殖系统急症。
Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109504-adolescent_male
Zachary McClain, D. Bell
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引用次数: 0
Disorders of Sex Development: Why Adolescent Medicine Specialists Should Care. 性发育障碍:为什么青少年医学专家应该关注。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-disorders
D. Sandberg
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引用次数: 0
Thyroid Disorders in Adolescents. 青少年甲状腺疾病。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-thyroid
YeouChing Hsu
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引用次数: 0
Endocrine Abnormalities in Patients with Eating Disorders. 饮食失调患者的内分泌异常。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-endocrine
Nadia E. Saldanha, Linda Carmine
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引用次数: 3
Screening and Treatment of Common Lipid Disorders in Adolescents. 青少年常见脂质紊乱的筛查和治疗。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-screening
S. R. Bialo, C. Boney
Cardiovascular disease remains a substantial health care burden in the adult population, the roots of which begin in childhood. Universal screening for dyslipidemia in all children and adolescents has been implemented to identify cases of FH that are otherwise missed by conventional screening because untreated FH can result in early CVD and untimely death. Recommendations for medical therapy did not change with the 2011 NHLBI guidelines. LDL levels targeted for therapy usually are elevated because of primary genetic disorders such as FH. Although these recommendations remain controversial, the benefit of universal screening and subsequent treatment of high-risk patients far outweighs the risk of not screening, although more investigation is warranted to understand the long-term outcomes of CVD risk in youth.
心血管疾病仍然是成年人口的一个重大卫生保健负担,其根源始于儿童时期。在所有儿童和青少年中实施了普遍的血脂异常筛查,以确定常规筛查遗漏的FH病例,因为未经治疗的FH可导致早期心血管疾病和过早死亡。药物治疗的建议没有随着2011年NHLBI指南而改变。治疗目标LDL水平通常因原发性遗传疾病(如FH)而升高。尽管这些建议仍然存在争议,但普遍筛查和高危患者后续治疗的益处远远超过不筛查的风险,尽管需要更多的调查来了解青少年心血管疾病风险的长期结果。
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引用次数: 0
Update on Puberty and Its Disorders in Adolescents. 青春期及其障碍在青少年中的最新进展。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-puberty
Amit Lahoti, I. Sills
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引用次数: 1
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. 多囊卵巢综合征。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-polycystic
Jason Klein, Meghan Craven, P. Vuguin
Clinical Description Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries. Related signs and symptoms include hirsutism, infertility, obesity, hypertension and diabetes. The differential diagnoses are broad and other disorders that may result in menstrual irregularity and hyperandrogenism must be ruled out before a diagnosis is made. Treatment is directed at the underlying condition and resulting symptoms. Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, are considered first-line treatment for women with PCOS. Pharmacologic treatments may be used to correct metabolic abnormalities and anovulation. 1,2
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引用次数: 1
Endocrine Consequences of Treatment for Childhood Cancer. 儿童癌症治疗对内分泌的影响。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-endocrine02
S. Stred
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引用次数: 0
Update on Diabetes in Children and Adolescents. 儿童和青少年糖尿病最新进展。
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581109498-diabetes
C. Bloch, S. Nayak
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引用次数: 1
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Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews
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