Pub Date : 2018-08-02DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4035.zh2z7
Ruchita Sharma, D. Kumar
The banana is one of the most primitive, cultivated tropical fruits in India which ranks next to mango in area and production. Excess production of fruits and vegetables are transported from the producer to ultimate consumers. During the process of movements of banana several intermediaries are involved. The main objective of the study was to study existing supply chain and its management in marketing of banana. The study was undertaken in Kaushambi district of U.P. Multistage sampling technique was adopted for selection of respondents. A total of 170 banana growers (i.e.86 small, 57 medium and 27 large growers) were selected. Banana cultivation per hectare for small size farms was 0.39 ha, 0.85 ha for medium size farms and 1.30 ha for large size of farms group. The actual marketed surplus was highest in large size farms (688.27 qt.) followed by medium and small size of farms group (659.83 qt. and 612.66 qt.) respectively. The study reveals that disposal pattern of actual Marketable surplus of Banana in three different marketing channels i.e. channel I, channel II and channel III, Channel II was most prevalent adopted by the growers in the study area, as the highest percentage of the produce was transacted through channel II (Producer Commission Agent Retailer Consumer) i.e. 68.08 per cent of growers followed by 16.66 per cent through channel I and 15.26 per cent through channel III respectively. The total market cost was higher in channel III (Rs.325.50). And the total marketing margin and price spread was also seen higher in channel III (Rs. 210.00 and Rs.535.50) because in the channel III there are maximum number of intermediates. The producer share in consumer rupee was higher in channel I, (69.41 per cent) and the marketing efficiency was also higher in channel I, (5.56 per cent). Due to less number of intermediary’s supply chain I, (Producer – Retailer -Consumer) was found to be most suitable chain in context of marketing of banana. By strengthen this channel per cent share of transected fruit
{"title":"Supply chain of Banana in Kaushambi district of U.P.","authors":"Ruchita Sharma, D. Kumar","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4035.zh2z7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4035.zh2z7","url":null,"abstract":"The banana is one of the most primitive, cultivated tropical fruits in India which ranks next to mango in area and production. Excess production of fruits and vegetables are transported from the producer to ultimate consumers. During the process of movements of banana several intermediaries are involved. The main objective of the study was to study existing supply chain and its management in marketing of banana. The study was undertaken in Kaushambi district of U.P. Multistage sampling technique was adopted for selection of respondents. A total of 170 banana growers (i.e.86 small, 57 medium and 27 large growers) were selected. Banana cultivation per hectare for small size farms was 0.39 ha, 0.85 ha for medium size farms and 1.30 ha for large size of farms group. The actual marketed surplus was highest in large size farms (688.27 qt.) followed by medium and small size of farms group (659.83 qt. and 612.66 qt.) respectively. The study reveals that disposal pattern of actual Marketable surplus of Banana in three different marketing channels i.e. channel I, channel II and channel III, Channel II was most prevalent adopted by the growers in the study area, as the highest percentage of the produce was transacted through channel II (Producer Commission Agent Retailer Consumer) i.e. 68.08 per cent of growers followed by 16.66 per cent through channel I and 15.26 per cent through channel III respectively. The total market cost was higher in channel III (Rs.325.50). And the total marketing margin and price spread was also seen higher in channel III (Rs. 210.00 and Rs.535.50) because in the channel III there are maximum number of intermediates. The producer share in consumer rupee was higher in channel I, (69.41 per cent) and the marketing efficiency was also higher in channel I, (5.56 per cent). Due to less number of intermediary’s supply chain I, (Producer – Retailer -Consumer) was found to be most suitable chain in context of marketing of banana. By strengthen this channel per cent share of transected fruit","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131543657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4034.48nlc
K. Krishnaraj, Suresh Murali, S. Arunpandian, Kousalya Jayaraman
Chemical pesticide usage was increased and it may lead to the deposit of these pesticide residues on agricultural crops. Organic farming promotes eco-friendly agricultural practices without making use of synthetic inputs and majorly relies upon the use of organic wastes to raise crops. Neem cake which is a form of organic manure used in organic farming for the enhancement of crop yield. This experiment was designed to carry out the synergistic effect of neem cake amended with Trichoderma viridi and Pseudomonas fluorescens species. Neem cake along with 0.1% of microbial load did not affect the physical nature and chemical constituents of the cakes. We observed that the Trichoderma population was reached up to 1x10 7 cfu/gm and the Pseudomonas population was estimated as 1x10 8 cfu/ml. KeywordsNeem cake, organic manure, microbial load, Trichoderma viridi, Pseudomonas
{"title":"Effect of soil application of neem cake amended with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens on soil health and yield of tomato crop","authors":"K. Krishnaraj, Suresh Murali, S. Arunpandian, Kousalya Jayaraman","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4034.48nlc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4034.48nlc","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical pesticide usage was increased and it may lead to the deposit of these pesticide residues on agricultural crops. Organic farming promotes eco-friendly agricultural practices without making use of synthetic inputs and majorly relies upon the use of organic wastes to raise crops. Neem cake which is a form of organic manure used in organic farming for the enhancement of crop yield. This experiment was designed to carry out the synergistic effect of neem cake amended with Trichoderma viridi and Pseudomonas fluorescens species. Neem cake along with 0.1% of microbial load did not affect the physical nature and chemical constituents of the cakes. We observed that the Trichoderma population was reached up to 1x10 7 cfu/gm and the Pseudomonas population was estimated as 1x10 8 cfu/ml. KeywordsNeem cake, organic manure, microbial load, Trichoderma viridi, Pseudomonas","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124904577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-29DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4033.iq2ti
{"title":"Evaluation of whole-plant architecture of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) for yield attributes","authors":"","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4033.iq2ti","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4033.iq2ti","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4031.x1dde
Sh. Kurbonova
- in this article such slaughter indexes as live mass before killing of 18 and 21 months bull-calves of various genotypes, weight of undressed carcass, weight of inner fat, carcass weight by carrying out of control slaughter were studied. In both slaughter ages calves of all groups have high degree of stoutness. So, calves of the II group of Schwitz breed possessing by combined productivity and calves of the III group-hybrids of the first generation.
{"title":"Slaughter indexes of bull-calves of various genotypes.","authors":"Sh. Kurbonova","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4031.x1dde","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4031.x1dde","url":null,"abstract":"- in this article such slaughter indexes as live mass before killing of 18 and 21 months bull-calves of various genotypes, weight of undressed carcass, weight of inner fat, carcass weight by carrying out of control slaughter were studied. In both slaughter ages calves of all groups have high degree of stoutness. So, calves of the II group of Schwitz breed possessing by combined productivity and calves of the III group-hybrids of the first generation.","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123319333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4032.baotf
R. Prabakaran
Biomedical application of Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea oppositifolia by determining the cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties of tuber extracts. Plant extracts expressed cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma cell line (A-549) which was ascertained by MTT Assay. From this the D. pentaphylla tuber was found to be more effective on (A-549) cell line. The present work also designed the antioxidant activities of D. pentaphylla and D. oppositifolia methanol extract were assessed by using DPPH and ABTS + activity. In DPPH activities among the five different concentrations (100µg/ml to 500µg/ml) of extracts tested. In ABTS + activity D. pentaphylla and D. oppositifolia were assayed by using five different concentrations (50µg/ml to 250µg/ml). The absorbance was increased in both assays with increasing concentrations of the extracts.
{"title":"In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies and Antioxidant activities of two wild yams","authors":"R. Prabakaran","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4032.baotf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4032.baotf","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical application of Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea oppositifolia by determining the cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties of tuber extracts. Plant extracts expressed cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma cell line (A-549) which was ascertained by MTT Assay. From this the D. pentaphylla tuber was found to be more effective on (A-549) cell line. The present work also designed the antioxidant activities of D. pentaphylla and D. oppositifolia methanol extract were assessed by using DPPH and ABTS + activity. In DPPH activities among the five different concentrations (100µg/ml to 500µg/ml) of extracts tested. In ABTS + activity D. pentaphylla and D. oppositifolia were assayed by using five different concentrations (50µg/ml to 250µg/ml). The absorbance was increased in both assays with increasing concentrations of the extracts.","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126308021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-12DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4024.g4wov
Aparna H. Nath
Nutraceuticals is a diverse product category with various synonyms used internationally. The term 'nutraceutical' has been part of the industry for almost a decade. Unfortunately, it still seems to be held up in a scrambled web of complementary definitions, regulatory watchdogs and consumer confusion. For an effective regulatory policy framework, nutraceuticals need to move from a blurred idea with varied and sometimes conflicting definitions, to a sharply defined and quantifiable concept. In an effort to clarify the definition of nutraceuticals, three general concepts that should be included in a definition have been identified based on the some important definitions from literature. This article briefly discusses about the basic information about the nutraceuticals, its importance and
{"title":"NUTRACEUTICALS: INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AREA","authors":"Aparna H. Nath","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4024.g4wov","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4024.g4wov","url":null,"abstract":"Nutraceuticals is a diverse product category with various synonyms used internationally. The term 'nutraceutical' has been part of the industry for almost a decade. Unfortunately, it still seems to be held up in a scrambled web of complementary definitions, regulatory watchdogs and consumer confusion. For an effective regulatory policy framework, nutraceuticals need to move from a blurred idea with varied and sometimes conflicting definitions, to a sharply defined and quantifiable concept. In an effort to clarify the definition of nutraceuticals, three general concepts that should be included in a definition have been identified based on the some important definitions from literature. This article briefly discusses about the basic information about the nutraceuticals, its importance and","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125609926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-09DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4030.dkzir
M. Sisodiya, Lal B Choudhary, Seema Bhardhwaj
The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters (a and b) for some economically important fish species from freshwaters. The length-weight relationships (LWR) are calculated for 15 freshwater fish species collected during January–December 2017 in Haro river. 15 fish species belonging to 5 families Labeo rohita, Puntius ticto, Puntius sarana, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo gonius, Puntius sophore, Catla catla, Rasbora daniconius, Danio Devario, Puntius conchonius, Chanda ranga, Chanda nama, Mystus seenghala, Tilapia mossambica, Wallego attu were caught from the Haro River. The LWR with high correlation coefficient (r 2 ) y = -0.020x + 1.782, R2 = 0.006 is significant for all the species. The condition factor for the 15 fish species crosswise over both season extended 1.6450 to 2.3521.These parameters are of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges. The low condition figure recorded this investigation could be because of effects of sedimentation. This study has contributed to the knowledge of fish populations in this economically important area that could assist fishery management scientists in carrying out future ecological studies in line with the strategies of conservation, restoration and management.
{"title":"Length – weight Relationships of Freshwater Fish Species in Haro River.","authors":"M. Sisodiya, Lal B Choudhary, Seema Bhardhwaj","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4030.dkzir","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4030.dkzir","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters (a and b) for some economically important fish species from freshwaters. The length-weight relationships (LWR) are calculated for 15 freshwater fish species collected during January–December 2017 in Haro river. 15 fish species belonging to 5 families Labeo rohita, Puntius ticto, Puntius sarana, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo gonius, Puntius sophore, Catla catla, Rasbora daniconius, Danio Devario, Puntius conchonius, Chanda ranga, Chanda nama, Mystus seenghala, Tilapia mossambica, Wallego attu were caught from the Haro River. The LWR with high correlation coefficient (r 2 ) y = -0.020x + 1.782, R2 = 0.006 is significant for all the species. The condition factor for the 15 fish species crosswise over both season extended 1.6450 to 2.3521.These parameters are of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges. The low condition figure recorded this investigation could be because of effects of sedimentation. This study has contributed to the knowledge of fish populations in this economically important area that could assist fishery management scientists in carrying out future ecological studies in line with the strategies of conservation, restoration and management.","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124841909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-06DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4028.dcupz
Gezahegn Assefa, Mengesha Ayene
Studies on the photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity from many of the silicon-based nanostructured systems has attracted extensive interest to identify its mechanism, in particular, in nanocrystallineSilicon (nc-Si). Despite many recent successes in the field of silicon nanostructures, until now, the origin and properties of the PL are not completely understood. Currently, the underlying mechanisms behind the PL are a major source of debate and dispute among scientist communities. The present paper successfully describes the PL mechanism of nanostructured systems from the Quantum Confinement Effect (QCE) model approach. The selected model (QCE model) assigns the PL to quantum size effects in nc-Si core of the nanostructures. It is widely investigated that one of the fundamental parameters describing the PL mechanisms of nc-Si is the radiative recombination rate. The present investigation revealed that the rate of radiative recombination depends on the diameter d of the spherical nano-crystallites; in particular, the finding clearly confirmed that the radiative recombination rate increases with the decrease in the size of the nc-Si. Certainly, these findings from the QCE model are useful to enhance the PL intensity in nc-Si and possibly useful to tune the PL emission intensity into the visible range.
{"title":"THE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE MECHANISM STUDY IN SILICON NANOCRYSTALS: A QUANTUM CONFINEMENT EFFECT (QCE) MODEL INVESTIGATION","authors":"Gezahegn Assefa, Mengesha Ayene","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4028.dcupz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4028.dcupz","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity from many of the silicon-based nanostructured systems has attracted extensive interest to identify its mechanism, in particular, in nanocrystallineSilicon (nc-Si). Despite many recent successes in the field of silicon nanostructures, until now, the origin and properties of the PL are not completely understood. Currently, the underlying mechanisms behind the PL are a major source of debate and dispute among scientist communities. The present paper successfully describes the PL mechanism of nanostructured systems from the Quantum Confinement Effect (QCE) model approach. The selected model (QCE model) assigns the PL to quantum size effects in nc-Si core of the nanostructures. It is widely investigated that one of the fundamental parameters describing the PL mechanisms of nc-Si is the radiative recombination rate. The present investigation revealed that the rate of radiative recombination depends on the diameter d of the spherical nano-crystallites; in particular, the finding clearly confirmed that the radiative recombination rate increases with the decrease in the size of the nc-Si. Certainly, these findings from the QCE model are useful to enhance the PL intensity in nc-Si and possibly useful to tune the PL emission intensity into the visible range.","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123795974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-06DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4029.jvawa
A. Bhave, S. Dasgupta
Primary metabolites are vital for plant growth and many of them are pharmacologically active metabolites which can be use as antipsychotic drugs. Plectranthus amboinicus is an edible, nutritive plant and it is known to possess antimicrobial, antiepileptic and antioxidant properties. Cooking is a common practice to consume different leafy vegetables. Laboratory evaluations were made to assess the study of primary metabolites (Reducing sugar, protein, ascorbic acid) of P. amboinicus in raw and cooked samples. The result showed the difference in content of reducing sugar, protein, ascorbic acid in comparison of raw sample with cooked sample.
{"title":"Effect of Cooking on Primary Metabolites of Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian Borage)","authors":"A. Bhave, S. Dasgupta","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4029.jvawa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4029.jvawa","url":null,"abstract":"Primary metabolites are vital for plant growth and many of them are pharmacologically active metabolites which can be use as antipsychotic drugs. Plectranthus amboinicus is an edible, nutritive plant and it is known to possess antimicrobial, antiepileptic and antioxidant properties. Cooking is a common practice to consume different leafy vegetables. Laboratory evaluations were made to assess the study of primary metabolites (Reducing sugar, protein, ascorbic acid) of P. amboinicus in raw and cooked samples. The result showed the difference in content of reducing sugar, protein, ascorbic acid in comparison of raw sample with cooked sample.","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129636720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4027.pytnh
Kusuma Dorcas, A. Bains, Katyayini
Coliforms are several types of bacteria that are found in the soil, on vegetation or on surface waters. The distribution of resistance to various antibiotics among coliforms in sewage, surface waters, and sea water was investigated. The incidence of resistant strains among isolates varied significantly among the water samples and there is no obvious connection with the water source or the level of pollution. The presence of fecal coliforms in the water often indicates recent contamination. That means higher risk of presence of pathogens. Coliforms were isolated from water samples and plated on Nutrient agar, Mac Conkeys agar plates and incubated at 37 o C for 24h and the colony morphology was noted. They were microscopically identified as Gram negative bacilli. A subculture stage confirmation was performed on EMB agar plate and a greenish metallic sheen was identified confirming the presence of coliforms. Antimicrobial activity was done with various aqueous natural extracts of turmeric, cinnamon, cardamom, garlic, ginger and cloves against coliforms. The aqueous extracts of turmeric (1.5cm) showed maximum antimicrobial susceptibility against coliforms followed by cloves (1.4cm), ginger (1.2cm), garlic (0.8cm), cinnamon (0.6cm), and cardamom (0.2cm) respectively. A similar study was done with antibiotics on coliforms, it was identified that norfloxacin (10mcg) showed a zone of inhibition 1.5cm, while gentamycin (10mcg) showed 1.3cm, streptomycin (10mcg) showed 1cm and vancomycin (30mcg) 0.3 cm. Natural products are a major source of new natural drugs and they can be used as an alternative medicine for treatment of various diseases. In comparison to the formulated drugs the herbs and spices have fewer side effects.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of Various Natural Extracts On Coliforms","authors":"Kusuma Dorcas, A. Bains, Katyayini","doi":"10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4027.pytnh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22623/ijapsa.2018.4027.pytnh","url":null,"abstract":"Coliforms are several types of bacteria that are found in the soil, on vegetation or on surface waters. The distribution of resistance to various antibiotics among coliforms in sewage, surface waters, and sea water was investigated. The incidence of resistant strains among isolates varied significantly among the water samples and there is no obvious connection with the water source or the level of pollution. The presence of fecal coliforms in the water often indicates recent contamination. That means higher risk of presence of pathogens. Coliforms were isolated from water samples and plated on Nutrient agar, Mac Conkeys agar plates and incubated at 37 o C for 24h and the colony morphology was noted. They were microscopically identified as Gram negative bacilli. A subculture stage confirmation was performed on EMB agar plate and a greenish metallic sheen was identified confirming the presence of coliforms. Antimicrobial activity was done with various aqueous natural extracts of turmeric, cinnamon, cardamom, garlic, ginger and cloves against coliforms. The aqueous extracts of turmeric (1.5cm) showed maximum antimicrobial susceptibility against coliforms followed by cloves (1.4cm), ginger (1.2cm), garlic (0.8cm), cinnamon (0.6cm), and cardamom (0.2cm) respectively. A similar study was done with antibiotics on coliforms, it was identified that norfloxacin (10mcg) showed a zone of inhibition 1.5cm, while gentamycin (10mcg) showed 1.3cm, streptomycin (10mcg) showed 1cm and vancomycin (30mcg) 0.3 cm. Natural products are a major source of new natural drugs and they can be used as an alternative medicine for treatment of various diseases. In comparison to the formulated drugs the herbs and spices have fewer side effects.","PeriodicalId":400500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115289834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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