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Delta Power Transformation: A New Family of Probability Distributions 德尔塔幂变换:新的概率分布系列
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67488
L. Sapkota, Pankaj Kumar, Vijay Kumar
This research article presents a novel approach called the delta-power transformation, which introduces a new class of lifetime distributions. The article discusses the key features of one member from this family, which exhibits a hazard function with a distinctive shape resembling a J, reverse-J, constant, or monotonically increasing. The researchers delve into the statistical characteristics of this distribution and utilize the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach to gauge its parameters. They conduct a simulation experiment to evaluate the precision of the estimation process, finding that biases and mean square errors diminish with larger sample sizes, even in cases involving small samples. Moreover, the study show-cases the practical utility of the suggested distribution through an examination of two real-world datasets. Evaluation criteria for model selection and goodness-of-fit test statistics indicate that the proposed model surpasses certain existing models in performance.
这篇研究文章介绍了一种名为三角幂变换的新方法,它引入了一类新的寿命分布。文章讨论了这一家族中一个成员的主要特征,该成员的危险函数具有独特的形状,类似于 J、反向 J、常数或单调递增。研究人员深入探讨了该分布的统计特征,并利用最大似然估计 (MLE) 方法测量了其参数。他们通过模拟实验评估了估计过程的精确度,发现偏差和均方误差随着样本量的增大而减小,即使在涉及小样本的情况下也是如此。此外,研究还通过对两个真实世界数据集的考察,展示了所建议的分布的实用性。模型选择和拟合优度测试统计的评估标准表明,所建议的模型在性能上超越了某些现有模型。
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引用次数: 0
Tandem Queue and Its Applications in the Production of Bi-layer Tablets 串联队列及其在双层片剂生产中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67491
Ritu Basnet Thapa, Sushil Ghimire, Ram Prasad Ghimire
Production of bi-layer tablets involves the concept of tandem queue. Tandem queue is a series of queues in which the output of one queue becomes the input to the next queue. In this paper, two tandem queues are employed. Each queue has heterogeneous mean arrival time and service time. These two queues merge into one finite capacity queue in the production process of the bi-layer tablets. The study investigates various performance measures of the queueing model. Mathematical models and simulations are utilized to evaluate system performance under different scenarios.
双层片剂的生产涉及串联队列的概念。串联队列是一系列队列,其中一个队列的输出成为下一个队列的输入。本文采用了两个串联队列。每个队列都有不同的平均到达时间和服务时间。在双层片剂的生产过程中,这两个队列合并成一个有限容量队列。研究调查了队列模型的各种性能指标。利用数学模型和模拟来评估不同情况下的系统性能。
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引用次数: 0
On the Inversion and Dimension Pairs of Row-Strict Tableaux 论行严格表象的反演和维数对
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67485
Felemu Olasupo, Adetunji Patience
In this article, we consider two algorithms, dimension and inversion pairs of rows-strict, used for the computation of Betti numbers of Springer varieties and then show that the sequences respectively generated by these algorithms are dual to each other, (except for λ = 1n where Ik = Dk) and that the sum Ik + Dk gives another sequence which is palindromic. We also show that for each row-strict tableau τ of shape λ = n − r, 1r (0 ≤ r ≤ n − 1), the dimension of the corresponding Springer varieties equals the cardinality of the union of the set of inversions and dimensions of τ. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the rich combinatorial landscape of tableaux, opening up new avenues for further research.
在本文中,我们考虑了用于计算斯普林格变体的贝蒂数的两种算法,即行-严格的维数和反演对,然后证明了由这些算法分别生成的序列是对偶的(除了 λ = 1n 时 Ik = Dk),并且和 Ik + Dk 给出的另一个序列是回文序列。我们还证明,对于形状为 λ = n - r, 1r (0 ≤ r ≤ n - 1) 的每一个行严格表头 τ,相应 Springer varieties 的维数等于 τ 的反转集和维数的联合的万有引力。这项研究有助于加深对表头丰富组合景观的理解,为进一步研究开辟了新途径。
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引用次数: 0
On Certain Statistical Convergence Criteria for Martingale Sequences via Deferred Ces`aro Mean with Some Applications 通过延迟 Ces`aro 平均值的马丁格尔序列的某些统计收敛标准及其一些应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67486
Hemen Dutta, B. Jena, N. Pahari, S. K. Paikray
In this paper, we investigate and study various new notions of statistical convergence criteria of martingale sequences via deferred Ces`aro mean. We then establish several results concerning the relation among these beautiful and potentially useful concepts. Moreover, our proposed techniques contributed to finding several new approximation results of the Korovkin-type for martingale sequences over complete normed linear spaces. We also present some concrete examples to establish the stronger side of our results.
在本文中,我们通过递延塞萨罗均值调查并研究了马氏序列统计收敛标准的各种新概念。然后,我们建立了有关这些美丽且潜在有用的概念之间关系的若干结果。此外,我们提出的技术还有助于发现完整规范线性空间上马丁格尔序列的几个新的柯罗夫金型近似结果。我们还列举了一些具体实例,以证明我们的结果具有更强的一面。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical Modeling of Pollutants Dispersion in the Atmosphere 污染物在大气中扩散的数学建模
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67487
Jeevan Kafle, K. Adhikari, Eeshwar Prasad Poudel, Ramesh Raj Pant
Air pollution is one of the biggest problems in both developed and developing countries. Mathematical modeling is widely applied to assess how air pollutants impact on human and ecological health. In this paper, the fundamental behavior of the plumes along with stack height and the underlying assumptions of the Gaussian plume model were assessed. Additionally, the equation for advection and diffusion was also developed to analyze the pollutants concentration of brick kilns. Basically, the model considers the height, emission sources, eddy diffusivity, and wind profile as parameters by adopting the fundamental approaches of the model. Interestingly, the results revealed that when the stack height is reduced, pollutants are more prominent whereas when the stack height is increased, the pollutants are less prevalent along the x-axis. There is a close relationship between wind velocity and pollutants dispersion. The model illustrates that stronger winds tend to increase the dispersion of air pollutants; hence, areas with stronger winds typically have lower air pollution concentrations. The insights of this work will directly contribute to environmental sustainability by mitigating pollutants concentration, especially in the core urban areas. Additionally, the work is also applicable for the researcher and academia to select the optimal measurement techniques and ways forward for controlling the pollution level in the atmosphere.
空气污染是发达国家和发展中国家面临的最大问题之一。数学模型被广泛应用于评估空气污染物对人类和生态健康的影响。本文评估了烟羽的基本行为、烟囱高度和高斯烟羽模型的基本假设。此外,还建立了平流和扩散方程,以分析砖窑的污染物浓度。基本上,该模型采用模型的基本方法,将高度、排放源、涡流扩散率和风廓线作为参数。有趣的是,结果显示,当烟囱高度降低时,污染物更加突出,而当烟囱高度增加时,沿 x 轴的污染物则减少。风速与污染物扩散之间存在密切关系。该模型表明,风力越强,空气污染物的扩散量越大;因此,风力越强的地区空气污染浓度通常越低。这项工作的见解将通过降低污染物浓度,特别是城市核心区域的污染物浓度,直接促进环境的可持续发展。此外,这项工作也适用于研究人员和学术界选择最佳测量技术和控制大气污染水平的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Infiltration-Induced Landslide: An Application of Richards Equation 渗透诱发的山体滑坡:理查兹方程的应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67490
Ramesh Chandra Timsina
In this work, we incorporate the solution of Richards equation in infinite slope model to locate the potential landslide hazards area and prediction of landslide hazards induced by heavy rainfall, continuously precipitation and redistribution. Firstly, we modeled the Richards equation in cylindrical coordinate with axial symmetry and use Kirchhoff ’s transformation to linearize it. With Kirchhoff ’s transformation the nonlinear axi-symmetric model is transformed into the nonlinear parabolic equation. Because of its high non-linear properties, analytical solutions of Richards equation are rare and limited for particular cases with hardly reliable. To solve the equation numerically, different approximation techniques as FDM, FVM are used on the prescribed model. Since, the landslide hazards problems are accelerated by safety factor which are related to the forces that restrain the surface from failure and endow the surface to smash. Hence to evaluate the safety factor we use the infinite slope model characterized with moisture content, pressure head in variably saturated (unsaturated) soils. The attachment of Richards equation along with the infinite slope model in the expression of safety factor which helps to explore the surface failure condition for different soils for their different physical characteristic including precipitation, infiltration, redistribution and moisture content.
在这项工作中,我们将理查兹方程的解法纳入无限坡模型中,以定位潜在的滑坡危险区,并预测暴雨、连续降水和再分布诱发的滑坡危险。首先,我们以轴对称的圆柱坐标建立理查兹方程模型,并利用基尔霍夫变换将其线性化。通过基尔霍夫变换,非线性轴对称模型被转化为非线性抛物线方程。由于其高度的非线性特性,理查兹方程的解析解非常罕见,而且仅限于特定情况,几乎不可靠。为了对该方程进行数值求解,在规定的模型上使用了 FDM、FVM 等不同的近似技术。由于滑坡危害问题会因安全系数而加速,而安全系数与限制地表破坏和赋予地表粉碎的力有关。因此,为了评估安全系数,我们使用了以含水量、不同饱和(非饱和)土壤压头为特征的无限坡模型。在表达安全系数时,将理查兹方程与无限坡度模型结合起来,有助于探索不同土壤在不同物理特性(包括降水、渗透、再分布和含水量)下的表面破坏条件。
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引用次数: 0
Model and Properties of Cauchy Modified Inverse Gompertz Distribution with Application to a Real Data Set 考奇修正反 Gompertz 分布的模型和特性及其在真实数据集中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67483
A. Chaudhary, Lal Babu Sah Telee
In this study, we introduce the Cauchy modified inverse Gompertz distribution as a new probability model. Utilizing the modified inverse Gompertz distribution as its baseline distribution, this model blends the Cauchy family of distributions. Our aim is to utilize this model for lifetime data analysis. We have inferred formulas for some basic properties of the model. We have also included graphic representations of the hazard rate and probability density curves. We observed that the probability density function displays positive skewness, while the hazard rate function plot shows an increasing-decreasing pattern. We used the Cramer-Von Mises method, the least squares approach, and maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the model parameters. We employed several statistical criteria to validate our model, including the corrected Akaike’s, the Bayesian, the Hannan-Quinn, as well as Akaike’s information criterion. We also utilized Q-Q and P-P graphs for further confirmation. To assess goodness of fit, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darlin, and Cramer-von Mises tests. The empirical results of the study show that it gives a better fit to the real data set. All numerical computations were conducted using the R programming language.
在本研究中,我们引入了考奇修正反冈珀茨分布作为一种新的概率模型。该模型以修正的反 Gompertz 分布为基准分布,融合了 Cauchy 分布系列。我们的目标是利用这一模型进行寿命数据分析。我们推断出了该模型的一些基本属性公式。我们还用图形表示了危险率和概率密度曲线。我们观察到,概率密度函数显示出正偏度,而危险率函数图则显示出递增-递减模式。我们使用克莱默-冯-米塞斯法、最小二乘法和最大似然估计法来估计模型参数。我们采用了几种统计标准来验证我们的模型,包括校正阿凯克标准、贝叶斯标准、汉南-奎因标准以及阿凯克信息标准。我们还利用 Q-Q 图和 P-P 图来进一步确认。为了评估拟合优度,我们使用了 Kolmogorov-Smirnov、Anderson-Darlin 和 Cramer-von Mises 检验。研究的经验结果表明,它能更好地拟合真实数据集。所有数值计算均使用 R 编程语言进行。
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引用次数: 0
Transmission Dynamics of Dengue Disease in the Rupandehi District of Nepal 尼泊尔鲁班德希县登革热病的传播动态
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v7i1.67586
Dwarika Prasad Gautam, Ramesh Gautam, Khagendra Adhikari, A. Pokharel, K. N. Uprety
Increasing incidence of dengue fever has become an important health concern in recent years, especially in developing country like Nepal. To investigate patterns of transmission, this work uses a mathematical model for the dynamics of dengue outbreaks in the Rupandehi district in 2017. To validate the model biologically, we demonstrate the positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we establish that for R0 < 1, the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable, whereas for R0 > 1, a unique endemic equilibrium point exists. Sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters related to mosquitoes, in particular the mosquito death rate (µv) and mosquito biting rate in transmission rates (β1, β2, βv), have signifcant impact on R0. Therefore, implementing mosquito control activities followed by protection against mosquito bites are crucial strategies in effectively controlling dengue transmission.
近年来,登革热发病率的上升已成为一个重要的健康问题,尤其是在尼泊尔这样的发展中国家。为了研究登革热的传播模式,本研究利用数学模型对 2017 年鲁班德希县登革热爆发的动态进行了研究。为了从生物学角度验证该模型,我们证明了解的实在性和有界性。此外,我们还确定,当 R0 < 1 时,无疾病平衡是局部渐近稳定的,而当 R0 > 1 时,存在一个唯一的流行平衡点。敏感性分析表明,与蚊子有关的参数,特别是蚊子死亡率(μv)和传播率中的蚊子叮咬率(β1、β2、βv),对 R0 有显著影响。因此,开展灭蚊活动和防止蚊虫叮咬是有效控制登革热传播的关键策略。
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引用次数: 0
Inequalities for Means Regarding the Trigamma Function 关于三角函数的均值不等式
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v6i2.63030
K. Nantomah, G. Abe-I-Kpeng, Sunday Sandow
Let G(α, β), A(α, β) and H(α, β), respectively, be the geometric mean, arithmetic mean and harmonic mean of α and β. In this paper, we prove that G(ψ′ (z), ψ′ (1/z)) ≥ π2/6, A(ψ′ (z), ψ′ (1/z)) ≥ π2/6 and H(ψ′ (z), ψ′ (1/z)) ≤ π2/6. This extends the previous results of Alzer and Jameson regarding the digamma function ψ. The mathematical tools used to prove the results include convexity, concavity and monotonicity properties of certain functions as well as the convolution theorem for Laplace transforms.
设 G(α,β)、A(α,β)和 H(α,β)分别为 α 和 β 的几何平均数、算术平均数和调和平均数。本文证明 G(ψ′(z),ψ′(1/z))≥π2/6,A(ψ′(z),ψ′(1/z))≥π2/6,H(ψ′(z),ψ′(1/z))≤π2/6。这扩展了阿尔泽和詹姆森之前关于迪加玛函数ψ的结果。证明这些结果所使用的数学工具包括某些函数的凸性、凹性和单调性,以及拉普拉斯变换的卷积定理。
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引用次数: 0
Error Estimates in the Maximum Norm for the Solution of Poisson’s Equation Approximated by the Five-Point Laplacian Using the Discrete Maximum Principle 利用离散最大值原理求解五点拉普拉斯近似泊松方程的最大规范误差估计值
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.3126/jnms.v6i2.63020
Ganesh Bahadur Basnet, Madhav Poudel, Resham Prasad Paudel
In this paper, we study error estimates in the maximum norm in the context of solving Poisson’s equation numerically when approximated the Five-Point Laplacian method using the discrete maximum principle. The primary objective is to assess the accuracy of this numerical approach in solving Poisson’s equation and to provide insights into the behavior of error estimates. We focus on the estimates of maximum norm of the discrete functions defined on a grid in a unit square as well as in a square of side s, and estimate errors measured in the maximum norm.
在本文中,我们研究了利用离散最大值原理近似五点拉普拉斯方法数值求解泊松方程时的最大值规范误差估计。主要目的是评估这种数值方法在求解泊松方程时的准确性,并深入了解误差估计的行为。我们重点研究了在单位正方形和边长为 s 的正方形网格上定义的离散函数的最大法的估计,并估计了以最大法测量的误差。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Nepal Mathematical Society
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