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“We Support Harm Reduction”: Frame Analysis of Canadian News Media Coverage of the Opioid Crisis “我们支持减少伤害”:加拿大新闻媒体对阿片类药物危机报道的框架分析
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v18i1.6497
Lorna Ferguson, M. Eliasson
This study examines news media framing of the opioid crisis in Canada to advance an understanding of the dominant discourses and identify the narratives shaping public and policymakers’ opinions and preferred solutions. We conducted a content and frame analysis of 2,273 Canadian news articles published between January 2016 and December 2019. The analysis revealed that harm reduction and treatment were the preferred solutions instead of criminalization, and public health framing predominantly occurred. The overall tone emerged as empathetic and softer and, generally, the leading policy choices and opioid crisis were framed contradistinct from past drug epidemics.
本研究考察了加拿大阿片类药物危机的新闻媒体框架,以促进对主导话语的理解,并确定塑造公众和政策制定者意见和首选解决方案的叙事。我们对2016年1月至2019年12月期间发表的2273篇加拿大新闻文章进行了内容和框架分析。分析显示,减少伤害和治疗是首选的解决办法,而不是刑事定罪,而且主要是公共卫生框架。总体基调是同情和柔和的,总的来说,主要政策选择和阿片类药物危机的框架与过去的毒品流行病形成鲜明对比。
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引用次数: 0
A Plea for the Preservation of Early BASIC Game Programs 关于保存早期BASIC游戏程序的请求
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v18i1.6500
James B. Gerrie
Based on a consideration of the outlooks of the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT), Actor-Network Theory (ANT), as well as theories in the philosophy of technology, this critical essay is an argument for a greater recognition of the need to preserve significant early computer games written in BASIC and to provide improved public access to these programs. Although many of these programs have been preserved and presented to the public by hobbyists, there are significant gaps that have the potential to prevent recognition by future researchers of the pivotal role played by non-corporate actors in the early development of the video-game industry. Such informal efforts at curating these items so that they can be easily accessed are also limited by copyright laws.  Effectively addressing these issues requires increased support from museums and scholarly institutions.
基于对技术的社会建构(SCOT)、行为者网络理论(ANT)以及技术哲学理论的考虑,这篇批判性文章提出了一个论点,即更大程度上认识到有必要保留用BASIC编写的重要的早期电脑游戏,并为公众提供更好的访问这些程序的机会。尽管这些程序中有许多已经被业余爱好者保留下来并呈现给公众,但仍存在着巨大的差距,这可能会阻碍未来的研究人员认识到非企业参与者在电子游戏行业早期发展中所扮演的关键角色。这种非正式的整理这些物品的努力也受到版权法的限制。有效解决这些问题需要博物馆和学术机构提供更多的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Les relations entre le diffuseur public canadien CBC et les producteurs indépendants. Analyse d’une filière audiovisuelle en transformation 加拿大公共广播公司CBC和独立制片人之间的关系。音像产业转型分析
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v18i1.6498
Aimé-Jules Bizimana, O. Kane
L’essor du numérique bouleverse l’économie politique de la production indépendante. Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les liens entre le réseau de langue anglaise du radiodiffuseur public canadien et la production indépendante dans le contexte des mutations technologiques et économiques. L’étude de nature qualitative recourt à l’analyse documentaire et à des entretiens semi-dirigés avec les responsables de la stratégie numérique du réseau public CBC et avec des producteurs indépendants. Le radiodiffuseur public s’adapte au numérique et les façons de faire des producteurs indépendants se modifient aussi dans un nouvel environnement audiovisuel caractérisé par un déséquilibre des rapports de force quant aux ententes commerciales avec la CBC et aux conditions de valorisation du contenu dans un contexte mondialisé.
数字技术的兴起颠覆了独立生产的政治经济。本文的目的是分析在技术和经济变化的背景下,加拿大公共广播公司的英语网络与独立制作之间的联系。定性研究包括文献分析和对CBC公共网络数字战略负责人和独立制片人的半结构化访谈。公共广播公司正在适应数字技术,独立制片人的工作方式也在新的视听环境中发生变化,其特点是在与加拿大广播公司的商业协议方面的权力平衡不平衡,以及在全球化背景下内容定价的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Instagram as a Tool to Counter the Image of Countries as Unsafe: the Case of #LiveLoveLebanon 以 Instagram 为工具反击国家不安全形象:#LiveLoveLebanon 案例
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v18i1.6499
Raphaela Nehme
The emergence of social media has created new means of intercultural engagement. On Instagram, there is a growing trend of travel pages and travel bloggers whose aim is to introduce and share the highlights of the destinations they travel to. Locals in these destinations also wish to portray their country positively and promote it as a tourist destination, particularly in certain countries of the Middle East where there is the added challenge of an ‘unsafe’ image to combat. This research focuses on Lebanon to find out to what extent Instagram can be considered a means to this end, and if users who come across depictions of Lebanon on Instagram perceive the country as a potential tourist destination. The study draws on Said’s conception of the ‘other’ (1978), Hall’s system of representations (1980) and Pieterse’s hybridization paradigm (1996), and it used a mixed methods approach combining surveys and semi-structured interviews with Canadian participants. Findings broadly show that while Instagram can effectively be considered a tool to counter the ‘unsafe’ image of Lebanon, and while the country may be branded as a potential tourist destination to users who come across favorable depictions of it, algorithm restrictions limit the potential for such contents to fulfill their potential as they do not always reach users who perceive Lebanon to be an ‘unsafe’ place.
社交媒体的出现创造了跨文化参与的新手段。在Instagram上,越来越多的旅游页面和旅游博主旨在介绍和分享他们旅行目的地的亮点。这些目的地的当地人也希望积极地描绘他们的国家,并将其推广为旅游目的地,特别是在中东的某些国家,那里有“不安全”形象的额外挑战需要对抗。这项研究的重点是黎巴嫩,以了解Instagram在多大程度上可以被视为实现这一目标的手段,以及在Instagram上看到黎巴嫩描述的用户是否将该国视为潜在的旅游目的地。该研究借鉴了Said的“他者”概念(1978)、Hall的表征系统(1980)和Pieterse的杂交范式(1996),并采用了一种混合方法,结合了对加拿大参与者的调查和半结构化访谈。调查结果广泛表明,虽然Instagram可以有效地被视为对抗黎巴嫩“不安全”形象的工具,虽然这个国家可能被用户打上潜在的旅游目的地的标签,但算法限制限制了这些内容发挥其潜力的潜力,因为它们并不总是到达那些认为黎巴嫩是一个“不安全”的地方的用户。
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引用次数: 0
David Taras and Ralph Klein (2020). The End of the CBC? University of Toronto Press, 240 pages. 大卫·塔拉斯和拉尔夫·克莱因(2020)。CBC的终结?多伦多大学出版社,240页。
Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.18192/CJMS-RCEM.V17I1.5884
Simon St-Denis
Book review.
书评。
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引用次数: 0
Langue et identité chez les joueurs franco-ontariens 法国-安大略球员的语言和身份
Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.18192/CJMS-RCEM.V17I1.5880
Geoffroy Legault-Thivierge, P. Ross
Plusieurs recherches au fil des ans se sont penchées sur la consommation médiatique des Franco-Ontariens et les enjeux qui y sont reliés, notamment celui de la préservation de la langue française et de l’identité francophone dans un contexte minoritaire. La situation mérite une attention renouvelée aujourd’hui, vu la place qu’occupent le jeu vidéo et les pratiques de communication qui l’accompagnent dans le paysage médiatique. Notre objectif dans cet article est double : dresser un portrait actuel des usages et pratiques des jeunes Franco-Ontariens autour du jeu vidéo, et en explorer l’incidence sur les dynamiques linguistiques et identitaires. Notre recherche s’inspire de la sociologie des usages et mobilise deux méthodes : un sondage sous forme de questionnaire en ligne auquel ont répondu 33 joueurs franco-ontariens âgés de 18 à 22 ans; et des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de six de ces derniers. L’analyse révèle que les joueurs franco-ontariens continuent de favoriser l’anglais dans leur consommation médiatique et que cette tendance vaut aussi pour le jeu vidéo, notamment en ce qui a trait aux aspects matériels, à la communication en situation de jeu, ainsi qu’à la consommation et à la production de contenus connexes. Les joueurs franco-ontariens attribuent par ailleurs au jeu vidéo une amélioration de leurs compétences en anglais et ils s’identifient davantage au terme « bilingue » que « francophone ».
多年来,一些研究集中在安大略省人的媒体消费及其相关问题上,特别是在少数民族背景下保存法语和法语身份的问题。鉴于电子游戏及其传播实践在媒体环境中的地位,这种情况值得重新关注。在这篇文章中,我们的目标是双重的:描绘法国-安大略年轻人在电子游戏方面的使用和实践的现状,并探索它对语言和身份动态的影响。我们的研究受到使用社会学的启发,采用了两种方法:一种是在线问卷调查,33名法国-安大略球员回答,年龄在18岁到22岁之间;以及对其中6人的半结构化访谈。分析显示franco-ontariens球员仍然在他们的媒体消费促进英语,而且这种趋势也适用于电子游戏,尤其是在涉及硬件方面,游戏进行交流的情况,以及相关的内容生产和消费。法国-安大略的玩家也认为电子游戏提高了他们的英语技能,他们更认同“双语”而不是“法语”。
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引用次数: 0
From Canada to Brazil: a Model of Society's Participation in Communication Policy Debate? 从加拿大到巴西:社会参与传播政策辩论的典范?
Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v16i1.6455
E. Rebouças
This study observes and analyses how Canada and Brazil are experiencing similar situations with respect to communications issues. Understanding that public hearings are the ideal locus for debating specific public policies, the Royal Commissions of Inquiry targeted at the cultural and media industries sectors were chosen as corpus for analysis. The intention here is to do more than merely describe those commissions’ activities; instead, it is to explore their unfolding, attempting to identify the interplay of the relations and interests involved. This study adopts the theoretical perspectives of Political Economy of Communications and of Cultural and Media Industries. The article proposal assumes that the Canadian model of public hearings might be applied to Brazil. Its conclusions indicate a crisis in which society in general has no interest in joining debates on media-related issues, reflecting the State’s failure to defend the public interest and a strong private lobby to influence those debates results.
本研究观察和分析了加拿大和巴西在通信问题方面的类似情况。考虑到公开听证会是讨论具体公共政策的理想场所,我们选择了针对文化和媒体行业部门的皇家调查委员会作为分析的主体。这里的意图不仅仅是描述这些委员会的活动;相反,它是探索它们的展开,试图确定所涉及的关系和利益的相互作用。本研究采用传播政治经济学和文化传媒产业的理论视角。这条建议假定加拿大的公开听证模式可能适用于巴西。报告的结论表明,社会普遍没有兴趣参加有关媒体问题的辩论,这反映出国家未能捍卫公众利益,以及一个强大的私人游说团体试图影响这些辩论的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media, the Folk, and Bizarre Stories of Nova Scotia 新斯科舍省的社交媒体、民间和奇异故事
Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v16i1.6456
M. Hayes, L. Mackinnon
This essay recounts a number of so-called “bizarre” news reports from Nova Scotia, and the reactions to them on social media, as a means of exploring the fruitfulness of a digital history approach to regionalism and the idea of the provincial “Folk.” Such stories might be considered a contemporary manifestation of the Folk - albeit one that is presented through a digital medium that creates opportunities for cultural producers and consumers to enter into conversation about the style, context, and meaning of such representations. The essay is exploratory and offers some tentative conclusions - particularly that the phenomenon of "bizarre" news reports from the province is very heavily affected by class conflict, but that social media allows a new generation of cultural producers the means to talk back to Folk representations of Nova Scotia. However, the essay is largely concerned with making a connection between media studies of what has been called “convergence culture” and more traditional studies of Atlantic Canadian society and culture.
本文叙述了来自新斯科舍省的一些所谓的“奇怪”新闻报道,以及社交媒体上对这些报道的反应,以此作为一种探索数字历史方法对地方主义和省级“民间”概念的丰硕成果的手段。这样的故事可以被认为是民间的当代表现形式——尽管是通过数字媒体呈现的,这为文化生产者和消费者创造了机会,让他们就这种表现形式的风格、背景和意义展开对话。这篇文章是探索性的,并提供了一些尝试性的结论——特别是来自该省的“怪异”新闻报道现象受到阶级冲突的严重影响,但社交媒体为新一代文化生产者提供了反击新斯科舍省民间代表的手段。然而,这篇文章主要关注的是将所谓的“融合文化”的媒体研究与大西洋加拿大社会和文化的更传统的研究联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Conspiracy to Commit Murder? Canadian Newspaper Trades and Closures, 2010-2017 共谋谋杀?加拿大报纸贸易与倒闭,2010-2017
Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v16i1.6454
Marc W. Edge
Newspaper companies in both Eastern and Western Canada have engaged in anti-competitive behaviour since 2010 by exchanging titles, increasingly through trades, and then closing them to create more lucrative local monopolies. This phenomenon reached its height in late 2017 when the country’s two largest chains, Postmedia Network and Torstar Inc., traded 41 mostly Ontario titles and closed almost all of them. The chains claimed there was no collusion involved, but a Competition Bureau investigation reportedly found detailed memos and non-compete agreements. The British Columbia chains Black Press and Glacier Media also engaged in this type of consolidation in the first half of the decade without legal consequence. Including non-daily community newspapers, Black Press and Glacier Media closed or merged twenty-four of the thirty-three titles they exchanged from 2010-2014, or a competitor one of them already owned. While this would appear to be classic anti-competitive behaviour, their dealings went without investigation by the Competition Bureau. This points up the laxity of Canada’s antitrust laws in dealing with newspaper mergers and takeovers.
自2010年以来,加拿大东部和西部的报纸公司都从事反竞争行为,越来越多地通过交易交换标题,然后关闭它们,以创造更有利可图的地方垄断。这种现象在2017年底达到了顶峰,当时加拿大最大的两家连锁媒体Postmedia Network和Torstar Inc.交易了41家报纸,其中大部分是安大略省的报纸,并几乎全部关闭。这些连锁店声称没有勾结,但据报道,竞争局的调查发现了详细的备忘录和竞业禁止协议。不列颠哥伦比亚省的连锁媒体Black Press和Glacier Media也在这十年的前五年进行了这种类型的合并,但没有法律后果。包括非每日社区报纸在内,Black Press和Glacier Media关闭或合并了他们在2010-2014年间交换的33份报纸中的24份,或者其中一份已经拥有的竞争对手。尽管这看起来是典型的反竞争行为,但他们的交易并未受到竞争局的调查。这凸显了加拿大反托拉斯法在处理报纸合并和收购方面的松懈。
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引用次数: 1
Canadian Communication Studies and Experiential Learning 加拿大传播研究与体验式学习
Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.18192/cjmsrcem.v16i1.6453
S. Smeltzer
In this article, I provide an environmental scan of experiential learning (EL) activities – internships, community engaged learning, co-ops, and practicum placements – offered by Canadian communication / media studies programs. These forms of ‘hands-on’ pedagogy can provide students with an opportunity to put their academic training into practice, to gain ‘in the field’ experience, and to collaborate with myriad community partners. However, the growth of EL must be contextualized within the neoliberalization of higher education in Canada, including concerns that universities are being cultivated as utilitarian conduits for job preparedness in a capitalist society. With the demand for EL opportunities unlikely to diminish, I argue that our field needs to proactively engage in determining the future of this form of pedagogy and ensure that it is ethical for all involved in the process. This discussion is informed by anonymous, semi-structured interviews I conducted with faculty, staff, students, and community partners associated with a selection of communication / media studies programs in three Canadian provinces. Further, I highlight recent shifts that have taken place in Ontario vis-à-vis EL as a case study to demonstrate the fast and furious policy changes underway at a provincial level.
在这篇文章中,我提供了加拿大传播/媒体研究项目提供的体验式学习(EL)活动的环境扫描-实习,社区参与学习,合作和实习安置。这些形式的“动手”教学法可以为学生提供将他们的学术培训付诸实践的机会,获得“实地”经验,并与无数社区合作伙伴合作。然而,英语学习的增长必须在加拿大高等教育新自由主义化的背景下进行,包括担心大学正在被培养成资本主义社会中就业准备的功利主义渠道。由于对EL机会的需求不太可能减少,我认为我们的领域需要积极参与确定这种教学形式的未来,并确保它对所有参与过程的人都是合乎道德的。我对加拿大三个省的一些传播/媒体研究项目的教职员工、学生和社区合作伙伴进行了匿名、半结构化的采访,为本文的讨论提供了信息。此外,我强调了最近在安大略省发生的转变,以-à-vis EL为例研究,以展示省一级正在进行的快速而激烈的政策变化。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Canadian Journal of Media Studies
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