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Journal of Jewish Ethics最新文献

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Three Ethical Mystics 三个道德神秘主义者
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jjewiethi.5.1.0111
Goodman
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引用次数: 0
“All That Is in the Settlement” 《和解协议中的一切》
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/JJEWIETHI.5.1.0001
Neis
While biologists argue about the limits and definition of a species, the urge to cluster and distinguish among the plenitude of lifeforms that populates the planet remains. Contemporary anxieties about attempts to clone monkeys and to engineer humanporcine chimeras point to concerns about species boundaries, resemblances, and causing suffering to other creatures. The fears about resemblances (and attendant slippery slope concerns) relate to how humans may be implicated. Such concerns about resemblances among kinds, the boundaries between species, and attempts to uphold distinctions, populated ancient zoological and anthropological thought, including that of the rabbis. While the rabbis drew on tselem elohim to theorize human reproduction and uniqueness, this article traces an alternative Rachel Rafael Neis University of Michigan This content downloaded from 129.105.29.211 on Tue, 03 Sep 2019 21:34:39 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 2 | jouRNal of jewish ethics JJE 5.1_01_Neis.indd Page 2 24/07/19 5:03 PM zoological vision that integrated humans among other kinds, while explaining resemblances among species with a theory of territorial doubles. This theory of territorial doubles claimed that all creatures—including humans—have versions that exist in the wild and in the sea. On the twenty-fourth of January 2018, the science journal Cell published a study by Zhen Liu et al. that described attempts to clone macaque monkeys. As the authors put it, “As species closer to humans, non-human primates are ideal animal models for studying physiological functions unique to primates and for developing therapeutic treatments of human diseases” (Liu et al. 2018, 881). Out of the total of seventy-seven attempts, only four macaque monkeys were born: two of the four died shortly after delivery. Many of the photos accompanying the publicity and reporting displayed the two remaining monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, scampering in their small enclosure or lolling around with a large Hello Kitty doll or other stuffed toys. In their article and in interviews the scientists stressed the benefits for research into human diseases, noting, There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality . . . However, our research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; we absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit, this work to be extended to humans. (“Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua: First Primates Born Using Dolly the Sheep Cloning Method,” The Guardian, January 24, 2018) This dual emphasis on the closeness of monkeys to humans, their potential for being able to “model” human diseases, alongside the concern that scientists might be close to cloning humans, was prevalent in the reporting on this research (e.g., “First Monkey Clones Created in Chinese Laboratory,” BBC News, 24 January 2018). Some reports also addressed ethical concerns about the treatment of the monkeys themselv
虽然生物学家争论物种的界限和定义,但在地球上丰富的生命形式中聚集和区分的冲动仍然存在。当代对试图克隆猴子和设计人猪嵌合体的担忧,指向了对物种边界、相似性以及对其他生物造成痛苦的担忧。对相似性的恐惧(以及随之而来的滑坡效应担忧)与人类可能受到的影响有关。这种对物种之间的相似性、物种之间的界限的关注,以及维护差异的尝试,充斥着古代动物学和人类学的思想,包括拉比们的思想。虽然拉比们利用tselem elohim来理论人类繁殖和独特性,但本文追溯了另一个雷切尔·拉斐尔·奈斯密歇根大学的内容下载自129.105.29.211,星期二,2019年9月3日21:34:39 UTC所有使用均受https://about.jstor.org/terms 2 |犹太伦理学杂志JJE 5.1 1_01_奈斯。将人类与其他物种结合在一起的动物学视觉,同时用领土双重理论解释物种之间的相似性。这种领土双重理论声称,包括人类在内的所有生物,在野外和海洋中都有各自的版本。2018年1月24日,科学杂志《细胞》(Cell)发表了刘震等人的一项研究,描述了克隆猕猴的尝试。正如作者所说,“作为更接近人类的物种,非人类灵长类动物是研究灵长类动物独特生理功能和开发人类疾病治疗方法的理想动物模型”(Liu et al. 2018,881)。在总共77次尝试中,只有4只猕猴出生,其中2只在分娩后不久死亡。随着宣传和报道的发布,许多照片都显示了剩下的两只猴子,“中中”和“华华”,在它们的小围栏里蹦蹦跳跳,或者懒洋洋地抱着一个大大的Hello Kitty娃娃或其他填充玩具。在他们的文章和采访中,科学家们强调了对人类疾病研究的好处,并指出:“现在克隆灵长类动物没有障碍,因此克隆人类更接近现实……”然而,我们的研究目的完全是为了制造非人类灵长类动物模型来治疗人类疾病;我们绝对无意,社会也不会允许,把这项工作推广到人类身上。(英国《卫报》,2018年1月24日,《中中和华华:首个使用克隆羊方法克隆多利出生的灵长类动物》)在这项研究的报道中,这种双重强调猴子与人类的亲密关系,它们能够“模拟”人类疾病的潜力,以及科学家可能接近克隆人类的担忧,在这项研究中普遍存在(例如,《中国实验室首次克隆猴子》,BBC新闻,2018年1月24日)。一些报道还提到了对猴子自身待遇的伦理担忧。研究人员解决了这个问题,澄清说他们遵循了美国国立卫生研究院的动物研究指导方针(“动物伦理:中国著名的克隆猴子会发生什么?”)。《新闻周刊》,2018年2月9日。克隆猴子的想法和事实在很大程度上是通过它们与人类的关系来处理的,无论是从科学、伦理还是世俗的角度来看。此内容下载自129.105.29.211,星期二,2019年9月3日21:34:39 UTC所有内容以https://about.jstor.org/terms为准
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引用次数: 3
Hermann Cohen on Compassion: A Cognitivist Take on the Peculiarly Religious Emotion 赫尔曼·科恩论同情心:一种认知主义者对特殊宗教情感的看法
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jjewiethi.5.2.0207
Ricciardi
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the Quest for the Cure: Forging Disability-Sensitive Jewish Bioethics 超越对治愈的追求:塑造对残疾敏感的犹太生物伦理学
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jjewiethi.5.2.0161
Belser
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Jewish Ethics
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