Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-6-2-val
S. Hanaba
The purpose of the article is to understand the lessons of history from the standpoint of human values and to emphasize the heritage of the past as a social resource capable of fostering understanding, tolerance, complicity and contributing to the solution of contemporary social problems. The methodological basis is the use of socio-philosophical analysis to characterize the historical process as the interaction of two principles: objectively determined and subjectively volitional. The axiological approach helped to analyse the educational potential of history in the modern world practices and to present education as a space of freedom in a person’s self-development. The scholar underlines that the change of historical eras causes a change in the established system of values. It is about the process of revaluation and the value system ‘creation’. No historical fact can be explained and evaluated beyond its historical time. The understanding of the past including its value system in the realities of the modern world determines the understanding of a person as a development system, which is carried out on the basis of the cultural-historical experience of a particular society. The formation of a new system of values and moral-ethical priorities of each historical era does not occur from scratch. The universal human virtues tested by time and sanctified by history serve as a basis for revising and creating worldview and value standards of a specific historical era. They appear to be a spiritual capital of humanity, accumulated over millennia, which will never depreciate, but on the contrary, will gain more value. The reference point in all historical processes is a person. The person is considered to be an active agent of history, who does not create his life under the influence of objective laws and external factors, but who combines his own intentions with the worldview and value orientations of his time. The basis of the historical reality manifestation is determined by the multifaceted nature of human existence. A picture of the past is created from small particles of historical events, individual touches, memories, a mosaic set of human perception of the world, which is more reliable, because it carries the ‘human spirit’. The focus of the scholar’s attention is the world of the unique and unrepeatable, and not the general and theoretically modelled one. Education built on the intentions of tolerance is designed to contribute to the formation of an individual capable of caring about the universal pain of human problems, to cultivate involvement as an important component of worldview mobility.
{"title":"The Value of Historical Knowledge for the Modern World","authors":"S. Hanaba","doi":"10.53656/his2023-6-2-val","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-6-2-val","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to understand the lessons of history from the standpoint of human values and to emphasize the heritage of the past as a social resource capable of fostering understanding, tolerance, complicity and contributing to the solution of contemporary social problems. The methodological basis is the use of socio-philosophical analysis to characterize the historical process as the interaction of two principles: objectively determined and subjectively volitional. The axiological approach helped to analyse the educational potential of history in the modern world practices and to present education as a space of freedom in a person’s self-development. The scholar underlines that the change of historical eras causes a change in the established system of values. It is about the process of revaluation and the value system ‘creation’. No historical fact can be explained and evaluated beyond its historical time. The understanding of the past including its value system in the realities of the modern world determines the understanding of a person as a development system, which is carried out on the basis of the cultural-historical experience of a particular society. The formation of a new system of values and moral-ethical priorities of each historical era does not occur from scratch. The universal human virtues tested by time and sanctified by history serve as a basis for revising and creating worldview and value standards of a specific historical era. They appear to be a spiritual capital of humanity, accumulated over millennia, which will never depreciate, but on the contrary, will gain more value. The reference point in all historical processes is a person. The person is considered to be an active agent of history, who does not create his life under the influence of objective laws and external factors, but who combines his own intentions with the worldview and value orientations of his time. The basis of the historical reality manifestation is determined by the multifaceted nature of human existence. A picture of the past is created from small particles of historical events, individual touches, memories, a mosaic set of human perception of the world, which is more reliable, because it carries the ‘human spirit’. The focus of the scholar’s attention is the world of the unique and unrepeatable, and not the general and theoretically modelled one. Education built on the intentions of tolerance is designed to contribute to the formation of an individual capable of caring about the universal pain of human problems, to cultivate involvement as an important component of worldview mobility.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-2-gre
Yura Konstantinova
The aim of the proposed study is to trace the creation and the development of the Greek consular network in Bulgaria in the second half of the 19th century. The topic has not been the subject of scientific research so far, but is important for understanding the unequal positions with which the Balkan states enter the period of their independent existence. The study of the Greek consular network on the Balkans also makes it possible to outline the priorities in Athens’ foreign policy, as well as to trace the importance it assigns to its compatriots left outside the borders of the free Greek state. Last but not least, it is of interest to Greece to fight to preserve the privileged status it enjoys under the regime of capitulations. However, this effort creates serious problems in Greece’s bilateral relations with the Ottoman Empire and with Bulgaria in post-liberation period.
{"title":"The Greek Consular Network in Bulgarian Lands before The Liberation","authors":"Yura Konstantinova","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-2-gre","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-2-gre","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the proposed study is to trace the creation and the development of the Greek consular network in Bulgaria in the second half of the 19th century. The topic has not been the subject of scientific research so far, but is important for understanding the unequal positions with which the Balkan states enter the period of their independent existence. The study of the Greek consular network on the Balkans also makes it possible to outline the priorities in Athens’ foreign policy, as well as to trace the importance it assigns to its compatriots left outside the borders of the free Greek state. Last but not least, it is of interest to Greece to fight to preserve the privileged status it enjoys under the regime of capitulations. However, this effort creates serious problems in Greece’s bilateral relations with the Ottoman Empire and with Bulgaria in post-liberation period.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-5-the
Stefan Kamenski
The article presents the procedure for the conclusion of peace treaties with the five former satellites of Nazi Germany after the end of the Second World War. The paper uses the methodology of the historical and legal analysis. The focus is on the accessible State Department archives for the Potsdam Conference of the Big Three, the first session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in London, and the December 1945 conference of the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, the United States, and the United Kingdom in Moscow. The negotiations between the three Great Powers leading to the decision to hold the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 are examined. Conclusions are made about how the USA, the United Kingdom and the USSR did not spare efforts to maintain complete control over the process without allowing other powers to interfere.
{"title":"The East-West Procedural Conflict over the 1946 Paris Peace Conference","authors":"Stefan Kamenski","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-5-the","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-5-the","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the procedure for the conclusion of peace treaties with the five former satellites of Nazi Germany after the end of the Second World War. The paper uses the methodology of the historical and legal analysis. The focus is on the accessible State Department archives for the Potsdam Conference of the Big Three, the first session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in London, and the December 1945 conference of the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, the United States, and the United Kingdom in Moscow. The negotiations between the three Great Powers leading to the decision to hold the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 are examined. Conclusions are made about how the USA, the United Kingdom and the USSR did not spare efforts to maintain complete control over the process without allowing other powers to interfere.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-9-wid
Bisser Petrov
{"title":"A Broad Vision of Bulgarian History in the First Half of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Bisser Petrov","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-9-wid","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-9-wid","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-4-bui
Angel Zlatkov
The article examines the challenges in the construction of the network of Bulgarian trade agencies in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century. Although they officially have consular functions, the Bulgarian representations are an important part of Prime Minister Dr. Konstantin Stoilov’s strategy for solving the Bulgarian national question and the accession of Macedonia to the Principality of Bulgaria. Their task is to counteract the development of foreign propaganda in European Turkey and to become a coordination and management center of Bulgarian legal and illegal organizations. Therefore, the Bulgarian trade agents encountered opposition not only from the Ottoman authorities, but also from the consuls of the neighboring Balkan states and Russia – contenders for the distribution of the Ottoman heritage in the Balkans. The author uses the rich archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Denominations in Sofia to show the solutions of the Prime Minister to the main problems and to analyze the result of their implementation.
{"title":"Building the Network of Bulgarian Trade Agencies in the Ottoman Empire at the End of the 19th Century – Challenges, Problems, Solutions","authors":"Angel Zlatkov","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-4-bui","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-4-bui","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the challenges in the construction of the network of Bulgarian trade agencies in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century. Although they officially have consular functions, the Bulgarian representations are an important part of Prime Minister Dr. Konstantin Stoilov’s strategy for solving the Bulgarian national question and the accession of Macedonia to the Principality of Bulgaria. Their task is to counteract the development of foreign propaganda in European Turkey and to become a coordination and management center of Bulgarian legal and illegal organizations. Therefore, the Bulgarian trade agents encountered opposition not only from the Ottoman authorities, but also from the consuls of the neighboring Balkan states and Russia – contenders for the distribution of the Ottoman heritage in the Balkans. The author uses the rich archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Denominations in Sofia to show the solutions of the Prime Minister to the main problems and to analyze the result of their implementation.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-7-rak
Vera Boneva
{"title":"The Famous Rakovski: The Revivаl Figure in the Light of Newly Discovered Ottoman Archive Sources","authors":"Vera Boneva","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-7-rak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-7-rak","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-3-leg
Aleka Strezova
The article examines the legal regulation of the service in the Bulgarian trade agencies/consulates for the period from 1891 to 1918. The attempts at bilateral negotiations on the subject with the Ottoman Empire are examined, the two normative acts fixing the rights and duties of the consular representatives are highlighted: the Regulations for the Organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1897) and the Law on the Structure and Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1907). A detailed structure of the royal consulates can also be traced in the state budgets, where staffing and assignments are detailed. The departmental legislation set the framework for a modern consular service on a par with other European countries.
{"title":"Legal Framework of Bulgarian Trade Agencies and Consulates (1891 – 1918)","authors":"Aleka Strezova","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-3-leg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-3-leg","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the legal regulation of the service in the Bulgarian trade agencies/consulates for the period from 1891 to 1918. The attempts at bilateral negotiations on the subject with the Ottoman Empire are examined, the two normative acts fixing the rights and duties of the consular representatives are highlighted: the Regulations for the Organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1897) and the Law on the Structure and Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1907). A detailed structure of the royal consulates can also be traced in the state budgets, where staffing and assignments are detailed. The departmental legislation set the framework for a modern consular service on a par with other European countries.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-6-mer
Emilia Vitanova
The purpose of the present research is aimed at presenting new information related to the activities of Stefan Chaprashikov and his role in conducting the first Olympic torch relay for the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936. Several areas for gathering information are covered: research of foreign literature, review of all publications of Bulgarian researchers in the field of the Olympic movement in Bulgaria, which present information on the subject. In terms of methodology, all information found in scientific and popular sources is systematized and processed on the basis of the biographical method, content analysis, comparative and critical analysis. This publication presents newly discovered information, in three articles from periodicals and in two official BOK documents, which present information that the idea of holding the first torch relay was Stefan Chaprashikov’s. These findings will shed light on the history of the Olympic movement in Bulgaria and will form a new perspective in discussions on the topic discussed by other contemporary researchers of the Olympic movement.
{"title":"The Merit of Stefan Chaprashikov for Carrying the Olympic Flame in 1936]","authors":"Emilia Vitanova","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-6-mer","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-6-mer","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present research is aimed at presenting new information related to the activities of Stefan Chaprashikov and his role in conducting the first Olympic torch relay for the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936. Several areas for gathering information are covered: research of foreign literature, review of all publications of Bulgarian researchers in the field of the Olympic movement in Bulgaria, which present information on the subject. In terms of methodology, all information found in scientific and popular sources is systematized and processed on the basis of the biographical method, content analysis, comparative and critical analysis. This publication presents newly discovered information, in three articles from periodicals and in two official BOK documents, which present information that the idea of holding the first torch relay was Stefan Chaprashikov’s. These findings will shed light on the history of the Olympic movement in Bulgaria and will form a new perspective in discussions on the topic discussed by other contemporary researchers of the Olympic movement.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.53656/his2023-5-1-ser
Simeon Simeonov
This article examines the brief history of the Serbian consulate in Serres in 1897–1899 as a failed attempt at state-building. Drawing on evidence from recently published materials by the Serbian State Archives, the article argues that the Serbian consuls in Serres, Branislav Nušić and Sima Avramović, played an important role in the efforts to promote Serbian national identity and defend Serbian political interests in Ottoman Macedonia. The consulate in Serres was part of an expanding Serbian diplomatic network in Macedonia, which proved instrumental to other Serbian initiatives, such as the creation of new schools and the appointment of Serbian priests in the region. The Serbian consular activities in Serres formed an aspect of a wide-ranging transnational strategy of deploying consulates across Macedonia in the wake of the Serbian-Bulgarian War of 1885. Such institutions served to advance national interests and protect national subjects outside the borders of the fledgling Balkan states. Reviewing recent scholarship on Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece, the article concludes by comparing the Serbian example to those of other Balkan nations and suggesting further venues for comparative and entangled historical research.
{"title":"Are There Serbs in Serres? The Serbian Consulate in Serres and The Macedonian Question at The Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Simeon Simeonov","doi":"10.53656/his2023-5-1-ser","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2023-5-1-ser","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the brief history of the Serbian consulate in Serres in 1897–1899 as a failed attempt at state-building. Drawing on evidence from recently published materials by the Serbian State Archives, the article argues that the Serbian consuls in Serres, Branislav Nušić and Sima Avramović, played an important role in the efforts to promote Serbian national identity and defend Serbian political interests in Ottoman Macedonia. The consulate in Serres was part of an expanding Serbian diplomatic network in Macedonia, which proved instrumental to other Serbian initiatives, such as the creation of new schools and the appointment of Serbian priests in the region. The Serbian consular activities in Serres formed an aspect of a wide-ranging transnational strategy of deploying consulates across Macedonia in the wake of the Serbian-Bulgarian War of 1885. Such institutions served to advance national interests and protect national subjects outside the borders of the fledgling Balkan states. Reviewing recent scholarship on Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece, the article concludes by comparing the Serbian example to those of other Balkan nations and suggesting further venues for comparative and entangled historical research.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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