Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.53656/his2022-5-1-obs
Krastyo Yordanov
On the basis of several unpublished registers, the article examines the real practice of official Voynuk land ownership. The historical-legal analysis is applied in the research work. According to law, Voynuk farms were exempt from land taxes, but were part of the state land fund. However, the Voynuk baştina differed from the Rayet çiftlik and baştina not only in that it also included vineyards, gardens and even houses, but the sizes of the fields were often smaller than the legal norms for a pair of arable land. This can be explained by the fact that these areas were sufficient for the sustenance of a Voynuk household, since the considered category of population was exempt from land taxes and jizyah. However, as early as the 16th century, a property differentiation was gradually created between the Voynuks and a thin layer of wealthy owners of service lands stood out. They expanded their arable lands both by unregulated means, entering in the timar land, and through perhaps perfectly legal transactions for the transfer of shares of arable land between the Voynuks themselves.
{"title":"Observations on the Voynuk Economy in the Filibe and Tatar Pazardzhik Kazas in the 16th – the Beginning of the 17th Centuries","authors":"Krastyo Yordanov","doi":"10.53656/his2022-5-1-obs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-5-1-obs","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of several unpublished registers, the article examines the real practice of official Voynuk land ownership. The historical-legal analysis is applied in the research work. According to law, Voynuk farms were exempt from land taxes, but were part of the state land fund. However, the Voynuk baştina differed from the Rayet çiftlik and baştina not only in that it also included vineyards, gardens and even houses, but the sizes of the fields were often smaller than the legal norms for a pair of arable land. This can be explained by the fact that these areas were sufficient for the sustenance of a Voynuk household, since the considered category of population was exempt from land taxes and jizyah. However, as early as the 16th century, a property differentiation was gradually created between the Voynuks and a thin layer of wealthy owners of service lands stood out. They expanded their arable lands both by unregulated means, entering in the timar land, and through perhaps perfectly legal transactions for the transfer of shares of arable land between the Voynuks themselves.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81969068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.53656/his2022-5-8-red
Rositsa Stoyanova
{"title":"A Narrative about The Rise of the Modern Bulgarian","authors":"Rositsa Stoyanova","doi":"10.53656/his2022-5-8-red","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-5-8-red","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"83 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89603858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.53656/his2022-5-2-the
V. Stoyanova
The article examines Bulgaria's attempt at the Lausanne Conference (1922 – 1923) to remove the East Thracian problem from the sphere of Bulgarian- Turkish negotiations and to link its solution with the Great Powers through an international treaty. The refusal of the Turkish delegation to discuss the problem at the international forum diverted it to the field of bilateral Bulgarian-Turkish relations. The obligatory population exchange between Greece and Turkey, adopted by the Lausanne Conference, left no room for hopes for the Bulgarian refugees to return to Eastern Thrace. The Treaty of Lausanne Treaty became the defining document for the rights and freedoms of non-Muslim minorities on Turkish territory, including the Bulgarians remaining within the borders of the Turkish Republic.
{"title":"The Problem of Eastern Thrace at the Lausanne Conference","authors":"V. Stoyanova","doi":"10.53656/his2022-5-2-the","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-5-2-the","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines Bulgaria's attempt at the Lausanne Conference (1922 – 1923) to remove the East Thracian problem from the sphere of Bulgarian- Turkish negotiations and to link its solution with the Great Powers through an international treaty. The refusal of the Turkish delegation to discuss the problem at the international forum diverted it to the field of bilateral Bulgarian-Turkish relations. The obligatory population exchange between Greece and Turkey, adopted by the Lausanne Conference, left no room for hopes for the Bulgarian refugees to return to Eastern Thrace. The Treaty of Lausanne Treaty became the defining document for the rights and freedoms of non-Muslim minorities on Turkish territory, including the Bulgarians remaining within the borders of the Turkish Republic.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86178960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.53656/his2022-5-7-nar
Ivayla Popova
{"title":"A New Study on Feudalism in The Balkans","authors":"Ivayla Popova","doi":"10.53656/his2022-5-7-nar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-5-7-nar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76540686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.53656/his2022-5-4-ref
P. Petkov
The purpose of this article is to identify the place and the particular aspects of the Historical and Legal Method as a tool used in scientific research. In order to achieve this purpose, the ‘Analysis’ and ‘Summary’ Methods have been applied. In particular, a juxtaposition was also used when comparing the “Historical and Legal Analysis” with its variety of “Comparative Historical and Legal Analysis”. The productiveness of this method has also been established not only in legal but also in historical research. The spontaneous application of the latter in historical science was also ascertained. For the first time, the benefit of using the method as an interdisciplinary research tool on the watershed between law and history has been revealed in the theory.
{"title":"With Reference to the Issue of the Historical and Legal Analysis as a Method of Research","authors":"P. Petkov","doi":"10.53656/his2022-5-4-ref","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-5-4-ref","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to identify the place and the particular aspects of the Historical and Legal Method as a tool used in scientific research. In order to achieve this purpose, the ‘Analysis’ and ‘Summary’ Methods have been applied. In particular, a juxtaposition was also used when comparing the “Historical and Legal Analysis” with its variety of “Comparative Historical and Legal Analysis”. The productiveness of this method has also been established not only in legal but also in historical research. The spontaneous application of the latter in historical science was also ascertained. For the first time, the benefit of using the method as an interdisciplinary research tool on the watershed between law and history has been revealed in the theory.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90141016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.53656/his2022-4-2-exp
A. Stoyanova
The Black Death from the mid-14th century initiated a long series of recurrences of the disease with significant effects on the affected human societies. The current article explores the awareness of the plague epidemics and the experiences made by the Habsburg diplomatic representatives in Istanbul from the mid-1560s to the early 1590s. In the early modern Ottoman empire plague was a persistent and disturbing part of life, recurring at unpredictable intervals and affecting all levels of society. The studied correspondences demonstrate the common measures the diplomats took to protect themselves and their servants in times of plague outbreaks. The letters contain sporadic descriptions of various diseases. Besides the recurring plague epidemics, the diplomats mention and describe other illnesses which also caused fevers and were recognized as highly contagious but seem to be distinguished from the plague. The epidemiological experience of the residents in Istanbul is worthy of scholarly attention since the disease descriptions preserved in diplomatic letters could play a supplementary role in the establishment of a detailed plague chronology of the Ottoman capital.
{"title":"Plague in Early Modern Istanbul: The Experience of the Habsburg Resident Ambassadors, 1560s – 1590s","authors":"A. Stoyanova","doi":"10.53656/his2022-4-2-exp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-4-2-exp","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Death from the mid-14th century initiated a long series of recurrences of the disease with significant effects on the affected human societies. The current article explores the awareness of the plague epidemics and the experiences made by the Habsburg diplomatic representatives in Istanbul from the mid-1560s to the early 1590s. In the early modern Ottoman empire plague was a persistent and disturbing part of life, recurring at unpredictable intervals and affecting all levels of society. The studied correspondences demonstrate the common measures the diplomats took to protect themselves and their servants in times of plague outbreaks. The letters contain sporadic descriptions of various diseases. Besides the recurring plague epidemics, the diplomats mention and describe other illnesses which also caused fevers and were recognized as highly contagious but seem to be distinguished from the plague. The epidemiological experience of the residents in Istanbul is worthy of scholarly attention since the disease descriptions preserved in diplomatic letters could play a supplementary role in the establishment of a detailed plague chronology of the Ottoman capital.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85873088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.53656/his2022-4-1-abo
Veselin Goranchev
The publication is aimed at clarifying a hitherto unexplored topic, namely the early business activity of Evstati Selveli. By the term “early business activity” the author of the study means the period before the establishment of a joint partnership between Evstati Seleveli and hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev in 1841. The publication also provides information about the earliest, known at least for now, partners of Evstati Selveli – Evstati Andrea and Atanas hadji Nikolau (Nikolov). Information on these issues is derived from unknown and hitherto untranslated Greek-language documents. A certain exception are the cited in the study kondika of the Hellenic school in Tarnovo, read and translated by Vladimir Vladov and codes of the Holy Metropolis of Tarnovo, which are annotated and retold by Acad. Ivan Snegarov. So far, several authors have written about the origin and family environment of Atanas hadji Nikolau. The most complete, in this aspect, is the study of Elena Statelova which is dedicated to the history of the Panitsa family. Unfortunately, it is not known, at least to the author of the publication, if any of the researchers have found that this particular ancestor of the Panitsa family (his heirs adopted the surname Panitsa around 1879) was one of the earliest partners in the business of Evstati Selveli.
{"title":"[About the Early Business Activity of the Revival Entrepreneur Evstati Selveli and His Material and Financial Condition during This Period","authors":"Veselin Goranchev","doi":"10.53656/his2022-4-1-abo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-4-1-abo","url":null,"abstract":"The publication is aimed at clarifying a hitherto unexplored topic, namely the early business activity of Evstati Selveli. By the term “early business activity” the author of the study means the period before the establishment of a joint partnership between Evstati Seleveli and hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev in 1841. The publication also provides information about the earliest, known at least for now, partners of Evstati Selveli – Evstati Andrea and Atanas hadji Nikolau (Nikolov). Information on these issues is derived from unknown and hitherto untranslated Greek-language documents. A certain exception are the cited in the study kondika of the Hellenic school in Tarnovo, read and translated by Vladimir Vladov and codes of the Holy Metropolis of Tarnovo, which are annotated and retold by Acad. Ivan Snegarov. So far, several authors have written about the origin and family environment of Atanas hadji Nikolau. The most complete, in this aspect, is the study of Elena Statelova which is dedicated to the history of the Panitsa family. Unfortunately, it is not known, at least to the author of the publication, if any of the researchers have found that this particular ancestor of the Panitsa family (his heirs adopted the surname Panitsa around 1879) was one of the earliest partners in the business of Evstati Selveli.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"41 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90197986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.53656/his2022-4-5-res
Ivana Nikolova
The article focuses on the attempts at healthcare reform by the Truman administration alongside the liberal wing of the Democratic party in the 1940s. The proposals of both the White House and different groups of congressmen are laid out in detail. The main reasons for the failure of healthcare reform, as proposed by the author, are the lack of coordination among the Democrats supporting healthcare reform, Truman’s poor influence on Congress, and the role some key professional organizations play in weakening public support for the administration’s initiatives.
{"title":"[The Fate of Healthcare Reform in The United States in the 1940s","authors":"Ivana Nikolova","doi":"10.53656/his2022-4-5-res","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-4-5-res","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the attempts at healthcare reform by the Truman administration alongside the liberal wing of the Democratic party in the 1940s. The proposals of both the White House and different groups of congressmen are laid out in detail. The main reasons for the failure of healthcare reform, as proposed by the author, are the lack of coordination among the Democrats supporting healthcare reform, Truman’s poor influence on Congress, and the role some key professional organizations play in weakening public support for the administration’s initiatives.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76994882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.53656/his2022-4-3-pol
K. Peeva
This article highlights the politics of the early Turkish governments towards various ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities living on the territory of the Republic of Turkey in the light of the principle of nationalism, which became one of the fundamental principles of the new Turkish state. Based on the achievements of modern historiography and the archive documents in the records of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Religions kept at the Central State Archives – Sofia, it makes a review of the typical practices aimed at assimilation of the Muslim linguistic, ethnic and denominational minorities, on one hand, and, on the other hand, at the exclusion of non-Muslims from the concept of the “Turkish nation” and the adoption of discriminatory, and even repressive practices, encouraging their emigration from the Republic of Turkey.
{"title":"Policy towards Minorities in the Early Turkish Republic (1920s and 1930s)","authors":"K. Peeva","doi":"10.53656/his2022-4-3-pol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-4-3-pol","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the politics of the early Turkish governments towards various ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities living on the territory of the Republic of Turkey in the light of the principle of nationalism, which became one of the fundamental principles of the new Turkish state. Based on the achievements of modern historiography and the archive documents in the records of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Religions kept at the Central State Archives – Sofia, it makes a review of the typical practices aimed at assimilation of the Muslim linguistic, ethnic and denominational minorities, on one hand, and, on the other hand, at the exclusion of non-Muslims from the concept of the “Turkish nation” and the adoption of discriminatory, and even repressive practices, encouraging their emigration from the Republic of Turkey.","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75193730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.53656/his2022-4-6-new
Simona Samuilova
{"title":"A New Research on the U.S. Intelligence and Bulgaria (1941 – 1991)","authors":"Simona Samuilova","doi":"10.53656/his2022-4-6-new","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/his2022-4-6-new","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40212,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-History","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75065606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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