Social enterprise (SE) ecosystems are a central concept in understanding the growth of SEs, yet existing research still needs to discuss the attributes of the ecosystems and their actual impacts on SEs. Based on an extended case study, this paper explores the actual impact of ecosystems on SEs in Taiwan, China. It is found that the SE ecosystem is not a dichotomous variable of “yes-no”, but of being “strong” or “weak”. Taiwan’s SE ecosystem has supportive conditions for SEs, such as favorable public policies, research institutes, and certification of SEs. However, due to deviations in implementing public policies and the lack of cross-sectoral cooperation between the government and other actors, Taiwan’s SE ecosystem is functionally “weak”. That is, the ecosystem needs to play a sufficient role in constructing the identity of SEs, providing legitimacy support, and linking resources. Under these circumstances, while maintaining the stability of their mission and core competencies, SEs appeal to themselves to gain internal and external legitimacy to achieve organizational growth. This finding reveals the complex relationship between SE ecosystems and the growth of SEs, and has implications for the construction of supportive SE ecosystems.
{"title":"Does the Social Enterprise Ecosystem Facilitate the Growth of Social Enterprises? An Extended Case Study of Taiwan, China","authors":"Ying Huang, Caiyun Xu","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v6i1.6187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v6i1.6187","url":null,"abstract":"Social enterprise (SE) ecosystems are a central concept in understanding the growth of SEs, yet existing research still needs to discuss the attributes of the ecosystems and their actual impacts on SEs. Based on an extended case study, this paper explores the actual impact of ecosystems on SEs in Taiwan, China. It is found that the SE ecosystem is not a dichotomous variable of “yes-no”, but of being “strong” or “weak”. Taiwan’s SE ecosystem has supportive conditions for SEs, such as favorable public policies, research institutes, and certification of SEs. However, due to deviations in implementing public policies and the lack of cross-sectoral cooperation between the government and other actors, Taiwan’s SE ecosystem is functionally “weak”. That is, the ecosystem needs to play a sufficient role in constructing the identity of SEs, providing legitimacy support, and linking resources. Under these circumstances, while maintaining the stability of their mission and core competencies, SEs appeal to themselves to gain internal and external legitimacy to achieve organizational growth. This finding reveals the complex relationship between SE ecosystems and the growth of SEs, and has implications for the construction of supportive SE ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"146 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite considerable efforts to reduce under-five mortality nationwide, Nigeria has fallen short of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target of 67 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015. Of all the documented factors of under-five mortality, little evidence exists on the impact of systemic barriers and individual factors (maternal health-seeking behaviour) on under-five mortality in Nigeria. The study used a nationally representative sample from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 dataset. The target population was 20,192 women aged 15-59 years who had given birth to 31,480 children five years before the survey. Stata software was used for data analysis. The risk of death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and results are presented as hazards ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings from the overall Model I-IV revealed individual factors (maternal health-seeking indicators) as significant factors of under-five deaths (p < 0.05). Children whose mothers received antenatal care coverage (ANC) outside health care facilities (HCF) (HR: 1.60, CI: 1.0-2.4, p < 0.05); or delivered outside HCF (HR: 1.02, CI: 0.7-1.5, p < 0.05) had elevated hazard risk of death before age five. Conversely, children who were presented for postnatal check within two weeks of delivery (HR: 0.60, CI: 0.5-0.8, p < 0.05), or delivered within the longer birth interval (HR: 0.67, CI: 0.6-0.8, p < 0.001) had significantly lower hazard risk of death before age five. As part of systemic factors, children whose mothers were covered by health insurance scheme had significantly (HR: 0.52, CI: 0.2-1.2, p < 0.001) lower risk of death when compared with their counterparts without health insurance coverage. The study emphasized the need to revitalize strategies and programs to improve women health seeking behaviour and investment in the health sector through health insurance, infrastructure, and supplies.
尽管尼日利亚为降低全国五岁以下儿童死亡率作出了相当大的努力，但仍未实现到2015年每1 000例活产死亡67人的千年发展目标。在所有记录在案的五岁以下儿童死亡率因素中，几乎没有证据表明系统性障碍和个人因素(孕产妇寻求保健行为)对尼日利亚五岁以下儿童死亡率的影响。该研究使用了2013年尼日利亚人口与健康调查(NDHS)数据集中具有全国代表性的样本。调查对象是20,192名年龄在15-59岁之间的妇女，她们在调查前5年生育了31,480个孩子。采用Stata软件进行数据分析。使用Cox比例风险模型估计死亡风险，结果以95%置信区间(CI)的风险比(HR)表示。整体模型I-IV的结果显示，个体因素(孕产妇求医指标)是5岁以下儿童死亡的重要因素(p < 0.05)。母亲在医疗机构以外接受产前保健覆盖的儿童(HR: 1.60, CI: 1.0-2.4, p < 0.05);在HCF外分娩的儿童(HR: 1.02, CI: 0.7-1.5, p < 0.05)在5岁前死亡风险升高。相反，在分娩后两周内进行产后检查的儿童(HR: 0.60, CI: 0.5-0.8, p < 0.05)或在较长的出生间隔内分娩的儿童(HR: 0.67, CI: 0.6-0.8, p < 0.001)在五岁前死亡的危险风险显著降低。作为系统因素的一部分，母亲参加健康保险计划的儿童的死亡风险显著低于未参加健康保险计划的儿童(HR: 0.52, CI: 0.2-1.2, p < 0.001)。该研究强调需要重振战略和方案，通过健康保险、基础设施和用品改善妇女求医行为和卫生部门投资。
{"title":"Individual and Systemic Factors of Under-five Mortality in Nigeria: A Cox Proportional Hazard Model","authors":"T. K. Ojewumi","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i3.5735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i3.5735","url":null,"abstract":"Despite considerable efforts to reduce under-five mortality nationwide, Nigeria has fallen short of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target of 67 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015. Of all the documented factors of under-five mortality, little evidence exists on the impact of systemic barriers and individual factors (maternal health-seeking behaviour) on under-five mortality in Nigeria. The study used a nationally representative sample from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 dataset. The target population was 20,192 women aged 15-59 years who had given birth to 31,480 children five years before the survey. Stata software was used for data analysis. The risk of death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and results are presented as hazards ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings from the overall Model I-IV revealed individual factors (maternal health-seeking indicators) as significant factors of under-five deaths (p < 0.05). Children whose mothers received antenatal care coverage (ANC) outside health care facilities (HCF) (HR: 1.60, CI: 1.0-2.4, p < 0.05); or delivered outside HCF (HR: 1.02, CI: 0.7-1.5, p < 0.05) had elevated hazard risk of death before age five. Conversely, children who were presented for postnatal check within two weeks of delivery (HR: 0.60, CI: 0.5-0.8, p < 0.05), or delivered within the longer birth interval (HR: 0.67, CI: 0.6-0.8, p < 0.001) had significantly lower hazard risk of death before age five. As part of systemic factors, children whose mothers were covered by health insurance scheme had significantly (HR: 0.52, CI: 0.2-1.2, p < 0.001) lower risk of death when compared with their counterparts without health insurance coverage. The study emphasized the need to revitalize strategies and programs to improve women health seeking behaviour and investment in the health sector through health insurance, infrastructure, and supplies.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128162743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China. In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao, the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates (PBSEMC) has been issued, whose, however, effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored. The difference-in-differences (DID) analysis based on cross-sectional data, which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm, was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988. The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities, and gender, residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class, aligning with the previous literature. The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities. However, the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise, in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.
{"title":"Higher Education Admission Policy and Social Class of Ethnic Minority: The Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China","authors":"Lijun Ti, Xiaokun Yang, Wang Zhou","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i3.5789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i3.5789","url":null,"abstract":"Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China. In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao, the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates (PBSEMC) has been issued, whose, however, effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored. The difference-in-differences (DID) analysis based on cross-sectional data, which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm, was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988. The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities, and gender, residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class, aligning with the previous literature. The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities. However, the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise, in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131916201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time. Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants. The study estimated the profitability level of intercropped tea farms and determined the factors affecting the profitability of tea intercropping systems in the study area. Information was obtained from two hundred and four tea farmers using a well-structured questionnaire. The analytical techniques used in the study were descriptive analysis and linear regression. The results revealed that the majority (95.6%) of the farmers are from Kakara and Nyiwa towns. There are few (2.9%) women involved in tea farming in Taraba State. 29% of the tea farmers are young less than 30 years and old above 60 years. Fifteen percent of the farmers are single, 83.8% are married and 1.5% are divorced. About 40% of the tea farmers had no formal education, 21% have between 1-6 years of education, 19% had 7-12 years of education and 21% had greater than 12 years of education. The gross margin is 289,900,581.9 and the gross margin per farmer is 1,421,081.28. The net income is 2,879,055,533.3 and the net income per farmer is 1,411,301.63. The amount of profit tea farmers make in Taraba State is ₦1,425,001 and the profit per farmer is ₦6,985.30. Labour costs (weeding, pruning, application of insecticide, watering) and cost of materials (cutlass, file, chemical, bag and others) are significant determinants of the profit level of the tea intercropping system in Taraba State. Tea intercropping farming is profitable in Taraba State Nigeria.
{"title":"Profitability Level and Determinants of Tea Intercropping in Taraba State","authors":"Oladokun Yetunde O.M, Oluyole Kayode A.","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5702","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time. Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants. The study estimated the profitability level of intercropped tea farms and determined the factors affecting the profitability of tea intercropping systems in the study area. Information was obtained from two hundred and four tea farmers using a well-structured questionnaire. The analytical techniques used in the study were descriptive analysis and linear regression. The results revealed that the majority (95.6%) of the farmers are from Kakara and Nyiwa towns. There are few (2.9%) women involved in tea farming in Taraba State. 29% of the tea farmers are young less than 30 years and old above 60 years. Fifteen percent of the farmers are single, 83.8% are married and 1.5% are divorced. About 40% of the tea farmers had no formal education, 21% have between 1-6 years of education, 19% had 7-12 years of education and 21% had greater than 12 years of education. The gross margin is 289,900,581.9 and the gross margin per farmer is 1,421,081.28. The net income is 2,879,055,533.3 and the net income per farmer is 1,411,301.63. The amount of profit tea farmers make in Taraba State is ₦1,425,001 and the profit per farmer is ₦6,985.30. Labour costs (weeding, pruning, application of insecticide, watering) and cost of materials (cutlass, file, chemical, bag and others) are significant determinants of the profit level of the tea intercropping system in Taraba State. Tea intercropping farming is profitable in Taraba State Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133652117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Dao, Chu Thanh Mai, Phi Tra My, Phan Huyen Linh, Le Hai Yen
Entrepreneurship is one of the popular choices for students after graduation from higher education. The study focuses on proposing a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University by researching some typical models in the world. By quantitative research methods based on a survey of 391 students, the study has shown that there are 5 factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University, including opportunity, motivation, perception of behavioral control, skills and resources for entrepreneurship. Thereby, the study proposes a number of solutions for the students, the university and other related parties to promote students’ entrepreneurial intentions.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students at Tan Trao University","authors":"H. Dao, Chu Thanh Mai, Phi Tra My, Phan Huyen Linh, Le Hai Yen","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5628","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is one of the popular choices for students after graduation from higher education. The study focuses on proposing a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University by researching some typical models in the world. By quantitative research methods based on a survey of 391 students, the study has shown that there are 5 factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University, including opportunity, motivation, perception of behavioral control, skills and resources for entrepreneurship. Thereby, the study proposes a number of solutions for the students, the university and other related parties to promote students’ entrepreneurial intentions.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114373222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method, is examined in this paper. The VIKOR method, like other MCDM techniques such as the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), is widely used to solve complex decision-making problems in various fields such as engineering, management, and finance. This paper provides an overview of the VIKOR method, including its application areas, advantages, and disadvantages. Besides, in this survey paper, the process steps of the VIKOR method are described, including determining the decision matrix, normalizing the matrix, determining the weights of the criteria, calculating the utility and regret values, calculating the VIKOR index, and finally ranking the alternatives. By providing an overview of the VIKOR method and its process steps, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the method and its potential application in different decision-making contexts.
本文研究了多准则决策方法VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje)方法。VIKOR方法与其他MCDM技术如TOPSIS (technical for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)一样，被广泛用于解决工程、管理和金融等各个领域的复杂决策问题。本文概述了VIKOR方法，包括其应用领域、优点和缺点。此外，本文还描述了VIKOR方法的处理步骤，包括确定决策矩阵、对矩阵进行归一化、确定准则的权重、计算效用值和后悔值、计算VIKOR指数，最后对备选方案进行排序。通过概述VIKOR方法及其过程步骤，本文旨在更好地理解该方法及其在不同决策环境中的潜在应用。
{"title":"An Effective Compromising Ranking Technique for Decision Making","authors":"Hamed Taherdoost, Mitra Madanchian","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5578","url":null,"abstract":"The VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method, is examined in this paper. The VIKOR method, like other MCDM techniques such as the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), is widely used to solve complex decision-making problems in various fields such as engineering, management, and finance. This paper provides an overview of the VIKOR method, including its application areas, advantages, and disadvantages. Besides, in this survey paper, the process steps of the VIKOR method are described, including determining the decision matrix, normalizing the matrix, determining the weights of the criteria, calculating the utility and regret values, calculating the VIKOR index, and finally ranking the alternatives. By providing an overview of the VIKOR method and its process steps, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the method and its potential application in different decision-making contexts.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125723975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhinandan Kulal, Abhishek N, Sahana Dinesh, Divya M.S
This study examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and stock prices as well as investment performance. ESG factors have become increasingly relevant in investment decisions as investors prioritize companies with sustainable practices. Using a sample of publicly-traded companies, this research analyzes the impact of ESG factors on stock prices and investment returns. The findings suggest that companies with strong ESG performance tend to have higher stock prices and better investment performance than those with weak ESG performance. The study also highlights the significance of the individual components of ESG, such as environmental policies and corporate governance practices, on stock prices and investment returns. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for investors seeking to incorporate ESG factors into their investment decision-making processes.
{"title":"Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors on Stock Prices and Investment Performance","authors":"Abhinandan Kulal, Abhishek N, Sahana Dinesh, Divya M.S","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5659","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and stock prices as well as investment performance. ESG factors have become increasingly relevant in investment decisions as investors prioritize companies with sustainable practices. Using a sample of publicly-traded companies, this research analyzes the impact of ESG factors on stock prices and investment returns. The findings suggest that companies with strong ESG performance tend to have higher stock prices and better investment performance than those with weak ESG performance. The study also highlights the significance of the individual components of ESG, such as environmental policies and corporate governance practices, on stock prices and investment returns. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for investors seeking to incorporate ESG factors into their investment decision-making processes.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132811396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security is a value contained in most theories of personal values. Yet, while the relations among the most basic values are clear and reliable, the role of security in the system of values remains ambiguous. People striving for security are often also striving for tradition and conformity but sometimes they are focusing more on other values (such as health values, for example). Based on eight representative surveys (N = 24,000) in several German cities between 1998 and 2022, the author shows that when measuring security without suggesting a particular meaning of this notion, security takes a relatively central position within the system of values and their components (shown by multidimensional scaling, MDS). People striving for security also emphasize the importance of law and order, working hard, and having a good family life as guiding principles in their lives. Conformity is not that important for them, and having an exciting life is even negatively correlated. Age has little impact on the MDS structure of values and their components, even though people exhibit substantial changes in the relative weights they assign to many values as they get older.
{"title":"On the Role of Security in the System of Personal Values: Are Conservatives Prioritizing Security?","authors":"I. Borg","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i2.5603","url":null,"abstract":"Security is a value contained in most theories of personal values. Yet, while the relations among the most basic values are clear and reliable, the role of security in the system of values remains ambiguous. People striving for security are often also striving for tradition and conformity but sometimes they are focusing more on other values (such as health values, for example). Based on eight representative surveys (N = 24,000) in several German cities between 1998 and 2022, the author shows that when measuring security without suggesting a particular meaning of this notion, security takes a relatively central position within the system of values and their components (shown by multidimensional scaling, MDS). People striving for security also emphasize the importance of law and order, working hard, and having a good family life as guiding principles in their lives. Conformity is not that important for them, and having an exciting life is even negatively correlated. Age has little impact on the MDS structure of values and their components, even though people exhibit substantial changes in the relative weights they assign to many values as they get older.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126039951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A growing consumer price is creating instability in the macroeconomic environment and hinders the consumption level of especially the poor society. This paper then explored the major causes of such increasing consumer prices using Ethiopian cases. Using data from the National Bank of Ethiopia from 1982/1983 to 2019/2020, it condensed the information of monetary sector, external sector and fiscal sector variables to a small set to estimate the causes of Ethiopian consumer price hiking using the ARDL model. The factors determining consumer price differ from food to non-food. The most important factors determining food price are price expectation and fiscal factors. On the other hand, the main determinant of non-food consumer prices is the fiscal factor. The author also found evidence of fiscal factors and price expectation effects on general consumer prices. Therefore, to contain the rise in consumer prices, it needs to exercise conservative fiscal stances, which require minimizing deficit financing, reducing the import tax rate and reducing domestic indirect tax rates such as excise tax and value added tax on basic consumer goods and services. Moreover, sound government policies are essential to address inflation anticipations (providing information for society about the future of inflation) to change public opinion.
{"title":"The Causes of Hiking Ethiopian Consumer Prices","authors":"K. Genemo","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i1.5510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i1.5510","url":null,"abstract":"A growing consumer price is creating instability in the macroeconomic environment and hinders the consumption level of especially the poor society. This paper then explored the major causes of such increasing consumer prices using Ethiopian cases. Using data from the National Bank of Ethiopia from 1982/1983 to 2019/2020, it condensed the information of monetary sector, external sector and fiscal sector variables to a small set to estimate the causes of Ethiopian consumer price hiking using the ARDL model. The factors determining consumer price differ from food to non-food. The most important factors determining food price are price expectation and fiscal factors. On the other hand, the main determinant of non-food consumer prices is the fiscal factor. The author also found evidence of fiscal factors and price expectation effects on general consumer prices. Therefore, to contain the rise in consumer prices, it needs to exercise conservative fiscal stances, which require minimizing deficit financing, reducing the import tax rate and reducing domestic indirect tax rates such as excise tax and value added tax on basic consumer goods and services. Moreover, sound government policies are essential to address inflation anticipations (providing information for society about the future of inflation) to change public opinion.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131084538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy. Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020. For various years, related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the Bureau of National Statistics, and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports. E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square. The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.
{"title":"Stamp Duty Tax and Growth of Economy: Evidence from Nigeria","authors":"Ezejiofor Raymond A., Apete Collins","doi":"10.30564/mmpp.v5i1.5523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i1.5523","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy. Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020. For various years, related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the Bureau of National Statistics, and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports. E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square. The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.","PeriodicalId":402578,"journal":{"name":"Macro Management & Public Policies","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122526157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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