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2021 XVII International Engineering Congress (CONIIN)最新文献

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Controller of public vehicles and traffic lights to speed up the response time to emergencies 控制公共车辆和交通信号灯,加快对突发事件的反应时间
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634751
Hernandez Muñoz Urian Francisco, G. Ríos-Moreno
Frequently emergency services are required nationally and globally, in Mexico during 2020 of the 16,22,879 calls made to 911, statistics reveal that 58.43% were about security, 16.57% assistance, 13.49% medical, 6.29% civil protection, among others. However, the constant traffic of cities generates delays in the time of arrival to medical, military or civil protection services, wasting time that can be critical in an emergency. The objective is to create a connection between the road infrastructure (traffic lights) and emergency vehicles to reduce waiting time as a vehicle on a mission passes through a traffic light with Controller Area Network CAN controller to modify the color and give way to the emergency vehicle that will send signals to the traffic light controller through a controller located in the car. For this, the Controller Area Network Flexible Data (CAN-FD) controllers will be used in traffic lights since it is capable of synchronizing data in the same bus or cable to avoid that two messages arrive at the same time, which could end in car accidents if they are not it respects a hierarchy and the CANblue ll controller that wirelessly connects devices (vehicle and traffic light) at a speed of 1 Mbit / s to avoid delays in data exchange taking into account the high speeds that a car can acquire. It is intended to use the CAN controller for the development of improvements in response times in high-speed data exchange in cities with high traffic flow. As a result of the use of CAN controllers, a better data flow and interconnection is obtained.
全国和全球经常需要紧急服务,在墨西哥,2020年拨打911的16,22,879个电话中,统计数据显示58.43%与安全有关,16.57%与援助有关,13.49%与医疗有关,6.29%与民事保护有关,等等。然而,由于城市交通频繁,医疗、军事或民防服务部门到达的时间出现延误,浪费了在紧急情况下至关重要的时间。目标是在道路基础设施(交通灯)和紧急车辆之间建立连接,以减少执行任务的车辆通过交通灯时的等待时间,控制器局域网CAN控制器可以修改交通灯的颜色,并为紧急车辆让路,紧急车辆将通过位于车内的控制器向交通灯控制器发送信号。为此,控制器局域网灵活数据(CAN-FD)控制器将用于交通灯,因为它能够在同一总线或电缆中同步数据,以避免两个消息同时到达。考虑到汽车可以获得的高速,它尊重层次结构和以1mbit / s的速度无线连接设备(车辆和交通灯)以避免数据交换延迟的CANblue所有控制器。它的目的是使用CAN控制器开发改进在高交通流量的城市中高速数据交换的响应时间。由于采用了CAN控制器,实现了较好的数据流和互连。
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引用次数: 0
Design of a control algorithm for a robot manipulator with constant gains 恒增益机械臂控制算法的设计
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634741
Roman E. García-Ferral, F. Reyes‐Cortes, Brandon Sánchez-García
This paper presents a new control algorithm of constant gains for a Proportional Derivative controller with gravity compensation. The problem of position control of manipulator robots in the joint space is solved with the proposed control algorithm. To abord the previously mentioned problem, the energy shaping technique is used. For the development of the algorithm, constant gains were used. The algorithm design is focused on three DOF robots as an experimental platform. The main characteristic of the proposed control scheme is that the algorithm generates bounded torques. The servo actuators of the robot are kept within their physical limits avoiding the saturation zone. To carry out the control structure, a Lyapunov function is proposed. It is shown that there is a point of equilibrium such that it is unique and stable based on the proposed function. To illustrate the performance of the design, simulations were made, and results are placed in the function of error. Designing and implementing control algorithms makes it possible to test performances in manipulative robots, giving the possibility of choosing one that meets the needs of the operators.
提出了一种具有重力补偿的比例导数控制器的恒增益控制算法。该控制算法解决了机械手在关节空间中的位置控制问题。为了解决上述问题,采用了能量整形技术。对于算法的发展,使用恒定增益。算法设计以三自由度机器人为实验平台。该控制方案的主要特点是该算法产生有界转矩。机器人的伺服执行器保持在其物理极限内,避免了饱和区。为了实现控制结构,提出了一个李雅普诺夫函数。结果表明,基于所提出的函数,存在一个唯一且稳定的平衡点。为了说明该设计的性能,进行了仿真,并将结果置于误差函数中。控制算法的设计和实现使得测试操作机器人的性能成为可能,从而为选择满足操作者需求的控制算法提供了可能。
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引用次数: 0
A Genetic Algorithm Solution for Scheduling Problem 调度问题的遗传算法求解
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634725
Ernesto Cortés Pérez, Osiris Montero Rios, Daniel Pacheco Bautista, Sergio Sanchez Sanchez, Francisco Aguilar Acevedo
This paper proposes a solution for university timetable scheduling problem through a Genetic Algorithm. The solution to this problem consists of assigning schedules, subjects and human resources, this for the correct distribution of classes in the Computer Engineering career at the University of Isthmus, in Sto. Domingo Tehuantepec Oaxaca, Mexico. The problem of generating schedules in an educational institution increases in complexity depending on the number of professors, the number of subjects taught and all the constraints existing in that assignment. And so, the need arises to find alternative solutions for this laborious process, one of which is the implementation of a Genetic Algorithm.
本文提出了一种利用遗传算法解决高校课程表调度问题的方法。这个问题的解决方案包括分配时间表、科目和人力资源,这是为了在斯托的地峡大学计算机工程职业生涯中正确分配课程。多明戈特万特佩克,墨西哥瓦哈卡。在教育机构中,根据教授的数量、教授的科目数量和作业中存在的所有限制条件,制定课程表的问题变得越来越复杂。因此,需要为这个费力的过程找到替代的解决方案,其中之一是遗传算法的实现。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of new asphalt alternatives with polymers: A review 新型聚合物沥青替代品的研究进展
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634802
Castro Durán Denice Yuliana, López Balderas Nancy Stephanie, G. Ríos-Moreno, O. Chavez-Alegria, M. Trejo-Perea
Throughout the years we have realized the importance of asphalt in everyday life because to transport us from one place to another it is essential to pass the roads. There are a total of 171, 347 km of paved roads in Mexico of which 50, 435 km are federal roads, 101, 460 km state roads, 19,452 km others (municipal, private), 10,557 km toll roads and 1,192 places of payment. A new concept of asphalt pavement with ecological attributes will be questioned. The two main components needed in an asphalt mix (bitumen and aggregates) are focused on. In relation to bitumen, two methods of fresh binder fractionation are explored: one investigates biofluid bitumen, which allows replacing part of the petrochemical binder with bio-based products; and the second, to produce granules with plastic waste (mainly plastic bottles and bags) and replace 20% of the oil-based sticky bitumen that seals traditional roads. The modified asphalt materials are the product of the dissolution or incorporation in the asphalt of a polymer that are stable substances over time and changes in temperature, which are added to the asphalt material to modify its physical and ecological properties, and decrease its susceptibility at temperature and humidity, as well as oxidation.
多年来,我们已经意识到沥青在日常生活中的重要性,因为将我们从一个地方运送到另一个地方,必须通过道路。墨西哥总共有171,347公里的铺面公路,其中50,435公里是联邦公路,101,460公里是州公路,19,452公里是其他(市政和私人)公路,10,557公里是收费公路,1192个收费地点。具有生态属性的沥青路面的新概念将受到质疑。沥青混合料中需要的两种主要成分(沥青和集料)是重点。关于沥青,探索了两种新粘合剂分馏方法:一种是研究生物流体沥青,它允许用生物基产品代替部分石化粘合剂;第二,用塑料垃圾(主要是塑料瓶和塑料袋)生产颗粒,取代20%的密封传统道路的油基粘性沥青。改性沥青材料是在沥青中溶解或掺入一种聚合物的产物,这种聚合物是一种随时间和温度变化而稳定的物质,加入到沥青材料中,以改变其物理和生态性能,降低其在温度和湿度下的敏感性以及氧化性。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of soil-water retention curve for expansive soils 膨胀土土水保持曲线的估算
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634707
Elizabeth Silva García, E. Rojas
Expansive soils are a challenge for engineers because they can generate movements and cracks in light structures. Therefore, its study is essential to achieve foundation designs suitable for this type of structure. The variable that directly affects the behavior of expansive clays is suction. This variable generates additional contact forces between soil particles that are known as cohesion. These forces can be known through the determination of the soil-water retention curve. The most widely used method of suction measurement for expansive soils is the filter paper technique, which requires special care for its correct execution. This is mainly due to the sensitivity and precision required for the measurement of paper moisture. In this article, the results of the measurement of the characteristic curve of an expansive clay are presented, using variations and considerations additional to the standard. The result is a comparison between the values obtained when weighing the filter paper before and after the 7-day equilibrium, using a metal container and without it, and considering an immediate measurement and another when the balance has stabilized. It was determined that the weight of dry paper is affected when it is left exposed to a desiccator and when a metallic container is not used to avoid moisture changes to the filter paper. Depending on the way in which the measurement is made, the suction values obtained for a dry expansive clay are so high that they exceed the maximum limit of the filter paper test.
膨胀土对工程师来说是一个挑战,因为它们会在轻型结构中产生运动和裂缝。因此,对其进行研究对于实现适合此类结构的基础设计至关重要。直接影响膨胀粘土性能的变量是吸力。这个变量在土壤颗粒之间产生额外的接触力,即所谓的凝聚力。这些力可以通过测定土壤-水保持曲线得到。膨胀土吸力测量最广泛使用的方法是滤纸法,其正确执行需要特别注意。这主要是由于测量纸张湿度所需的灵敏度和精度。本文介绍了一种膨胀粘土的特性曲线的测量结果,使用了标准之外的变化和考虑。结果是在7天平衡前后,使用金属容器和不使用金属容器,以及考虑立即测量和平衡稳定后另一次测量时所获得的值之间的比较。经确定,当干燥纸暴露在干燥器中并且不使用金属容器以避免滤纸的水分变化时,其重量会受到影响。根据测量方法的不同,干燥膨胀粘土的吸力值非常高,以至于超过了滤纸测试的最大极限。
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引用次数: 0
Photo-catalytic water splitting : TiO2 – GO for water splitting 光催化水分解:TiO2 - GO用于水分解
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634773
J. Becerra-Ruiz, I. Rangel-Vázquez, J. Jáuregui-Correa, Gloria A. Del Angel-Montes
This work shows results obtained in photocatalytic water splitting for production of hydrogen (H2) using Graphene Oxide – additioned Titanium photocatalysts, P25–GO (Degussa P25 with Graphene Oxide) with different proportion in weight of GO (0.5, 2 and 4 %). Materials were characterized by DRX, FTIR, Raman, UV-vis and SEM. The phases detected by XRD characterization are anatase and rutile of TiO2 and GO, this is confirmed by means of Raman spectroscopy. In FTIR spectra, presence of GO and reduced (rGO) in the impregnated P25–GO photocatalysts was observed. UV-Vis spectroscopy (diffuse reflectance) and applying the Kubelka–Munk theory, it was observed that incorporation of GO to TiO2 lead to a shifted of the Eg towards visible region in the interval of 2.96–3.14 eV. The reaction for H2 production was monitored during 6 hours of reaction at room temperature and by means of a Shimadzu GC-2014 chromatograph. Where maximum production of H2 was obtained with the P25–GO 2% photocatalyst with 45,006 μmol and secondly P25–GO 4% with 21,922 μmol, using a UV vapor lamp of Hg.
本研究展示了使用添加氧化石墨烯的钛光催化剂P25 -氧化石墨烯(Degussa P25 with Graphene Oxide),在不同的氧化石墨烯重量比例(0.5,2和4%)下光催化水裂解制氢(H2)的结果。通过DRX、FTIR、Raman、UV-vis和SEM对材料进行了表征。XRD表征检测到TiO2和GO的物相为锐钛矿和金红石,拉曼光谱证实了这一点。在FTIR光谱中,观察到浸渍P25-GO光催化剂中存在氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯。紫外可见光谱(漫反射)和Kubelka-Munk理论观察到,氧化石墨烯与TiO2的掺入导致Eg在2.96-3.14 eV的区间内向可见光区偏移。在室温下,用岛津GC-2014色谱仪监测6小时的制氢反应。其中P25-GO 2%光催化剂用量为45,006 μmol、P25-GO 4%用量为21,922 μmol时产氢量最大;
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引用次数: 0
Design of a methodology for the efficient use of fly ash as a partial substitute material for portland cement in concrete mixtures 设计一种有效利用粉煤灰作为混凝土混合物中波特兰水泥的部分替代材料的方法
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634745
Everardo Donato Sánchez Topete, M. R. Belmonte, José Gabriel Ríos Moreno, Abraham Lopez Miguel
The greatest contribution of CO2 to the environment is attributed to cement production, responsible for 5 to 8% of global emissions. On the other hand, fly ash (FA) is constituted in an ecologically problematic residue due to its outdoor storage in thermoelectric plants. Considering the need to reduce the carbon footprint, quantity and availability of fly ash in México, Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE), it is considered an alternative material for the partial replacement of portland cement, boosting its use and contributing to the decrease in consumption of portland cement (PC). Fly ash improves durability properties in concretes, mechanical resistance is a questioned property, since it is an amorphous material, it reacts slowly and does not achieve high resistances at an early age (28 days). This research aims to develop an efficient methodology to improve the durability properties of the concrete with partial replacement of fly ash which will be obtained from articles with results presented looking to optimize the best design. While the results do not show all the properties and benefits of fly ash to use a fly ash as a concrete substitute material should use a low w/c ratio, the fly ash, if used in the natural state, can be used as up to 10% replacement and if it carries a treatment, it can be used up to 50%, as long as the designs are properly performed.
二氧化碳对环境的最大贡献来自水泥生产,占全球排放量的5%至8%。另一方面,由于热电厂的室外贮存,粉煤灰构成了生态问题的残渣。考虑到需要减少碳足迹,粉煤灰的数量和可用性在m 联邦电力公司(CFE),它被认为是部分替代波特兰水泥的替代材料,促进其使用,并有助于减少波特兰水泥(PC)的消费。粉煤灰提高了混凝土的耐久性,机械阻力是一个值得质疑的性能,因为它是一种无定形材料,它反应缓慢,在早期(28天)不能达到高阻力。本研究旨在开发一种有效的方法,通过部分替代粉煤灰来提高混凝土的耐久性,该方法将从文章中获得,并提出了优化最佳设计的结果。虽然结果并没有显示出粉煤灰的全部性能和效益,但使用粉煤灰作为混凝土替代材料应使用低w/c比,如果在自然状态下使用,粉煤灰可替代10%,如果进行处理,只要设计得当,其可替代50%。
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引用次数: 0
Methods to measure nitrogen content in fish culture: A review 鱼类养殖中氮含量测定方法综述
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634790
Samuel López-Tejeida, Leticia Felix-Cuencas, J. J. De León-Ramírez, L. B. Flores-Tejeida, Maribel Villegas-Villegas, J. F. García-Trejo
The reuse of solid waste coming from aquaculture and aquaponics industry is good not just in the environment ambit; also is a benefited in the economic aspect because it decreases the organic pollutant charge in the environmental aspect, respect to the economic aspect the fish feces is one of the nutritive dung containing almost 4.47% of nitrogen and 2.35% of phosphorous. So the first step to reusing these nutrients is to get a real measure of nitrogen from aquaculture and aquaponics wastewater after this the next step is to decide which kind of technique will be used to reduce the nutrients to an acceptable level. Aquaponics is a recent technology that has the benefit of joining two technologies: aquaculture and hydroponics. The importance of nitrogen measurement falls into controlling the quantity in aquaponics and aquaculture system to avoid problems related to high concentrations.
对来自水产养殖业和水培业的固体废物进行再利用不仅在环境方面是有益的;在经济方面也有好处,因为它减少了环境方面的有机污染物负荷,就经济方面而言,鱼粪是含有近4.47%的氮和2.35%的磷的营养粪便之一。因此,再利用这些营养物的第一步是从水产养殖和水培废水中获得真正的氮含量,然后下一步是决定使用哪种技术将营养物减少到可接受的水平。水培技术是一种结合了水产养殖和水培两种技术的新技术。氮测量的重要性在于控制水培和水产养殖系统中的氮量,以避免高浓度的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Imbalance Detection in Low Power Turbine Through Vibration Signals and Convolutional Neural Networks 基于振动信号和卷积神经网络的小功率汽轮机不平衡检测
Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/CONIIN54356.2021.9634182
Angel H. Rangel-Rodriguez, Jesús A. Estrada-Salazar, J. Amezquita-Sanchez, D. Granados-Lieberman, M. Valtierra-Rodríguez
The condition monitoring and the fault detection in wind turbines reduce the cost of repairment and maintenance tasks. An early detection of faults allows repairing before the damage is aggravated. In this article, a methodology based on convolutional neural networks and the time-frequency plane of vibration signals for the detection of three different levels of imbalance damage (low, medium, and high) is presented. In general, the methodology consists of the acquisition of vibration signals from three levels of imbalance and the condition with no damage. Then, the spectrogram function is applied to get an image from the time-frequency plane of the vibration signals. This image is segmented and analyzed by the convolutional neural network to detect the level of imbalance damage. Results show the proposal effectiveness as 100 % of accuracy is obtained.
风力发电机组的状态监测和故障检测降低了维修和维护任务的成本。及早发现故障可以在损坏加重之前进行修复。本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络和振动信号时频平面的方法,用于检测三种不同程度的不平衡损伤(低、中、高)。一般来说,该方法包括从三个不平衡水平和无损伤条件下获取振动信号。然后,利用谱图函数从振动信号的时频面得到图像。该图像被卷积神经网络分割和分析,以检测不平衡损伤的程度。结果表明,该方法的准确率达到100%。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2021 XVII International Engineering Congress (CONIIN)
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