Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474595
M. Marchesoni, M. Passalacqua, L. Vaccaro, P. Bordignon
Nowadays HVDC based on Voltage Source Converters (VSC) are based on the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and the applications in which the Full Bridge (FB) Cells are used are increasing. Therefore, this paper presents an analytical study of the MMC interaction between the converter currents and voltages. The study is applied to the case of the FB Cell based MMC, with special attention to the capacitor voltage ripple caused by this interaction.
{"title":"Modulating Signals Effect on Capacitor Voltage Ripple in Full Bridge Modular Multilevel Converters","authors":"M. Marchesoni, M. Passalacqua, L. Vaccaro, P. Bordignon","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474595","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays HVDC based on Voltage Source Converters (VSC) are based on the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and the applications in which the Full Bridge (FB) Cells are used are increasing. Therefore, this paper presents an analytical study of the MMC interaction between the converter currents and voltages. The study is applied to the case of the FB Cell based MMC, with special attention to the capacitor voltage ripple caused by this interaction.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117156376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474613
P. Molfino, M. Nervi, M. Marzinotto
Over the last years the use of HVDC transmission has been constantly increasing worldwide. Furthermore, new converters based on IGBT (called VSC converters) are spreading. This fact leads to develop reversible sea electrodes, as the direction of the current may frequently change. In this paper, we would like to clarify the subject, especially examining in detail the materials that can be used to effectively manufacture deep-sea return electrodes that can be operated with minimal or no maintenance over their life.
{"title":"On the materials for reversible HVDC sea electrodes: a comparison aimed at their correct selection","authors":"P. Molfino, M. Nervi, M. Marzinotto","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474613","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last years the use of HVDC transmission has been constantly increasing worldwide. Furthermore, new converters based on IGBT (called VSC converters) are spreading. This fact leads to develop reversible sea electrodes, as the direction of the current may frequently change. In this paper, we would like to clarify the subject, especially examining in detail the materials that can be used to effectively manufacture deep-sea return electrodes that can be operated with minimal or no maintenance over their life.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121280373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474607
Sobhan Memari, X. Bourgeat, Mattia Pazienza, C. Rémy, R. De Zan, M. Marzinotto
The focus of this paper is on the Piedmont-Savoy link, $mathrm{a}pm 320$ kV HVDC interconnection between the Italian and French network, which reinforces the Pan-European electricity network. This project is an example of the feasibility of synergy with existing highways and tunnels. However, due to peculiarities of the link, numerous system design and installation challenges have been overcome during the project and are presented in this paper.
{"title":"A New Milestone In Pan-European Network Leveraging On Shared Infrastructures","authors":"Sobhan Memari, X. Bourgeat, Mattia Pazienza, C. Rémy, R. De Zan, M. Marzinotto","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474607","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is on the Piedmont-Savoy link, $mathrm{a}pm 320$ kV HVDC interconnection between the Italian and French network, which reinforces the Pan-European electricity network. This project is an example of the feasibility of synergy with existing highways and tunnels. However, due to peculiarities of the link, numerous system design and installation challenges have been overcome during the project and are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133824769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474593
N. Dhaliwal, Lyle Crowe, Robert Kolt, Mohammed Rashwasn
There are over 150 HVDC systems now in operation around the world. Approximately more than 70 of these systems are 20 years and older. Earlier systems were realized with analog control systems. Some of those systems operated for over 30 years. Digital control systems were introduced in HVDC for a number of technical reasons. All systems that were installed in the last 30 years utilize digital controls. Digital controls typically have a much shorter life of 12- 15 years, with a Human Machine Interface (HMI) replacement about every 7 years. As a result, a number of systems are facing the challenge of replacing the digital control and protection systems. The control systems interact with other subsystems such as the valve base electronics (VBE), thyristor Gate Control Units, cooling controls as well as the measuring equipment. It is often challenging to decide which other related subsystems to replace (e.g. control and protection only or VBE and control and protection, or even to go further and include the cooling controls). This paper describes a process that can be followed to assist in making the decision to replace the control and protection systems, preparing the technical specification, bidding process, testing and commissioning. Even though the paper discusses Line Commutated Converters (LCC), the basic principles apply to Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC) as well}.
{"title":"Replacement of Control and Protection in Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC Systems","authors":"N. Dhaliwal, Lyle Crowe, Robert Kolt, Mohammed Rashwasn","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474593","url":null,"abstract":"There are over 150 HVDC systems now in operation around the world. Approximately more than 70 of these systems are 20 years and older. Earlier systems were realized with analog control systems. Some of those systems operated for over 30 years. Digital control systems were introduced in HVDC for a number of technical reasons. All systems that were installed in the last 30 years utilize digital controls. Digital controls typically have a much shorter life of 12- 15 years, with a Human Machine Interface (HMI) replacement about every 7 years. As a result, a number of systems are facing the challenge of replacing the digital control and protection systems. The control systems interact with other subsystems such as the valve base electronics (VBE), thyristor Gate Control Units, cooling controls as well as the measuring equipment. It is often challenging to decide which other related subsystems to replace (e.g. control and protection only or VBE and control and protection, or even to go further and include the cooling controls). This paper describes a process that can be followed to assist in making the decision to replace the control and protection systems, preparing the technical specification, bidding process, testing and commissioning. Even though the paper discusses Line Commutated Converters (LCC), the basic principles apply to Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC) as well}.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125146217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474609
E. Carlini, G. Giannuzzi, R. Zaottini, C. Pisani, A. Pascucci, F. Allella, R. Gnudi, Matteo Contu
The present paper analyzes the main findings collected from the first year of operation of the MontenegroItaly interconnector, i.e., MON.ITA HVDC. Briefly the main technical characteristics of the asset are provided. A focus on the hourly commercial programs on day ahead market experienced during the 2020 are analyzed and compared with the real physical flows. Then active and reactive power control are described with the aid of some real use cases collected from both the commissioning and the first year of operation. Finally, general concluding remarks are given together with an outlook on future role of HVDC technology within the framework of renewable energy sources and European market integration.
{"title":"Active and Reactive Power control of Italy – Montenegro HVDC First year of operation","authors":"E. Carlini, G. Giannuzzi, R. Zaottini, C. Pisani, A. Pascucci, F. Allella, R. Gnudi, Matteo Contu","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474609","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper analyzes the main findings collected from the first year of operation of the MontenegroItaly interconnector, i.e., MON.ITA HVDC. Briefly the main technical characteristics of the asset are provided. A focus on the hourly commercial programs on day ahead market experienced during the 2020 are analyzed and compared with the real physical flows. Then active and reactive power control are described with the aid of some real use cases collected from both the commissioning and the first year of operation. Finally, general concluding remarks are given together with an outlook on future role of HVDC technology within the framework of renewable energy sources and European market integration.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474591
J. Sau-Bassols, F. Morel, S. Touré, S. Poullain, F. Jacquier
Power Flow Controllers (PFCs) or Current Flow Controllers (CFCs) are expected to be required in future High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids to aid in the current distribution. This work analyses the feasibility of this kind of devices from the implementation point of view. First, the needs of a PFC as a medium voltage converter floating at high voltage are assessed. Then, the paper discusses the challenges to implement one of these converters, such as the sizing of the power electronic elements, cooling management, insulation from ground, etc. Most of them are already tackled in other existing devices in the field of high voltage. Powering the PFC semiconductors gate-drivers and other auxiliary systems at high potential is seen as a particular point to take into account when building the device.
{"title":"Technical feasibility of Power Flow Controllers for HVDC grids","authors":"J. Sau-Bassols, F. Morel, S. Touré, S. Poullain, F. Jacquier","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474591","url":null,"abstract":"Power Flow Controllers (PFCs) or Current Flow Controllers (CFCs) are expected to be required in future High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids to aid in the current distribution. This work analyses the feasibility of this kind of devices from the implementation point of view. First, the needs of a PFC as a medium voltage converter floating at high voltage are assessed. Then, the paper discusses the challenges to implement one of these converters, such as the sizing of the power electronic elements, cooling management, insulation from ground, etc. Most of them are already tackled in other existing devices in the field of high voltage. Powering the PFC semiconductors gate-drivers and other auxiliary systems at high potential is seen as a particular point to take into account when building the device.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129595472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474610
Davin Guédon, P. Ladoux, S. Sanchez, S. Cornet
The generalized expansion of HVDC systems for applications such as interconnection between countries and renewable energies is unquestionable. The performances and the efficiency of these links are crucial issues as they can transmit several TWh per year, while they are supposed to remain in operation during decades. With the broader use of modular multilevel converters, a huge quantity of semiconductor devices is used in the converterstations, which may increase assembly complexity. This article deals with the use of devices with higher voltages ratings to keep the number of levels reasonable regarding the design constraints. Focusing on Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs), this paper shows that 9 kV and 6.5 kV IGCTs exhibit excellent performances compared to 4.5 kV devices and that they would be ideal for future +/-640kV/1 GW symmetric monopole HVDC links.
{"title":"High Voltage IGCTs for HVDC Converter-Stations","authors":"Davin Guédon, P. Ladoux, S. Sanchez, S. Cornet","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474610","url":null,"abstract":"The generalized expansion of HVDC systems for applications such as interconnection between countries and renewable energies is unquestionable. The performances and the efficiency of these links are crucial issues as they can transmit several TWh per year, while they are supposed to remain in operation during decades. With the broader use of modular multilevel converters, a huge quantity of semiconductor devices is used in the converterstations, which may increase assembly complexity. This article deals with the use of devices with higher voltages ratings to keep the number of levels reasonable regarding the design constraints. Focusing on Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs), this paper shows that 9 kV and 6.5 kV IGCTs exhibit excellent performances compared to 4.5 kV devices and that they would be ideal for future +/-640kV/1 GW symmetric monopole HVDC links.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129610461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474599
A. L'Abbate
This paper contributes to the investigations related to the future development of the power transmission system in Europe. In particular, the impact on the developed panEuropean zonal model due to the power flows through HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) and HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) corridors from/to the neighboring eastern and southern regions is analysed in a 2030 time horizon.
{"title":"Analysis of the pan-European power system evolution: effects of external HVAC and HVDC corridors","authors":"A. L'Abbate","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the investigations related to the future development of the power transmission system in Europe. In particular, the impact on the developed panEuropean zonal model due to the power flows through HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) and HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) corridors from/to the neighboring eastern and southern regions is analysed in a 2030 time horizon.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120978784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474597
C. Bruzek, A. Marian
This paper presents the main technological achievements of the first 3-gigawatt-class HVDC superconducting cable system, which was manufactured and successfully tested in the European project Best Paths. The technical focus is set on the cable conductor, the electrical insulation, and the high-voltage terminations. Furthermore, the implementation challenges of long-length systems are briefly outlined, along with environmental benefits and next steps for this new technology.
{"title":"Superconducting links for very high power transmission based on MgB2 wires","authors":"C. Bruzek, A. Marian","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the main technological achievements of the first 3-gigawatt-class HVDC superconducting cable system, which was manufactured and successfully tested in the European project Best Paths. The technical focus is set on the cable conductor, the electrical insulation, and the high-voltage terminations. Furthermore, the implementation challenges of long-length systems are briefly outlined, along with environmental benefits and next steps for this new technology.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133785284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474628
A. Battaglia, L. Buono, M. Marzinotto, F. Palone, S. Patti
LCC and VSC technologies has become recently an interesting topic of discussion. If the former has been put aside in favor of the latter for about 20 years in which only VSC technology pros were discussed, a deep insight into the peculiarity of the conversion of the LCC technology together with the utilization of a synchronous condenser put such “old” technology under the limelight again as a valid and comparable solution to the VSC technology. The future SACOI refurbishment in LCC together with a synchronous condenser will represent a demonstration. Such “high performances” LCC HVDC solution will be discussed in some aspect in this contribution.
{"title":"LCC and beyond: the new SaCoI link","authors":"A. Battaglia, L. Buono, M. Marzinotto, F. Palone, S. Patti","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC52364.2021.9474628","url":null,"abstract":"LCC and VSC technologies has become recently an interesting topic of discussion. If the former has been put aside in favor of the latter for about 20 years in which only VSC technology pros were discussed, a deep insight into the peculiarity of the conversion of the LCC technology together with the utilization of a synchronous condenser put such “old” technology under the limelight again as a valid and comparable solution to the VSC technology. The future SACOI refurbishment in LCC together with a synchronous condenser will represent a demonstration. Such “high performances” LCC HVDC solution will be discussed in some aspect in this contribution.","PeriodicalId":403034,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134442984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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