Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.012
Prasanth C.
The COVID-19 health crisis became a global economic crisis with mitigation measures leading to a steep decline in economic activity, disrupting demand and supply. To attenuate the economic impact of the pandemic, monetary and fiscal policies were used by governments, central banks and supranational institutions. This article analyzes the implications of fiscal and monetary policies used in India in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the country’s public debt. India’s adoption of a unique calibrated expenditure strategy through fiscal stimulus provided a cushion to mounting expenditure requirements in a scenario of falling government revenue. Widening fiscal deficits due to the increased need for fiscal spending on the one hand, and a decline in revenue generation owing to fall in economic activities on the other, saw a surge in India’s public debt. Coordinated efforts by monetary and fiscal authorities through conventional and non-conventional measures added new dimensions to India’s debt management strategy. The unprecedented magnitude of the crisis pushed the Government of India to relax its debt and deficit indicators until the economy can move back to normalcy. Keywords: COVID-19, Fiscal deficit, Fiscal policy, Fiscal stimulus, Monetary policy, Public debt.
{"title":"A fiscal perspective of policy responses to COVID-19: Evidences from Emerging Economy India","authors":"Prasanth C.","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 health crisis became a global economic crisis with mitigation measures leading to a steep decline in economic activity, disrupting demand and supply. To attenuate the economic impact of the pandemic, monetary and fiscal policies were used by governments, central banks and supranational institutions. This article analyzes the implications of fiscal and monetary policies used in India in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the country’s public debt. India’s adoption of a unique calibrated expenditure strategy through fiscal stimulus provided a cushion to mounting expenditure requirements in a scenario of falling government revenue. Widening fiscal deficits due to the increased need for fiscal spending on the one hand, and a decline in revenue generation owing to fall in economic activities on the other, saw a surge in India’s public debt. Coordinated efforts by monetary and fiscal authorities through conventional and non-conventional measures added new dimensions to India’s debt management strategy. The unprecedented magnitude of the crisis pushed the Government of India to relax its debt and deficit indicators until the economy can move back to normalcy. Keywords: COVID-19, Fiscal deficit, Fiscal policy, Fiscal stimulus, Monetary policy, Public debt.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41534776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.003
Neetu Singh
In contrast to external apparel, experiential aspects of lingerie, have received scant attention despite it being a product of high involvement by consumers with significant symbolic importance for women. This article investigates how brand experience influences Indian consumers of lingerie in their purchasing decisions, and whether this experience results in increased brand loyalty. This study employs the usage of a non-probability, quota sampling technique and is based on a questionnaire administered to 1,392 Indian women aged 18-44 and educated to at least the 12th grade. It calculates consumers’ consolidated brand experience score, based on sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioral dimensions. Data has been analyzed using Chi square tests to establish that brand experience indeed leads to brand loyalty for women consumers. This research can help lingerie brand manufacturers, retailers and marketers improve their consumers’ brand experience to influences consumer purchase motivation and brand loyalty. Keywords: Brand experience, Fashion marketing, Brand loyalty, Experiential marketing, Consumer behavior.
{"title":"The Role of Brand Experience in Formulating Brand Loyalty for Lingerie Buying Consumers of India","authors":"Neetu Singh","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to external apparel, experiential aspects of lingerie, have received scant attention despite it being a product of high involvement by consumers with significant symbolic importance for women. This article investigates how brand experience influences Indian consumers of lingerie in their purchasing decisions, and whether this experience results in increased brand loyalty. This study employs the usage of a non-probability, quota sampling technique and is based on a questionnaire administered to 1,392 Indian women aged 18-44 and educated to at least the 12th grade. It calculates consumers’ consolidated brand experience score, based on sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioral dimensions. Data has been analyzed using Chi square tests to establish that brand experience indeed leads to brand loyalty for women consumers. This research can help lingerie brand manufacturers, retailers and marketers improve their consumers’ brand experience to influences consumer purchase motivation and brand loyalty. Keywords: Brand experience, Fashion marketing, Brand loyalty, Experiential marketing, Consumer behavior.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.008
Shivinder Nijjer, K. Sood, S. Grima
Although the Information Technology (IT) sector accounts for the highest contribution to Gross Development Product in India, it has high employee turnover. This turnover is a waste of investment and detracts from organizations’ knowledge and experience pools. Person organization (PO) fit theories posit that when people are hired by and for organizations (not just individual jobs), they are less likely to quit. This study examines the benefits provided by IT firms to retain their employees and how these benefits’ effectiveness vary by designation and firm. It does so by employing the ‘work environment congruence’ approach to PO fit. Moreover, it proposes how to build a strategic model of the mix of benefits for retaining staff at different position levels (designations) in the firm. Findings show that preferred benefits differ by designation. For all factors except location, organization does not play an important role in retention, but designation impacts it in all the factors. Keywords: Retention strategies, Retaining employees, Information technology, Indian IT industry.
{"title":"Strategies to Retain Employees in the IT Industry: The Case In India","authors":"Shivinder Nijjer, K. Sood, S. Grima","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Information Technology (IT) sector accounts for the highest contribution to Gross Development Product in India, it has high employee turnover. This turnover is a waste of investment and detracts from organizations’ knowledge and experience pools. Person organization (PO) fit theories posit that when people are hired by and for organizations (not just individual jobs), they are less likely to quit. This study examines the benefits provided by IT firms to retain their employees and how these benefits’ effectiveness vary by designation and firm. It does so by employing the ‘work environment congruence’ approach to PO fit. Moreover, it proposes how to build a strategic model of the mix of benefits for retaining staff at different position levels (designations) in the firm. Findings show that preferred benefits differ by designation. For all factors except location, organization does not play an important role in retention, but designation impacts it in all the factors. Keywords: Retention strategies, Retaining employees, Information technology, Indian IT industry.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44188474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.004
Zubaida Qazi, Wasim Qazi, S. Raza, K. Khan, A. Umer
Social networking sites are powerful tools for forming relationships, enhancing cooperation, and facilitating the learning process. Today, students need to form associations and linkages with many people. It is essential to identify what encourages university students in Pakistan to use social media sites, in particular the popular platform Facebook. This article asks whether and how university students develop an intention to use Facebook and build social capital. Smart PLS was used for data analysis, and PLS-SEM was employed to assess measurements and structural models. It is argued that Facebook use intensity, perceived playfulness, bridging social capital, and bonding social capital all have positive and substantial effects on students developing an intention to use Facebook, which provides a valuable platform for formal and informal interactions. This article fulfills a gap in literature on higher education and social media. It explains the importance of social capital building through Facebook to the lives of university students. In addition, other factors are included for an in-depth understanding of students’ intention to continue using Facebook in Pakistan, which is a developing country where the internet and social media are increasing in popularity. Keywords: Facebook, Social capital, Social networking, University students, Smart PLS.
{"title":"Whether University Students Intent to Use Facebook for Social Capital Building? A PLS-SEM Approach","authors":"Zubaida Qazi, Wasim Qazi, S. Raza, K. Khan, A. Umer","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Social networking sites are powerful tools for forming relationships, enhancing cooperation, and facilitating the learning process. Today, students need to form associations and linkages with many people. It is essential to identify what encourages university students in Pakistan to use social media sites, in particular the popular platform Facebook. This article asks whether and how university students develop an intention to use Facebook and build social capital. Smart PLS was used for data analysis, and PLS-SEM was employed to assess measurements and structural models. It is argued that Facebook use intensity, perceived playfulness, bridging social capital, and bonding social capital all have positive and substantial effects on students developing an intention to use Facebook, which provides a valuable platform for formal and informal interactions. This article fulfills a gap in literature on higher education and social media. It explains the importance of social capital building through Facebook to the lives of university students. In addition, other factors are included for an in-depth understanding of students’ intention to continue using Facebook in Pakistan, which is a developing country where the internet and social media are increasing in popularity. Keywords: Facebook, Social capital, Social networking, University students, Smart PLS.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42691495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.007
I. Ali
The fatal COVID-19 pandemic generated panic across the world and disturbed global economic and social structures. It had a severe psychological effect on most of the world’s population. It also affected the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, a flagship project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This article analyzes the importance of the corridor for China and Pakistan and how it has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also aims to assess the preparation of China and Pakistan for similar threats in the future. China and Pakistan’s steadfast friendship has grown even more vital during the global battle against the coronavirus. The Chinese government immediately provided masks, protective equipment, and ventilators to Pakistan, and continued work on joint projects after the outbreak of COVID-19. Keywords: CPEC, BRI, COVID-19, HSR, Global structure, China, Pakistan, Connectivity.
{"title":"China Pakistan Economic Corridor of Belt and Road Initiative During Covid-19","authors":"I. Ali","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"The fatal COVID-19 pandemic generated panic across the world and disturbed global economic and social structures. It had a severe psychological effect on most of the world’s population. It also affected the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, a flagship project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This article analyzes the importance of the corridor for China and Pakistan and how it has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also aims to assess the preparation of China and Pakistan for similar threats in the future. China and Pakistan’s steadfast friendship has grown even more vital during the global battle against the coronavirus. The Chinese government immediately provided masks, protective equipment, and ventilators to Pakistan, and continued work on joint projects after the outbreak of COVID-19. Keywords: CPEC, BRI, COVID-19, HSR, Global structure, China, Pakistan, Connectivity.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.001
Kazım Karaboga
This study develops a marketing information system algorithm for determining whether and to what degree customers of mobile phone businesses prefer their own brands after experiencing problems with their current product, or in customer service or repair services during or at the end of an average use period for their product. With a process map and system algorithm, a data analytics model required for creating a satisfied and loyal customer group is described based on analysis results obtained by tracking/analyzing customer experiences in different processes. The article‘s findings can help to optimize product, sales, and service development activities focused on business profitability by highlighting data-driven customer experience tracking systems for business. Keywords Customer experience, CRM, Current customer, System algorithm, Conceptual modeling.
{"title":"A Suggested Model for Customer Relationship Management with Customer Experience-Oriented Data Optimization in the Mobile Phone Industry","authors":"Kazım Karaboga","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops a marketing information system algorithm for determining whether and to what degree customers of mobile phone businesses prefer their own brands after experiencing problems with their current product, or in customer service or repair services during or at the end of an average use period for their product. With a process map and system algorithm, a data analytics model required for creating a satisfied and loyal customer group is described based on analysis results obtained by tracking/analyzing customer experiences in different processes. The article‘s findings can help to optimize product, sales, and service development activities focused on business profitability by highlighting data-driven customer experience tracking systems for business. Keywords Customer experience, CRM, Current customer, System algorithm, Conceptual modeling.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.009
M. Dahiya, Ercan Özen, Kisan Yadav
This article attempts to assess the financial literacy of college students in India through the application of a questionnaire. The OECD/INFE Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy was employed to collect primary data from a random sample of 400 active university students, using financial behavior, financial knowledge, and financial attitude as variables. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS. This study finds that the Indian students surveyed have low financial literacy, with a score of 11.82 on a scale of 21. Students have very low awareness of compound interest, the erosion of buying power due to inflation, the benefits of diversification, and the use of credible information for financial decision-making. Financial literacy is indispensable for making proper financial decisions and financial education is important for students. Increased financial literacy will result in less financial concern and greater financial wellbeing. Keywords: Financial literacy, Financial wellbeing, College students.
{"title":"The Financial Literacy of College Students: Evidence From India","authors":"M. Dahiya, Ercan Özen, Kisan Yadav","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to assess the financial literacy of college students in India through the application of a questionnaire. The OECD/INFE Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy was employed to collect primary data from a random sample of 400 active university students, using financial behavior, financial knowledge, and financial attitude as variables. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS. This study finds that the Indian students surveyed have low financial literacy, with a score of 11.82 on a scale of 21. Students have very low awareness of compound interest, the erosion of buying power due to inflation, the benefits of diversification, and the use of credible information for financial decision-making. Financial literacy is indispensable for making proper financial decisions and financial education is important for students. Increased financial literacy will result in less financial concern and greater financial wellbeing. Keywords: Financial literacy, Financial wellbeing, College students.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90885134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.006
I. Gharti
The literature on indigenous movements tends to limit indigenous festivals and associated cultural practices to performances or strategies of peoples to profess an indigenous culture distinct from mainstream society. This it is claimed, is in a bid to secure membership to the global indigenous community and attain associated material gains. While this is a prominent aspect, the literature fails to recognize that festivals provoke the practice of politics in an everyday setting that, while seemingly proclaiming consent to indigenous movements, actually engender practices that shape, challenge, and resist such movements. This article is based on participatory observation and interviews with a Tamang community in Nepal and employs the concept of the practice of politics to argue that cultural performances such as festivals are an assertion of indigenous power in a shifting context that continuously contest the meanings of culture disseminated by indigenous movements; here, the Adivasi Janajati movement. Through exploring the paradoxical celebrations of the Lohsar and Dashain festivals by the Tamang, this article shows how participation in these festivals does legitimize the indigenous movement, but also challenges and modifies it, as festival meanings collide with the many intersecting interests of the community. Keywords: Indigenous peoples, Adivasi Janajati, Tamang, Nepal, Practice of politics, Dashain, Lohsar.
{"title":"Festivals as the Practice of Politics by the Tamangs of Rural Nepal","authors":"I. Gharti","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on indigenous movements tends to limit indigenous festivals and associated cultural practices to performances or strategies of peoples to profess an indigenous culture distinct from mainstream society. This it is claimed, is in a bid to secure membership to the global indigenous community and attain associated material gains. While this is a prominent aspect, the literature fails to recognize that festivals provoke the practice of politics in an everyday setting that, while seemingly proclaiming consent to indigenous movements, actually engender practices that shape, challenge, and resist such movements. This article is based on participatory observation and interviews with a Tamang community in Nepal and employs the concept of the practice of politics to argue that cultural performances such as festivals are an assertion of indigenous power in a shifting context that continuously contest the meanings of culture disseminated by indigenous movements; here, the Adivasi Janajati movement. Through exploring the paradoxical celebrations of the Lohsar and Dashain festivals by the Tamang, this article shows how participation in these festivals does legitimize the indigenous movement, but also challenges and modifies it, as festival meanings collide with the many intersecting interests of the community. Keywords: Indigenous peoples, Adivasi Janajati, Tamang, Nepal, Practice of politics, Dashain, Lohsar.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45021110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.005
Kunnawut Boonreak
This article analyzes media representations in Thailand of the Rohingya, an ethnic minority being persecuted in Myanmar, with a focus on those representations in faith-based media like the White Channel. Media representations help form people’s perceptions of others. Representations of the Rohingya as refugees and migrants, as a result of the interaction of rhetoric and ideology within the nation state, demonizes and paints the Rohingya as the ‘Other’, influencing public dialogue. However, individual Rohingya in Thailand are also steering the course for their own future by trying to tell their own stories. Keywords: Rohingya, Media and migration, Representation, Media portrayals, Faith-based organization.
{"title":"Negotiation of Representation of Rohingya in Thailand through Faith-Based Media","authors":"Kunnawut Boonreak","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes media representations in Thailand of the Rohingya, an ethnic minority being persecuted in Myanmar, with a focus on those representations in faith-based media like the White Channel. Media representations help form people’s perceptions of others. Representations of the Rohingya as refugees and migrants, as a result of the interaction of rhetoric and ideology within the nation state, demonizes and paints the Rohingya as the ‘Other’, influencing public dialogue. However, individual Rohingya in Thailand are also steering the course for their own future by trying to tell their own stories. Keywords: Rohingya, Media and migration, Representation, Media portrayals, Faith-based organization.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2023.010
Chanakan Wichit, Arratee Ayuttacorn
The Thailand government has marginalized, criminalized, and discriminated against migrant sex workers for decades and the COVID-19 pandemic has only increased the vulnerability of sex workers to hardship. Using a mixed research methodology including interviews, this article outlines the risks Shan sex workers in northern Thailand faced during the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020, their vulnerability contexts, and their coping strategies, including how institutional aid and existing assets impacted their livelihoods. Our findings reveal that Shan sex workers in Thailand have suffered primarily from oppressive laws and social stigma. They were excluded from government COVID-19 mitigation measures such as health services, compensation, and economic support. Identifying vulnerability factors highlights the difficulties of both systemic and individual-level responses, leading to suggestions for policymaking to improve the quality of sex workers’ lives. This study reveals that Shan sex workers are still being left behind and discriminated against in Thailand, but they have persevered to speak their minds and struggle to live through the COVID-19 crisis. There is an urgent need for Thailand authorities to decriminalize sex work and restructure the social security system so that it is inclusive for migrants. Keywords: Shan, Sex workers, COVID-19, Vulnerability, Coping strategy, Chiang Mai.
{"title":"Shan Female Sex Workers’ Vulnerabilities and Coping Strategies in Response to COVID-19 in Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"Chanakan Wichit, Arratee Ayuttacorn","doi":"10.12982/cmujasr.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"The Thailand government has marginalized, criminalized, and discriminated against migrant sex workers for decades and the COVID-19 pandemic has only increased the vulnerability of sex workers to hardship. Using a mixed research methodology including interviews, this article outlines the risks Shan sex workers in northern Thailand faced during the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020, their vulnerability contexts, and their coping strategies, including how institutional aid and existing assets impacted their livelihoods. Our findings reveal that Shan sex workers in Thailand have suffered primarily from oppressive laws and social stigma. They were excluded from government COVID-19 mitigation measures such as health services, compensation, and economic support. Identifying vulnerability factors highlights the difficulties of both systemic and individual-level responses, leading to suggestions for policymaking to improve the quality of sex workers’ lives. This study reveals that Shan sex workers are still being left behind and discriminated against in Thailand, but they have persevered to speak their minds and struggle to live through the COVID-19 crisis. There is an urgent need for Thailand authorities to decriminalize sex work and restructure the social security system so that it is inclusive for migrants. Keywords: Shan, Sex workers, COVID-19, Vulnerability, Coping strategy, Chiang Mai.","PeriodicalId":40330,"journal":{"name":"ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44369454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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