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Exploring a Relationship Between Stakeholder CSR and Corporate Image from a Developing Country 发展中国家企业社会责任与企业形象的关系研究
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2022.005
P. Aung, N. Win
ABSTRACT This article focuses on stakeholder corporate social responsibility (CSR) to predict the corporate image (CI) of banking users in Myanmar. Each dimension of stakeholder CSR was applied from a consumer perspective. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data using convenience sampling. Five hundred and seventy-four valid responses were received from banking users and were analyzed using a structural equation model. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between CSR’s four dimensions: CSR targeted at social and non-social stakeholders, at customers, at employees, and at government and CI. CSR targeted at customers was most influential on CI, while CSR targeted at social and non-social stakeholders was the least influential. These results should be used by banks to effectively design and implement CI through application of the stakeholder CSR model. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, Corporate image, Stakeholder.
本文以利益相关者企业社会责任(CSR)为研究对象,对缅甸银行用户的企业形象进行预测。利益相关者社会责任的每个维度都是从消费者的角度来应用的。采用结构化问卷,采用方便抽样法收集数据。从银行用户那里收到了574份有效回复,并使用结构方程模型进行了分析。结果表明,企业社会责任的社会利益相关者和非社会利益相关者、客户、员工和政府四个维度与企业社会责任之间存在显著的正相关关系。以客户为目标的企业社会责任对CI的影响最大,而以社会和非社会利益相关者为目标的企业社会责任对CI的影响最小。银行应该利用这些结果,通过应用利益相关者社会责任模型来有效地设计和实施CI。关键词:企业社会责任,企业形象,利益相关者
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引用次数: 0
Abduction, Dialogue and the Learning Paradox: How Metaphor Choice Affects Teaching in Multicultural Schools 溯因、对话与学习悖论:隐喻选择如何影响多元文化学校的教学
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2022.001
Nopparat Ruankool
ABSTRACT The learning paradox, an ancient inquiry found in Plato’s Meno, is still widely discussed today. It focuses on the puzzle of how students acquire new understandings out of the knowledge they already possess. Richard Prawat’s concept of abduction, or the use of metaphor by teachers, is a compelling answer, but not all metaphors are equally effective for all students, especially in multicultural schools where students have different cultural backgrounds and understandings. The utilization of a fixed metaphor that only some students comprehend can limit the learning opportunities of others. This article attempts to address this concern through applying Nicholas Burbules’ concept of'dialogue to the abductive process. Dialogue allows greater mutual understanding between learning counterparts despite their differences and opens up possibilities for other relevant metaphors. Consequently, the integration of dialogue in the abductive process assists a more equal acquirement of knowledge and enriches learning more holistically and meaningfully. Keywords: Learning paradox, Abduction, Dialogue, Metaphor, Multicultural schools.
学习悖论是柏拉图在《弥诺记》中提出的一个古老的问题,至今仍被广泛讨论。它关注的是学生如何从他们已经掌握的知识中获得新的理解。Richard Prawat的诱拐概念,即教师对隐喻的使用,是一个令人信服的答案,但并不是所有的隐喻对所有学生都同样有效,特别是在多元文化学校,学生有不同的文化背景和理解。使用只有部分学生理解的固定比喻会限制其他学生的学习机会。本文试图通过将尼古拉斯·伯布尔斯的“对话”概念应用于溯因过程来解决这一问题。对话使学习对象之间能够更好地相互理解,尽管他们存在差异,并为其他相关隐喻提供了可能性。因此,在习得过程中融入对话有助于更平等地获取知识,并更全面、更有意义地丰富学习。关键词:学习悖论,溯因,对话,隐喻,多元文化学校
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引用次数: 0
Vietnam's Tourism Industry and COVID-19: An Analysis of the Industry’s Challenges in the First Quarter of 2020 越南旅游业与COVID-19: 2020年第一季度旅游业挑战分析
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2022.002
R. Jalagat Jr., P. Aquino Jr.
ABSTRACT The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate how Vietnam has overcome the challenges confronting the tourism industry during the COVID 19 pandemic. Today, Vietnam is considered a premiere tourism destination and has a comparatively low COVID-19 death rate. COVID-19 has claimed over a million lives since early 2020 and has caused political, economic, social, and environmental paralysis. However, Vietnam's resilience, recovery from lockdowns, timely policy responses, and the cooperation of citizens and residents assisted the fight against this contagious disease. Secondary data from available government, newspaper, and academic sources are analysed in order to evaluate Vietnam’s tourism industry's success at battling the challenges of COVID-19. Recommendations are proposed to strengthen the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism’s coordination with other ministries in devising plans and programs to overcome future crises that are likely to negatively impact the tourism industry. Keywords: COVID-19, Tourism industry, Vietnam.
本文的主要目的是评估越南如何克服COVID - 19大流行期间旅游业面临的挑战。如今,越南被视为首要旅游目的地,COVID-19死亡率相对较低。自2020年初以来,COVID-19已夺去了100多万人的生命,并造成了政治、经济、社会和环境瘫痪。然而,越南的韧性、从封锁中恢复过来、及时的政策应对以及公民和居民的合作有助于抗击这种传染病。本文分析了来自政府、报纸和学术来源的二手数据,以评估越南旅游业在应对COVID-19挑战方面的成功。建议加强文化体育观光部与其他部门在制定计划和方案方面的协调,以克服可能对旅游业产生负面影响的未来危机。关键词:新冠肺炎,旅游业,越南
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying and Evaluating Male Child Preference in Pakistan 巴基斯坦男孩偏好的量化与评估
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2022.004
Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi, M. Zafar, N. Ali, S. Parveen, Hira Ashraf, Mahnoor Awan, A. M. Rashid, Muntaha Tariq
ABSTRACT Preference for male over female children is entrenched in many Asian and African countries. This can result in premature mortality of female babies, an increase in the number of young unmarried males, an excalation in violence, antisocial behavior and frustration due to a lack of females. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of desire for male children among the general population of parents in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Karachi public sector hospital with 300 participants selected through convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using statistical software and the chi-square test and logistic regression was used to determine the outcome variable and associated risk factors. Of the 300 participants, 53.3 percent of study participants were in the age group of 18–30 years. The preference for male and female children was 37.5 percent and 23.9 percent, respectively. The overall son preference index was 1.94; showing a strong preference toward sons. After adjustment of covariates, the age group of 18–30 years and those of lower and middle socioeconomic class significantly preferred male over female children. Participants in general showed interest in both male and female children, but there was a stronger desire for a male child, showing a deeply rooted cultural mindset. The approach of parents towards females should be changed in order to eliminate existing omnipresent discrimination against female children. Keywords: Male child prevalence, Male child desire, Female child, inequality.
在许多亚非国家,重男轻女的观念根深蒂固。这可能导致女婴过早死亡、年轻未婚男性数量增加、暴力行为加剧、反社会行为以及因缺乏女性而感到沮丧。本研究的目的是确定在巴基斯坦父母的一般人群中对男孩的渴望的流行程度。在卡拉奇一家公立医院进行了一项横断面研究,通过方便抽样选择了300名参与者。采用统计软件对资料进行分析,采用卡方检验和logistic回归确定结局变量及相关危险因素。在300名参与者中,53.3%的研究参与者年龄在18-30岁之间。对男孩和女孩的偏好分别为37.5%和23.9%。总体重男轻女指数为1.94;表现出强烈的重男轻女的。协变量调整后,18-30岁年龄组和中低社会经济阶层显著偏爱男孩而不是女孩。参与者普遍对男孩和女孩都表现出兴趣,但对男孩的渴望更强烈,显示出根深蒂固的文化心态。应改变父母对待女性的态度,以消除目前普遍存在的对女童的歧视。关键词:男孩患病率,男孩欲望,女孩,不平等。
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引用次数: 0
A Thematic Analysis of Paternalistic Leadership 家长式领导的专题分析
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2021.010
Birol Baysak, Mahmut Bilgetürk
This review article aims to examine studies about paternalistic leadership (PL) and present an overview of the literatures’ themes. The study examined articles based on their types, practices, institutions, and country distribution. A total of 271 articles were determined suitable for review. Papers were coded sequentially, and subthemes were created inductively rather than by attempting to fit them into a preexisting coding framework. Based on thematic analysis, four key themes emerged: the individual, organizations, leaders, and others. Most of the studies reviewed were empirical and quantitative. As this review article contributes a review of the literature on PL and defines its four top thematic groups, it serves as a guide for future researchers studying PL. Keywords: Paternalistic leadership, moral leadership, benevolent leadership, authoritarian leadership
本文旨在检视有关家长式领导(PL)的研究,并概述相关文献的主题。该研究根据文章的类型、实践、制度和国家分布对文章进行了审查。共有271篇文章被确定为适合的综述。论文是按顺序编码的,子主题是归纳性地创建的,而不是试图将它们放入预先存在的编码框架中。基于主题分析,出现了四个关键主题:个人、组织、领导者和其他人。所回顾的大多数研究都是经验性和定量的。这篇综述文章对领导力的相关文献进行了回顾,并定义了其四大主题群体,为未来研究领导力的研究者提供了指导。关键词:家长式领导、道德领导、仁慈领导、专制领导
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引用次数: 0
China and E-sports in the Digital Era 数字时代的中国与电子竞技
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2021.009
Shuang Lin, Asraful Khan
The contemporary digital era cannot be conceived of without information and communication technologies permeating all aspects of the community and economy. The production of electronic commodities and e-commerce are the foundations of the digital economy and e-sports form one of its components. China has the most significant e-sports industry in the world, with profits estimated to reach US$385 million in 2021, compared to the rest of the world, where revenue is expected to reach just US$252.5 million. The importance of e-sports to China's digital economy is becoming more evident over time. This article provides details of e-sports in China, from its historical background to the contemporary situation. Keywords: China’s e-sports, China’s revenue, Digital era, E-sports, Sports industry
如果没有信息和通信技术渗透到社会和经济的各个方面,就无法想象当代数字时代。电子商品的生产和电子商务是数字经济的基础,电子竞技是数字经济的组成部分之一。中国拥有世界上最重要的电子竞技产业,预计到2021年利润将达到3.85亿美元,而世界其他地区的收入预计仅为2.525亿美元。随着时间的推移,电子竞技对中国数字经济的重要性越来越明显。本文详细介绍了电子竞技在中国的发展情况,从其历史背景到当代形势。关键词:中国电子竞技,中国收入,数字时代,电子竞技,体育产业
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引用次数: 0
E-commerce Regulations in an Emerging Era: The Role of the WTO in Resolving the Complexities of Electronic Trade 新兴时代的电子商务法规:WTO在解决电子贸易复杂性中的作用
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2021.008
Asif Khan
The World Trade Organization has responded slowly to issues pertaining to harmonizing the digital economy among its member states. Because of the complex, multidimensional electronic commerce environment, there are diverse interests and conflicts among states on internet regulation. However, agreements at World Trade Organization forums act as intermediary responsibilities in forming a safe, sure, and reliable guiding structure for electronic commerce. Thus, agreements are a significant way to facilitate the advancement of the digital economy. Currently, there is no all-inclusive program for change at the World Trade Organization. This paper focuses on overhauling the organization to be in line and able to handle challenging contemporary trade treaties and manage issues relating to the digital economy. Keywords: Digital economy, Dispute settlement, Electronic commerce, GATS, Liberalization, WTO law reform, Agreements
世界贸易组织(wto)在协调其成员国之间数字经济的问题上反应迟缓。由于复杂、多维的电子商务环境,各国在互联网监管上存在着不同的利益和冲突。然而,世界贸易组织论坛上的协议在为电子商务形成一个安全、可靠和可靠的指导结构方面起着中介作用。因此,协议是促进数字经济发展的重要途径。目前,世界贸易组织没有包罗万象的改革计划。本文的重点是改革该组织,使其符合并能够处理具有挑战性的当代贸易条约,并管理与数字经济有关的问题。关键词:数字经济,争端解决,电子商务,关贸总协定,自由化,WTO法律改革,协议
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引用次数: 1
Methods of Coping with the Class Engagement Crisis in the Philippines’ COVID-19 New Normal 菲律宾新冠肺炎新常态下应对课堂参与危机的方法
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2021.006
S. V. Ramos
In the ‘new normal’ of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to increase class engagement and help teachers scaffold students’ needs. This article examines the class engagement crisis between teachers and students in the Philippines and seeks to determine coping methods of teachers and students. Research for the article employed two survey questionnaires: one on teaching-learning crises and one on coping methods. The data was then analyzed and tabulated by frequency and percentage distribution. The results revealed that in the class engagement crisis, 90.3 percent of teachers agreed that the majority of teachers must be accommodating rather than imposing because students experienced delays due to intermittent internet connectivity. In terms of the class engagement crisis for students, 68.9 percent of students are still adjusting to the new normal; some are experiencing stress and worry. In terms of class engagement coping methods, 87.1 percent of teachers chose consultation, while 64.4 percent of students chose to seek information. The study concluded that in this new normal environment, teachers need to adjust to the situations of their students, particularly regarding internet connectivity. Consultation with students is necessary to address their concerns, while students need to cope with the challenges encountered through seeking notions related to class engagement. Keywords: Class engagement crisis, Coping methods, New normal, Tuition-free, Teacher, Students
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的远程教育“新常态”中,迫切需要提高课堂参与度,帮助教师了解学生的需求。本文考察了菲律宾教师和学生之间的课堂参与危机,并试图确定教师和学生的应对方法。本文的研究采用了两份调查问卷,一份是关于教学危机的调查问卷,一份是关于应对方法的调查问卷。然后根据频率和百分比分布对数据进行分析和制表。调查结果显示,在课堂投入危机中,90.3%的教师认为,由于网络连接断断续续,学生们经历了延迟,因此大多数教师必须包容而不是强加。在学生课堂投入危机方面,68.9%的学生仍在适应新常态;有些人正在经历压力和担忧。在课堂参与应对方式方面,87.1%的教师选择咨询,64.4%的学生选择寻求信息。研究得出结论,在这种新常态环境下,教师需要适应学生的情况,特别是在互联网连接方面。与学生进行协商是必要的,以解决他们的担忧,而学生需要通过寻求与课堂参与相关的概念来应对遇到的挑战。关键词:课堂投入危机,应对方法,新常态,免学费,教师,学生
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引用次数: 0
Coping with COVID-19 Isolation in Kerala, India: A Qualitative Analysis 印度喀拉拉邦应对COVID-19隔离:定性分析
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2021.007
Jasseer Jabbar, Shibu Dharmarajan, Athira P. Ramachandran, Alisha Jasseer
COVID-19 has had a negative impact on all areas of human life. Populations both directly and indirectly affected faced similar challenges to a certain extent. This article explores the emergent attitudes and healthcare practices of COVID-19-affected people during the period of their isolation after positive infection, following a qualitative research design. A total of ten participants from Malappuram District, Kerala State, India were selected for the study by the convenience sampling method. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to understand their emergent attitudes and health care practices. The results show that the attitudes and vulnerabilities of the individual during quarantine, environmental factors, and access and availability of resources, are the individual and social factors leading to major psychological impacts on participants during COVID-19 quarantines. Coping strategies and healthcare practices, mental health related practices, social connectivity, socioeconomic status and social support are individual and social factors that helped participants to overcome negative psychological impacts. Keywords: Emergent attitudes, Healthcare practices, COVID-19 survivors
COVID-19对人类生活的各个领域都产生了负面影响。直接和间接受影响的人口在一定程度上都面临着类似的挑战。本文采用定性研究设计,探讨新冠病毒感染者在阳性感染后隔离期间的应急态度和医疗保健做法。采用方便抽样法,从印度喀拉拉邦马拉普兰区选取10名参与者进行研究。进行半结构化电话访谈,以了解他们的紧急态度和保健做法。结果表明,个体在隔离期间的态度和脆弱性、环境因素、资源的获取和可用性是导致参与者在COVID-19隔离期间主要心理影响的个体和社会因素。应对策略和保健做法、心理健康相关做法、社会连通性、社会经济地位和社会支持是帮助参与者克服负面心理影响的个人和社会因素。关键词:应急态度,医疗实践,COVID-19幸存者
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualizing ‘Other’ in the Context of Mizo Identity 米佐族认同背景下的“他者”概念化
Q4 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.12982/cmujasr.2021.001
Zarzosanga *
ABSTRACT The concepts of ‘Us’ and ‘Others’ has been a persistent factor in the history of Mizo identity formation. The perception of the ‘other’ in the Mizo psyche has shaped and molded the growth and evolution of Mizo identity throughout the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods. This article aims to trace and examine the origin of the Mizo perception of ‘others’ and to evaluate how it has affected the realization and conception of Mizo identity among the Mizo themselves, vis-à-vis a pan-Indian identity. In so doing, the article outlines the theoretical perception of the term ‘identity’, the roots of the conception of Mizo identity in the pre-colonial period and how that identity was shaped by the conception of the ‘other’ in the early Mizo psyche. The article then traces the evolution of that ‘other’ during the colonial period and its subsequent impact on the Mizo identity itself as well as how it differed from the pre-colonial conception of the ‘other’. The article concludes by analyzing the further growth and evolution of Mizo identity in the post-colonial period and how that evolution again affects the Mizo conception of the ‘other’ and vice versa, and highlights the future sociopolitical and cultural implications of that conception in the context of Mizo identity perception. Keywords: Britain, Christianity, Identity, Lushai, Mizo, Other
“我们”和“他者”的概念在米佐人身份形成的历史中一直是一个持久的因素。在整个前殖民、殖民和后殖民时期,米佐人对“他者”的认知塑造了米佐人身份的成长和演变。本文旨在追溯和研究米佐人对“他人”的认知的起源,并评估它如何影响米佐人自身对米佐身份的实现和概念,即-à-vis泛印度身份。在此过程中,文章概述了“身份”一词的理论认知,前殖民时期米佐身份概念的根源,以及早期米佐心理中的“他者”概念如何塑造了这种身份。然后,文章追溯了“他者”在殖民时期的演变及其对米佐人身份本身的后续影响,以及它与殖民前“他者”概念的不同之处。文章最后分析了后殖民时期米佐身份的进一步发展和演变,以及这种演变如何再次影响米佐人对“他者”的概念,反之亦然,并强调了该概念在米佐身份认知背景下的未来社会政治和文化含义。关键词:英国,基督教,认同,芦海,米佐,他者
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引用次数: 0
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ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
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