Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-ln2uqaej
Mudassir H., Murtala M. R.
Understanding the geohydrological properties of a drainage basin in relation to the topographical feature and its flow patterns depends heavily on morphometric analysis. Estimating a watershed's frequency of infiltration and runoff as well as its other hydrological characteristics is also helpful. The study was conducted using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques with the aim of establishing relationship between surface morphometry, underlying geology and groundwater recharge. For detailed measurement and analysis, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and high resolution imageries were employed for basin delineation, slope characterization, channel network extraction and stream ordering in order to derive the linear, areal, and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The findings showed that a total number of 116 streams joined the 4th order stream in which 83 streams were 1st order, 25 streams were 2nd order, 7 streams were 3rd order and the major trunk was 4th order stream, occupied an area of 1486.86km2. The stream network's drainage system exhibits dendritic design. The results further indicate that the values for stream frequency, infiltration number, drainage density, drainage texture, length of overland flow, elongation ratio and basin relief are 0.08, 0.032, 0.41km/km2, 0.023, 1.22km, 0.54 and 28.59m respectively. The observed values of both linear, areal and relief parameters were generally low. Low values for the areal and relief criteria indicates that the sub-basin is at its youthful stage of development and possesses very good permeable subsurface formation and prospect with the possibility of high potential groundwater resources. The result help us understand the connections between hydrological variables and geomorphological parameters as guidance and/or decision-making instruments for the authorities to develop decisions for the environmentally friendly growth of the basin, water supply planning, water budgeting, and disaster mitigation within the Hadejia river sub-basin.
{"title":"Investigation of the Basin Characteristics through Morphometric Analysis of Hadejia River Sub-Basin: Implications for Groundwater Recharge","authors":"Mudassir H., Murtala M. R.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-ln2uqaej","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-ln2uqaej","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the geohydrological properties of a drainage basin in relation to the topographical feature and its flow patterns depends heavily on morphometric analysis. Estimating a watershed's frequency of infiltration and runoff as well as its other hydrological characteristics is also helpful. The study was conducted using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques with the aim of establishing relationship between surface morphometry, underlying geology and groundwater recharge. For detailed measurement and analysis, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and high resolution imageries were employed for basin delineation, slope characterization, channel network extraction and stream ordering in order to derive the linear, areal, and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The findings showed that a total number of 116 streams joined the 4th order stream in which 83 streams were 1st order, 25 streams were 2nd order, 7 streams were 3rd order and the major trunk was 4th order stream, occupied an area of 1486.86km2. The stream network's drainage system exhibits dendritic design. The results further indicate that the values for stream frequency, infiltration number, drainage density, drainage texture, length of overland flow, elongation ratio and basin relief are 0.08, 0.032, 0.41km/km2, 0.023, 1.22km, 0.54 and 28.59m respectively. The observed values of both linear, areal and relief parameters were generally low. Low values for the areal and relief criteria indicates that the sub-basin is at its youthful stage of development and possesses very good permeable subsurface formation and prospect with the possibility of high potential groundwater resources. The result help us understand the connections between hydrological variables and geomorphological parameters as guidance and/or decision-making instruments for the authorities to develop decisions for the environmentally friendly growth of the basin, water supply planning, water budgeting, and disaster mitigation within the Hadejia river sub-basin.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"79 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-no8mpitk
Olisah N. C., Obiekezie T. N.
A geophysical survey using electrical resistivity method was conducted around Old Ikenga Hotel, Nsukka in Enugu State, Nigeria to investigate the groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the area. The project area lies within latitudes 6°50'4.0''N – 6°57'52.0"N and longitudes 7°21'6.3"E – 7°28'12.0"E, and covers an area of about 89.6 km2. Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out with a digital read out resistivity meter (ABEM SAS 1000). The VES points were marked at 25 m and 75 m along a 100 m line. A total of eight soundings were carried out in the area. The VES data collected were interpreted using INTERPEX software and the results presented in terms of resistivity, thickness, depth and lithology. The lithology was inferred by correlating the result to the lithology log of the borehole drilled in the hotel and the geology of the study area. The VES result shows lithologic layers varying from 4 to 5. Aquiferous sand and Aquiferous sandy shale constitute the aquifer units in the area at depth of 30.26 m to 188.20 m, with their thickness ranging from 30 m to 74 m as shown by their isopach map. The aquifer protective capacity was determined by calculating for longitudinal conductance and matching the values to known standards. The calculated longitudinal conductance varies from 0.0409 to 3.1235 mhos. The interpreted VES results reveal poor, moderate, good and very good aquifer protective capacities of the overburden layers.
{"title":"Estimation of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Protective Capacity Within Old Ikenga Hotel, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Olisah N. C., Obiekezie T. N.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-no8mpitk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-no8mpitk","url":null,"abstract":"A geophysical survey using electrical resistivity method was conducted around Old Ikenga Hotel, Nsukka in Enugu State, Nigeria to investigate the groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the area. The project area lies within latitudes 6°50'4.0''N – 6°57'52.0\"N and longitudes 7°21'6.3\"E – 7°28'12.0\"E, and covers an area of about 89.6 km2. Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out with a digital read out resistivity meter (ABEM SAS 1000). The VES points were marked at 25 m and 75 m along a 100 m line. A total of eight soundings were carried out in the area. The VES data collected were interpreted using INTERPEX software and the results presented in terms of resistivity, thickness, depth and lithology. The lithology was inferred by correlating the result to the lithology log of the borehole drilled in the hotel and the geology of the study area. The VES result shows lithologic layers varying from 4 to 5. Aquiferous sand and Aquiferous sandy shale constitute the aquifer units in the area at depth of 30.26 m to 188.20 m, with their thickness ranging from 30 m to 74 m as shown by their isopach map. The aquifer protective capacity was determined by calculating for longitudinal conductance and matching the values to known standards. The calculated longitudinal conductance varies from 0.0409 to 3.1235 mhos. The interpreted VES results reveal poor, moderate, good and very good aquifer protective capacities of the overburden layers.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"30 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-h1og8f5u
Oche J. O., Joseph O. O., Stephen E.
Unregulated lithium mining in Nigeria poses severe environmental and health risks akin to the historical devastation caused by oil extraction in the Niger Delta, where oil exploration activities led to oil spills and gas flaring, resulting in soil and water contamination, biodiversity loss, and public health crises. Similarly, lithium extraction depletes and contaminates water, exacerbating water scarcity and health issues. Hazardous by-products from lithium mining, such as heavy metals and toxic chemicals, often cause air pollution, environmental degradation, and severe respiratory and systemic health problems. To prevent a repeat of the catastrophic outcomes seen in the Niger Delta, stringent environmental regulations, comprehensive impact assessments, and community involvement are imperative. Establishing a specialized regulatory body and adopting best practices from established lithium mining countries can ensure the sustainable and safe exploitation of lithium resources.
{"title":"Environmental and Health Impacts of Unregulated Lithium Mining Practices: Lessons from Nigeria's Oil Industry","authors":"Oche J. O., Joseph O. O., Stephen E.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-h1og8f5u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-h1og8f5u","url":null,"abstract":"Unregulated lithium mining in Nigeria poses severe environmental and health risks akin to the historical devastation caused by oil extraction in the Niger Delta, where oil exploration activities led to oil spills and gas flaring, resulting in soil and water contamination, biodiversity loss, and public health crises. Similarly, lithium extraction depletes and contaminates water, exacerbating water scarcity and health issues. Hazardous by-products from lithium mining, such as heavy metals and toxic chemicals, often cause air pollution, environmental degradation, and severe respiratory and systemic health problems. To prevent a repeat of the catastrophic outcomes seen in the Niger Delta, stringent environmental regulations, comprehensive impact assessments, and community involvement are imperative. Establishing a specialized regulatory body and adopting best practices from established lithium mining countries can ensure the sustainable and safe exploitation of lithium resources.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-snth4zma
Egbon I. Y., Okorie G. T., Imade O. S.
Myriads of microorganisms present in dumpsite leachates produce varieties of extracellular enzymes that can degrade toxic compounds to innocuous products. The present study involved a seasonal survey of bacterial species and their bioremediation potentials in leachate from the Ikueniro open solid waste dumpsite situated in Uhunmwode Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. Bacterial isolation and enumeration of the leachate samples was carried out using pour plate technique. Phenotypic techniques and 16S rRNA gene analysis identified the bacterial isolates. The bacterial mastermix for bioremediation of the leachate consisted of a consortium of bacterial strains isolated from leachate discharging from the Ikhueniro dumpsite. The bioremediation efficiency of the leachate was deduced by measurement of heavy metals and other chemical analytes using standard methods prescribed by the American Public Health Association. The bacterial species isolated from Ikueniro dumpsite such as Bacillus licheniformis strain EGBON & OKORIE 103 and Klebsiella aerogenes strain EGBON & OKORIE 108 were deposited in the United States NCBI GenBank. A consortium of these bacterial strains served as inocula for the bioremediation setup. A huge removal of ammonia from the leachate was observed during the 28-day bioremediation experiment, amounting to a mean bioremediation efficiency of 80.65%. The removal of the heavy metals from the raw leachate by the bacterial mastermix in increasing order was as follows: nickel
{"title":"Seasonal Survey of Bacterial Species and their Bioremediation Potentials in Leachates from a Nigerian Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite","authors":"Egbon I. Y., Okorie G. T., Imade O. S.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-snth4zma","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-snth4zma","url":null,"abstract":"Myriads of microorganisms present in dumpsite leachates produce varieties of extracellular enzymes that can degrade toxic compounds to innocuous products. The present study involved a seasonal survey of bacterial species and their bioremediation potentials in leachate from the Ikueniro open solid waste dumpsite situated in Uhunmwode Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. Bacterial isolation and enumeration of the leachate samples was carried out using pour plate technique. Phenotypic techniques and 16S rRNA gene analysis identified the bacterial isolates. The bacterial mastermix for bioremediation of the leachate consisted of a consortium of bacterial strains isolated from leachate discharging from the Ikhueniro dumpsite. The bioremediation efficiency of the leachate was deduced by measurement of heavy metals and other chemical analytes using standard methods prescribed by the American Public Health Association. The bacterial species isolated from Ikueniro dumpsite such as Bacillus licheniformis strain EGBON & OKORIE 103 and Klebsiella aerogenes strain EGBON & OKORIE 108 were deposited in the United States NCBI GenBank. A consortium of these bacterial strains served as inocula for the bioremediation setup. A huge removal of ammonia from the leachate was observed during the 28-day bioremediation experiment, amounting to a mean bioremediation efficiency of 80.65%. The removal of the heavy metals from the raw leachate by the bacterial mastermix in increasing order was as follows: nickel<copper<zinc<lead<iron<cadmium<arsenic<mercury. Bioremediation of the leachate using indigenous bacteria promises to be an effective tool for management of toxicants from leachates of open solid waste dumpsites.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"23 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-nn6sz2hb
Oyelakin R., Aiyesanmi A.
There is a growing increase in pollution of the aquatic ecosystems with a wide range of chemicals including herbicides and heavy metals input through anthropogenic activities, leading to disruption of ecological balance. This study used a static toxicity bioassay to examine the interaction between heavy metals (Pb and Cr) and organophosphorus herbicides (analytical grade glyphosate, commercially formulated - Roundup and Forceup) on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL 1822). Lethal concentrations (LC50) for roundup (RU), forceup (FU), analytical grade glyphosate (AGG), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) were 17.23 mg/l, 4877 mg/l, 131.12 mg/l, 21.16 mg/l, and 74.82 mg/l respectively. In addition, fish exposed to varying concentration of chromium (5.0 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l) and lead (20 mg/l and 25 mg/l) with glyphosate (RU: 10 mg/l; FU: 4300 mg/l; and AGG: 100 mg/l) for 96 hours were examined for biochemical parameters. Blood plasma examined for liver and kidney profile indices showed that kidney functions’ parameters (protein, albumin, AST-aspartate aminotransferase, ALT-alanine aminotransferase and Bilirubin) and liver functions parameters (urea and creatinine) increased significantly (p<0.05) when glyphosates combined with lead and chromium treated groups compared with the control group. This study therefore, showed that low concentrations of combined toxicants of glyphosates and heavy metals (Cr and Pb) will synergistically induce deleterious effects on the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus.
{"title":"Effect of Lead and Chromium on the Toxicity of Glyphosate Herbicides to African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822)","authors":"Oyelakin R., Aiyesanmi A.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-nn6sz2hb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-nn6sz2hb","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing increase in pollution of the aquatic ecosystems with a wide range of chemicals including herbicides and heavy metals input through anthropogenic activities, leading to disruption of ecological balance. This study used a static toxicity bioassay to examine the interaction between heavy metals (Pb and Cr) and organophosphorus herbicides (analytical grade glyphosate, commercially formulated - Roundup and Forceup) on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL 1822). Lethal concentrations (LC50) for roundup (RU), forceup (FU), analytical grade glyphosate (AGG), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) were 17.23 mg/l, 4877 mg/l, 131.12 mg/l, 21.16 mg/l, and 74.82 mg/l respectively. In addition, fish exposed to varying concentration of chromium (5.0 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l) and lead (20 mg/l and 25 mg/l) with glyphosate (RU: 10 mg/l; FU: 4300 mg/l; and AGG: 100 mg/l) for 96 hours were examined for biochemical parameters. Blood plasma examined for liver and kidney profile indices showed that kidney functions’ parameters (protein, albumin, AST-aspartate aminotransferase, ALT-alanine aminotransferase and Bilirubin) and liver functions parameters (urea and creatinine) increased significantly (p<0.05) when glyphosates combined with lead and chromium treated groups compared with the control group. This study therefore, showed that low concentrations of combined toxicants of glyphosates and heavy metals (Cr and Pb) will synergistically induce deleterious effects on the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"12 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-koohd0nm
Babatunde A. A.
This study evaluated the demand and supply of land parcels at the Federal Capital City Abuja, Nigeria from 2006 and 2015, and as well ascertained the efficiency of service delivery of Abuja Geographic Information System which will help understand the reason for the short falls of the e-LA in the FCT. The primary data sources of this study were from stakeholders of land administration via questionnaire administration as well as data gathered from scheduled interviews to sample the opinion of staff of the Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS), the agency in charge of Land Administration in the Abuja, to determine the overall system of e-LA in the FCT, management of e-LA activities and the operations as well as knowing if the organizations saddled with the responsibility of e-LA have the required number of staff. It recognizes the need for individual workers to function properly through education and training programs and determine the overall vision, efficiency of their implementation of e-LA and the performance of the system in meeting the challenge of e-LA. The result of the SWOT matrix of Abuja Geographic Information System revealed Weaknesses of Abuja Geographic Information System (AGIS) greater than its Strengths. Threats were greater than Opportunities, so it is easy to conclude that Abuja Geographic Information System (AGIS) has not managed e-LA in the FCT effectively and efficiently but it has managed to survive and cope with the management. As established from the study, Abuja Geographic Information System procedures do not engender equality and fairness.
{"title":"Assessment of E-Land Administration in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Babatunde A. A.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-koohd0nm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-koohd0nm","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the demand and supply of land parcels at the Federal Capital City Abuja, Nigeria from 2006 and 2015, and as well ascertained the efficiency of service delivery of Abuja Geographic Information System which will help understand the reason for the short falls of the e-LA in the FCT. The primary data sources of this study were from stakeholders of land administration via questionnaire administration as well as data gathered from scheduled interviews to sample the opinion of staff of the Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS), the agency in charge of Land Administration in the Abuja, to determine the overall system of e-LA in the FCT, management of e-LA activities and the operations as well as knowing if the organizations saddled with the responsibility of e-LA have the required number of staff. It recognizes the need for individual workers to function properly through education and training programs and determine the overall vision, efficiency of their implementation of e-LA and the performance of the system in meeting the challenge of e-LA. The result of the SWOT matrix of Abuja Geographic Information System revealed Weaknesses of Abuja Geographic Information System (AGIS) greater than its Strengths. Threats were greater than Opportunities, so it is easy to conclude that Abuja Geographic Information System (AGIS) has not managed e-LA in the FCT effectively and efficiently but it has managed to survive and cope with the management. As established from the study, Abuja Geographic Information System procedures do not engender equality and fairness.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-dov7m2ll
Ifeoma M. N., Nnawugwu N., Faith N. C., Austin O. O., Uchechi I. A., Eberechi E. E.
The rising demand for food and other essentials due to increase in urban population had perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste generated daily by each household. In this study, soil physicochemical parameters (pH, SOM, TN, Exchangeable bases of Ca, Mg, Na, K, CEC) and heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd) concentration in two dumpsites in Owerri North were assessed and compared with the control soils from the same terrain using standard analytical methods. The results show that the both the dumpsites and the control sites had high % sand (>80.0%) with lower clay and silt contents. Soil mean pH varied between 5.08±0.01 in the control of Nekede and 8.20±0.02 in the main dumpsite of Egbu. The SOM ranged from 0.619±0.57 to 2.410±0.85% with the Nekede dumpsite having clear variation of SOM with its control comparable to Egbu dumpsite SOM. Total nitrogen (N) content ranged from 0.112±0.08 to 0.196±0.08%. Available P ranged from 14.92±0.99 to 85.81±0.76 mg/kg. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied between 19.6±0.97 to 25.2±1.24 Cmol/kg. Exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na, were far above the critical levels set by FAO for agricultural soil. Cu concentration ranged from 0.92±0.20 to 1.67±0.25. Pb was found in trace amount (<0.0001±0.01 mg/kg) in both dumpsites and control sites. Mean concentration of Cr in the dumpsite soils varied between 1.89±0.58 and 3.77±2.26 mg/kg in the two dumpsites, while Cd was found to be higher than the soil permissible limit. It ranges from 2.08±0.80 to 4.51±1.86 mg/kg. Conclusively, the concentrations of heavy metals studied in the soil were found to be lower than the maximum permissible limit except Cd. However, the dumpsite though high in soil nutrients and low in evaluated heavy metals might be unsafe for human consumption due to but high concentration of Cd in the study area.
{"title":"Spatial Assessment of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Open Dumpsites in Owerri North Nigeria","authors":"Ifeoma M. N., Nnawugwu N., Faith N. C., Austin O. O., Uchechi I. A., Eberechi E. E.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-dov7m2ll","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-dov7m2ll","url":null,"abstract":"The rising demand for food and other essentials due to increase in urban population had perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste generated daily by each household. In this study, soil physicochemical parameters (pH, SOM, TN, Exchangeable bases of Ca, Mg, Na, K, CEC) and heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd) concentration in two dumpsites in Owerri North were assessed and compared with the control soils from the same terrain using standard analytical methods. The results show that the both the dumpsites and the control sites had high % sand (>80.0%) with lower clay and silt contents. Soil mean pH varied between 5.08±0.01 in the control of Nekede and 8.20±0.02 in the main dumpsite of Egbu. The SOM ranged from 0.619±0.57 to 2.410±0.85% with the Nekede dumpsite having clear variation of SOM with its control comparable to Egbu dumpsite SOM. Total nitrogen (N) content ranged from 0.112±0.08 to 0.196±0.08%. Available P ranged from 14.92±0.99 to 85.81±0.76 mg/kg. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied between 19.6±0.97 to 25.2±1.24 Cmol/kg. Exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na, were far above the critical levels set by FAO for agricultural soil. Cu concentration ranged from 0.92±0.20 to 1.67±0.25. Pb was found in trace amount (<0.0001±0.01 mg/kg) in both dumpsites and control sites. Mean concentration of Cr in the dumpsite soils varied between 1.89±0.58 and 3.77±2.26 mg/kg in the two dumpsites, while Cd was found to be higher than the soil permissible limit. It ranges from 2.08±0.80 to 4.51±1.86 mg/kg. Conclusively, the concentrations of heavy metals studied in the soil were found to be lower than the maximum permissible limit except Cd. However, the dumpsite though high in soil nutrients and low in evaluated heavy metals might be unsafe for human consumption due to but high concentration of Cd in the study area.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"52 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-zmhizvsr
Adejumo S. A., Oyerinde A. O.
Heavy metal levels in the surface and groundwater sources in the vicinity of Ajakanga dumpsite, Ibadan Nigeria was assessed for quality status evaluation of the water sources within the dumpsite environment for their domestics and industrial suitabilities. Thirty eight (38) water samples consisting of Twenty-three (23) from hand-dug wells, ten (10) from boreholes and five (5) from streams were collected around the dumpsites with strict adherence to the prescribed standard. The water samples collected were tested for the following Heavy metal contents; Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper(Cu) , Manganese(Mg), Zinc(Zn), Nickel(Ni), and Chromium(Cr) in the laboratory using computerized Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)model 210.The result were evaluated and compared with WHO, EU and NSDWQ water quality standards. The comparison reveals that 93%, 75%, 63%, 37% and 19% of water sampled are characterized respectively by Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mg concentration higher than the WHO, EU and NSDWQ recommended standard permissible limits, indicating possible impact of dumpsite on the groundwater quality. The Zn concentration in about 42% of total samples is above the EU health based value but is well within the WHO and NSDWQ permissible limits for all samples as with those of Cu, Cr and Co. The alarming and unacceptable higher concentration recorded for Pb, Fe and Ni in the samples renders the water sources unfit in its present form for human consumption and some industrial usabilities .Hence an urgent need for standard treatment and well organized precautionary measures for use of the water sources in the environment of the dumpsite.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Concentration Assessment of Surface and Groundwater in the Vicinity of Ajakanga Dumpsite, Oluyole, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.","authors":"Adejumo S. A., Oyerinde A. O.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-zmhizvsr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-zmhizvsr","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal levels in the surface and groundwater sources in the vicinity of Ajakanga dumpsite, Ibadan Nigeria was assessed for quality status evaluation of the water sources within the dumpsite environment for their domestics and industrial suitabilities. Thirty eight (38) water samples consisting of Twenty-three (23) from hand-dug wells, ten (10) from boreholes and five (5) from streams were collected around the dumpsites with strict adherence to the prescribed standard. The water samples collected were tested for the following Heavy metal contents; Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper(Cu) , Manganese(Mg), Zinc(Zn), Nickel(Ni), and Chromium(Cr) in the laboratory using computerized Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)model 210.The result were evaluated and compared with WHO, EU and NSDWQ water quality standards. The comparison reveals that 93%, 75%, 63%, 37% and 19% of water sampled are characterized respectively by Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mg concentration higher than the WHO, EU and NSDWQ recommended standard permissible limits, indicating possible impact of dumpsite on the groundwater quality. The Zn concentration in about 42% of total samples is above the EU health based value but is well within the WHO and NSDWQ permissible limits for all samples as with those of Cu, Cr and Co. The alarming and unacceptable higher concentration recorded for Pb, Fe and Ni in the samples renders the water sources unfit in its present form for human consumption and some industrial usabilities .Hence an urgent need for standard treatment and well organized precautionary measures for use of the water sources in the environment of the dumpsite.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-rviteriv
Kola-Ajibade I. R., Ajibola E., Jegede R. J., Olusola A.
Food is an important factor in human existence which makes exposure to adulterants in food an important environmental factor challenging the biological system. In West Africa, the manufacturing and processing of palm oil are done without proper hygienic monitoring; it is therefore almost impossible to detect fraud in the system. A major disadvantage associated with the use of adulterants in palm oil is that the adulterants have not undergone adequate research and the degree of health hazards they can pose to humans when consumed. This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Azo dye adulterated palm oil on kidney function and Lipid profile in albino rats exposed to Azo-dye adulterated palm oil. Twenty-five albino rats were divided into five groups and treated as thus: Group I (control), Groups II and III were treated with only 1 ml/kg of unadulterated and adulterated palm oil respectively, while Groups IV and V were treated with only 50 mg/kg of Sudan III and IV dyes respectively for 28 days. Renal function tests, and lipid profiles were determined using analytical test kits. Data obtained were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by tukey test using Graph Pad prism 9.0.0. The results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Differences between means of treated and control groups values at P ≤ 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were considered significant. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in creatinine, urea concentrations, Sodium ion (Na+) and Potassium ion (K+) in groups treated with adulterated palm oil, Sudan III, Sudan IV (groups III, IV and V respectively) when compared with control groups. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triacylglycerol (TAG) was observed in treated groups when compared with control groups while a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in high density lipoprotein level (HDL) observed in treated groups when compared with the control group. This suggests that adulterated palm oil can induce renal damage and alter lipid profile.
{"title":"Assessment of Kidney Function and Lipid Profile in Albino Rats Exposed to Azo-Dye Adulterated Palm Oil","authors":"Kola-Ajibade I. R., Ajibola E., Jegede R. J., Olusola A.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-rviteriv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-rviteriv","url":null,"abstract":"Food is an important factor in human existence which makes exposure to adulterants in food an important environmental factor challenging the biological system. In West Africa, the manufacturing and processing of palm oil are done without proper hygienic monitoring; it is therefore almost impossible to detect fraud in the system. A major disadvantage associated with the use of adulterants in palm oil is that the adulterants have not undergone adequate research and the degree of health hazards they can pose to humans when consumed. This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Azo dye adulterated palm oil on kidney function and Lipid profile in albino rats exposed to Azo-dye adulterated palm oil. Twenty-five albino rats were divided into five groups and treated as thus: Group I (control), Groups II and III were treated with only 1 ml/kg of unadulterated and adulterated palm oil respectively, while Groups IV and V were treated with only 50 mg/kg of Sudan III and IV dyes respectively for 28 days. Renal function tests, and lipid profiles were determined using analytical test kits. Data obtained were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by tukey test using Graph Pad prism 9.0.0. The results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Differences between means of treated and control groups values at P ≤ 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were considered significant. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in creatinine, urea concentrations, Sodium ion (Na+) and Potassium ion (K+) in groups treated with adulterated palm oil, Sudan III, Sudan IV (groups III, IV and V respectively) when compared with control groups. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triacylglycerol (TAG) was observed in treated groups when compared with control groups while a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in high density lipoprotein level (HDL) observed in treated groups when compared with the control group. This suggests that adulterated palm oil can induce renal damage and alter lipid profile.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"103 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-njgul6f1
Abdulrashid I., Adeduntan S. A., Adekunle V.A.J., Wali B. R.
A study was conducted to examine the soil physicochemical properties and nutrients status in parklands of northern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected using soil auger close to mature trees, tree saplings and seedlings from three states (viz. Bauchi, Jigawa and Kano) in different depths (0–15 cm, and 16–30 cm) and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. Soil pH was weakly acidic (5.7–6.0) and not significant (P<0.05). Total Nitrogen, CEC, and Ca all showed no significant difference and decreased with increase in depth. Sand, silt, clay and Mg were statistically different (p<0.05) and decreased with increase in depth. Pearson's correlation matrix revealed significant positive correlations of soil properties with fertility indices. The soils in the agricultural parklands of the states are fairly low in fertility. Mass sensitization and awareness of farmers on best practices that will help improve the soil fertility and nutrients status in the parkland and improve farmers’ livelihood are highly recommended. Further evaluations of soil factors are needed to be carried out that will lead to data availability and help in critical evaluation of soil dynamics as well as give an insight to how the fertility and productivity of the soils support and improve biodiversity stability.
本研究旨在考察尼日利亚北部公园地的土壤理化性质和养分状况。研究人员在三个州（即包奇、吉加瓦和卡诺）不同深度（0-15 厘米和 16-30 厘米）的成树、树苗和幼苗附近使用土壤钻采集了土壤样本，并对土壤理化性质进行了分析。土壤 pH 值为弱酸性（5.7-6.0），差异不显著（P<0.05）。全氮、CEC 和 Ca 均无显著差异，且随深度增加而降低。砂、淤泥、粘土和镁有统计学差异（P<0.05），并随深度增加而减少。Pearson 相关矩阵显示，土壤特性与肥力指数呈显著正相关。各州农业园地的土壤肥力相当低。强烈建议对农民进行大规模宣传，提高他们对最佳做法的认识，这将有助于改善公园土壤肥力和养分状况，改善农民的生活。需要对土壤因素进行进一步评估，以获得数据，帮助对土壤动态进行严格评估，并深入了解土壤肥力和生产力如何支持和改善生物多样性的稳定性。
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Physicochemical Properties in The Parklands of Northern Nigeria","authors":"Abdulrashid I., Adeduntan S. A., Adekunle V.A.J., Wali B. R.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-njgul6f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-njgul6f1","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to examine the soil physicochemical properties and nutrients status in parklands of northern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected using soil auger close to mature trees, tree saplings and seedlings from three states (viz. Bauchi, Jigawa and Kano) in different depths (0–15 cm, and 16–30 cm) and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. Soil pH was weakly acidic (5.7–6.0) and not significant (P<0.05). Total Nitrogen, CEC, and Ca all showed no significant difference and decreased with increase in depth. Sand, silt, clay and Mg were statistically different (p<0.05) and decreased with increase in depth. Pearson's correlation matrix revealed significant positive correlations of soil properties with fertility indices. The soils in the agricultural parklands of the states are fairly low in fertility. Mass sensitization and awareness of farmers on best practices that will help improve the soil fertility and nutrients status in the parkland and improve farmers’ livelihood are highly recommended. Further evaluations of soil factors are needed to be carried out that will lead to data availability and help in critical evaluation of soil dynamics as well as give an insight to how the fertility and productivity of the soils support and improve biodiversity stability.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"115 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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