Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-jm6iszzv
Egwuonwu G.N., Nwafor E.K., Kalu U.E.
Spatial layer Resistivity tomography was carried out at a Kaolin Mining site in Amaihe-Ukpor of Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. The tomograms were obtained at various depths with the aim of assessing the depths of emplacement of the Kaolin at the site. Firstly, apparent resistivity data Schlumberger-B electrode configuration was obtained from Seventy-five (75) Vertical Electrical Tomography (VES) along 6 transverses at the site. Using the VES data, tomographic plots of spatial distribution of the Kaolin minerals at depths were obtained. Interpreted tomograms showed the occurrence of Kaolin minerals bearing apparent resistivity values in the range of about (900 - 28,900 Ωm) occurrence within the depth range of 0.5 m at layer 2 to 115 m at layer 4 of the site. The tomograms show that layers 2 to 5 indicate traces of the occurrence of Kaolin, layers 2, 3 and 4 particularly showed prominence of the Kaolin. Layers 1 and 6 show no trace of the Kaolin formation enrichment on them. The spatial layer tomograms showed that the prominence of the Kaolin remains at the site occur mostly at the northern and southern zones of the surveyed site. Further mining at the site could lead to tertiary exploitation of the mineral. The site is therefore in threat of gross depletion of the environment. Hence, there is need for suspension of the ongoing extraction of the Kaolin at the site to give room for deposition and sufficient formation of the target mineral.
{"title":"Evaluation of Kaolin Mineral Emplacement at Amaihe-Ukpor, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria Using Spatial Layer Electrical Resistivity Tomography","authors":"Egwuonwu G.N., Nwafor E.K., Kalu U.E.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-jm6iszzv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-jm6iszzv","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial layer Resistivity tomography was carried out at a Kaolin Mining site in Amaihe-Ukpor of Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. The tomograms were obtained at various depths with the aim of assessing the depths of emplacement of the Kaolin at the site. Firstly, apparent resistivity data Schlumberger-B electrode configuration was obtained from Seventy-five (75) Vertical Electrical Tomography (VES) along 6 transverses at the site. Using the VES data, tomographic plots of spatial distribution of the Kaolin minerals at depths were obtained. Interpreted tomograms showed the occurrence of Kaolin minerals bearing apparent resistivity values in the range of about (900 - 28,900 Ωm) occurrence within the depth range of 0.5 m at layer 2 to 115 m at layer 4 of the site. The tomograms show that layers 2 to 5 indicate traces of the occurrence of Kaolin, layers 2, 3 and 4 particularly showed prominence of the Kaolin. Layers 1 and 6 show no trace of the Kaolin formation enrichment on them. The spatial layer tomograms showed that the prominence of the Kaolin remains at the site occur mostly at the northern and southern zones of the surveyed site. Further mining at the site could lead to tertiary exploitation of the mineral. The site is therefore in threat of gross depletion of the environment. Hence, there is need for suspension of the ongoing extraction of the Kaolin at the site to give room for deposition and sufficient formation of the target mineral.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121057896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-3kvgmche
Mang’ira S.K., Koske J.K., Kerich R.K.
Globally, forests supply important environmental benefits within and across ecosystem boundaries and despite institutional management, forest ecosystems are subjected to land-use changes which diminish their role. In Kenya, the current institutional management instruments are largely in place but there is a continuous reduction of forest cover presently estimated at 5.7% of the national land area as opposed to the desired > 10.0%. The integration of indigenous ecological knowledge into forest management may provide a much-needed bridge between indigenous communities and institutional understanding of sustainable forest management. Thus, the study examined the role of IEK in the management of forest among the Sengwer community living next to the Cherang’any forest, Elgeiyo-Marakwet County, Kenya. The study targeted older community members who were purposely sampled as key informants. The study used focus group discussion as the main instruments for data collections and thus qualitative analysis was more appropriate. The output was presented in thematic format. The study established that the Sengwer indigenous forest management techniques are compatible with institutional techniques applied in the management of the forest to the extent that institutionalized methods are more pervasive in the management of the forest. Based on the discussions, the study concluded that the indigenous conservation practices need to be formalized and integrated with the modern forest management practices. IEK can be included in the sustainable conservation of forests if the socio-economic status of the community is improved through economic empowerment. Further, the study recommends that Kenya’s Forest Conservation and Management Act of 2016 provides a basis for the integration of IEK into modern forest management techniques.
{"title":"Sengwer Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and the Management of Cherang'any Forest Resources, Elgeyo-marakwet County, Kenya","authors":"Mang’ira S.K., Koske J.K., Kerich R.K.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-3kvgmche","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-3kvgmche","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, forests supply important environmental benefits within and across ecosystem boundaries and despite institutional management, forest ecosystems are subjected to land-use changes which diminish their role. In Kenya, the current institutional management instruments are largely in place but there is a continuous reduction of forest cover presently estimated at 5.7% of the national land area as opposed to the desired > 10.0%. The integration of indigenous ecological knowledge into forest management may provide a much-needed bridge between indigenous communities and institutional understanding of sustainable forest management. Thus, the study examined the role of IEK in the management of forest among the Sengwer community living next to the Cherang’any forest, Elgeiyo-Marakwet County, Kenya. The study targeted older community members who were purposely sampled as key informants. The study used focus group discussion as the main instruments for data collections and thus qualitative analysis was more appropriate. The output was presented in thematic format. The study established that the Sengwer indigenous forest management techniques are compatible with institutional techniques applied in the management of the forest to the extent that institutionalized methods are more pervasive in the management of the forest. Based on the discussions, the study concluded that the indigenous conservation practices need to be formalized and integrated with the modern forest management practices. IEK can be included in the sustainable conservation of forests if the socio-economic status of the community is improved through economic empowerment. Further, the study recommends that Kenya’s Forest Conservation and Management Act of 2016 provides a basis for the integration of IEK into modern forest management techniques.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134591089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-08DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-sxxavpfm
Avwata M.O., Ugbebor N.J., Chinemerem P.
This study examined the extent of workers participation and planning for an injury free workplace across manufacturing companies in Niger Delta. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised nine (9) manufacturing firms—one from each of the Niger Delta's states, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Delta, Edo, Cross River, Imo, Rivers, and Ondo were selected for the research. By using the Taro Yamane formula, the sample size of 325 employees was utilized for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled, Workers Participation and Planning for an Injury Free Workplace across Manufacturing Companies Questionnaire. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while a Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Findings from the study showed that there is a very significant positive association between worker engagement and safety performance [(P =.000) p=0.05] amongst others. The study unequivocally established that poor organizational culture, low employee competency levels, lack of communication, ineffective leadership, and literacy/language barriers were the main obstacles to effective worker participation in SMS implementation across Niger Delta manufacturing companies.
本研究调查了尼日尔三角洲各制造公司工人参与和规划无伤害工作场所的程度。本研究采用描述性研究设计。本研究的人口包括九(9)家制造企业，分别来自尼日尔三角洲的阿夸伊博姆州、巴耶尔萨州、三角洲州、江户州、克罗斯河州、伊莫州、里弗斯州和翁多州。本研究采用Yamane太郎公式，样本量为325名员工。数据收集工具是一份结构化问卷，标题为“制造企业工人参与和无伤害工作场所规划问卷”。使用均值和标准差回答研究问题，使用Pearson积差相关系数在0.05 α显著性水平下检验假设。研究结果表明，员工敬业度与安全绩效之间存在非常显著的正相关[(P =.000) P =0.05]。该研究明确指出，糟糕的组织文化、低员工能力水平、缺乏沟通、无效的领导以及读写/语言障碍是尼日尔三角洲制造公司员工有效参与SMS实施的主要障碍。
{"title":"Workers’ Participation and Planning for an Injury Free Workplace Across Manufacturing Companies in Niger Delta","authors":"Avwata M.O., Ugbebor N.J., Chinemerem P.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-sxxavpfm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-sxxavpfm","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the extent of workers participation and planning for an injury free workplace across manufacturing companies in Niger Delta. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised nine (9) manufacturing firms—one from each of the Niger Delta's states, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Delta, Edo, Cross River, Imo, Rivers, and Ondo were selected for the research. By using the Taro Yamane formula, the sample size of 325 employees was utilized for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled, Workers Participation and Planning for an Injury Free Workplace across Manufacturing Companies Questionnaire. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while a Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Findings from the study showed that there is a very significant positive association between worker engagement and safety performance [(P =.000) p=0.05] amongst others. The study unequivocally established that poor organizational culture, low employee competency levels, lack of communication, ineffective leadership, and literacy/language barriers were the main obstacles to effective worker participation in SMS implementation across Niger Delta manufacturing companies.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120921790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-9joeuezt
Ajayi A.A, NG K.C., Eze S.N, Vining-Ogu I.C., A. O.A, Danladi G.J.
The analyses of the concentrations of selected heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite in smokeless tobacco were carried out to determine the potential health risk of their exposure. The pulverized snuff samples (prepared by unknown methods) were obtained randomly from vendors from Afikpo, Amasiri and Unwana, and then analyzed using standard analytical procedures. The results showed concentrations of Zn, Cu and Fe having significant (p<0.05) increase in snuff obtained from Afikpo, Amasiri and Unwana respectively compared to other metals. The concentration of nitrate showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in snuff obtained from the Afikpo compared to nitrite. All the values were lower than the maximum permissible limit and the THQ of these substances were less than 1. However, target hazard quotients of Cd were greater than 1 and higher than other metals. Therefore, these findings suggest that exposure to Cadmium in snuff (smokeless tobacco) might pose noncarcinogenic health risk.
{"title":"Potential Health Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals, Nitrate and Nitrite, in Snuff Inhaled in Afikpo-North of Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"Ajayi A.A, NG K.C., Eze S.N, Vining-Ogu I.C., A. O.A, Danladi G.J.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-9joeuezt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-9joeuezt","url":null,"abstract":"The analyses of the concentrations of selected heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite in smokeless tobacco were carried out to determine the potential health risk of their exposure. The pulverized snuff samples (prepared by unknown methods) were obtained randomly from vendors from Afikpo, Amasiri and Unwana, and then analyzed using standard analytical procedures. The results showed concentrations of Zn, Cu and Fe having significant (p<0.05) increase in snuff obtained from Afikpo, Amasiri and Unwana respectively compared to other metals. The concentration of nitrate showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in snuff obtained from the Afikpo compared to nitrite. All the values were lower than the maximum permissible limit and the THQ of these substances were less than 1. However, target hazard quotients of Cd were greater than 1 and higher than other metals. Therefore, these findings suggest that exposure to Cadmium in snuff (smokeless tobacco) might pose noncarcinogenic health risk.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129904784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-utmulkjh
Zingfat M.J., Mailafiya B.Y., G. J.D., Pyendang Z.S.
Buildings constructed without an adequate damp-proof membrane are usually affected by a lot of problems and capillary action is one of them. Continuous research and development of stabilised earth, taking into account; its socio-economic concerns, structural suitability and environmental friendliness as a contemporary walling material have been an issue of growing interest. NBRRI has invested a lot of research time and effort in the development of CSEB technology. This CSEB when used for construction is subjected to conditions that expose it to water and sound. All these conditions are important considerations when designing and constructing a building for a particular purpose. Therefore, this study was aimed at producing standard NBRRI CSEB to investigate the coefficients of capillary absorption. The laterite used for this study was sourced in Jos, Plateau state. And also Dangote ordinary Portland cement was used for the stabilisation. The results show that an average amount of water absorbed within 10 minutes of exposure is up to a tenth of the block's total mass, indicating high water absorption at 5% cement stabilisation of the classified silty sand used.
{"title":"Capillary Absorption of NBRRI Interlocking Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks","authors":"Zingfat M.J., Mailafiya B.Y., G. J.D., Pyendang Z.S.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-utmulkjh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-utmulkjh","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings constructed without an adequate damp-proof membrane are usually affected by a lot of problems and capillary action is one of them. Continuous research and development of stabilised earth, taking into account; its socio-economic concerns, structural suitability and environmental friendliness as a contemporary walling material have been an issue of growing interest. NBRRI has invested a lot of research time and effort in the development of CSEB technology. This CSEB when used for construction is subjected to conditions that expose it to water and sound. All these conditions are important considerations when designing and constructing a building for a particular purpose. Therefore, this study was aimed at producing standard NBRRI CSEB to investigate the coefficients of capillary absorption. The laterite used for this study was sourced in Jos, Plateau state. And also Dangote ordinary Portland cement was used for the stabilisation. The results show that an average amount of water absorbed within 10 minutes of exposure is up to a tenth of the block's total mass, indicating high water absorption at 5% cement stabilisation of the classified silty sand used.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"30 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133424374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-o9h3lup0
Gildas P.N., Roland D.N., Choula T.F.
Human activities more and more intensify the imbalance of aquatic systems causing the reduction of biodiversity. The aim of the study was to identify the microalgae and to determine their distribution in the Mezam River (Bamenda, Cameroon). Sampling took place monthly from July 2021 to August 2022 using plankton net for phytoplankton and scrubbing for periphyton upstream, middle, and downstream of the river. SpeciAJENSR_O9H3LUP0es richness of microalgae amounts to 11 classes divided into 45 genera and 75 species. The most represented class was Bacillariophyceae with 42.67% and the dominant family was the Naviculaceae in terms of abundance with 10 species. Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranges from 2.055 (downstream) to 1.313 (upstream). Spatio-temporal variation of genera revealed 3 groups; group 1 brings together the genera exclusive to phytoplankton, upstream: Pleurotaenium, Synechocystis, Microcystis, and Phormidium. Group 2 brings together the genera exclusive to epiphyte, middle: Encyonema, Trachelomonas, Gloeotrichia, Aphanizomenon, and Peridinium. Group 3 brings together the common genera in the different habitats: Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Synedra, Coscinodiscus, Navicula, Cyclotella, Cymatopleura, Cymbella, Eunotia, Tabellaria, Gyrosigma, Melosira, Pinnularia, Diatoma, Cocconeis, Thalassiosira, Achnanthidium, Nitzschia, Luticola, Rhopalodia, Euglena, Clostrium, Ulothrix, Cryptomonas, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Uronema, Mougeotia, Oedogonium, Calothrix, Nostoc, Rivularia, Oscillatoria and Gymnodinium. These results show that Mezam River has a highly diversified community of diatoms that can be used as bio-indicators of pollution.
{"title":"Diversity and Structure of Microalgae in the Mezam River (Bamenda, Cameroon)","authors":"Gildas P.N., Roland D.N., Choula T.F.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-o9h3lup0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-o9h3lup0","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities more and more intensify the imbalance of aquatic systems causing the reduction of biodiversity. The aim of the study was to identify the microalgae and to determine their distribution in the Mezam River (Bamenda, Cameroon). Sampling took place monthly from July 2021 to August 2022 using plankton net for phytoplankton and scrubbing for periphyton upstream, middle, and downstream of the river. SpeciAJENSR_O9H3LUP0es richness of microalgae amounts to 11 classes divided into 45 genera and 75 species. The most represented class was Bacillariophyceae with 42.67% and the dominant family was the Naviculaceae in terms of abundance with 10 species. Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranges from 2.055 (downstream) to 1.313 (upstream). Spatio-temporal variation of genera revealed 3 groups; group 1 brings together the genera exclusive to phytoplankton, upstream: Pleurotaenium, Synechocystis, Microcystis, and Phormidium. Group 2 brings together the genera exclusive to epiphyte, middle: Encyonema, Trachelomonas, Gloeotrichia, Aphanizomenon, and Peridinium. Group 3 brings together the common genera in the different habitats: Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Synedra, Coscinodiscus, Navicula, Cyclotella, Cymatopleura, Cymbella, Eunotia, Tabellaria, Gyrosigma, Melosira, Pinnularia, Diatoma, Cocconeis, Thalassiosira, Achnanthidium, Nitzschia, Luticola, Rhopalodia, Euglena, Clostrium, Ulothrix, Cryptomonas, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Uronema, Mougeotia, Oedogonium, Calothrix, Nostoc, Rivularia, Oscillatoria and Gymnodinium. These results show that Mezam River has a highly diversified community of diatoms that can be used as bio-indicators of pollution.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123236815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-f7t6ynyk
Ola-Buraimo A.O., Oladimeji R.G., Adamu K.W.
Outcrop samples were collected from Dukku area for the purpose of subjecting them to palynological analysis in order to determine the relative age of Gwandu Formation and palaeoenvironment of deposition of the deposit. Field and laboratory methods were carried out in order to obtain lithological sequence description of the outcrop. The samples obtained went through processes of acid digestion with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and separation of macerals by floatation with the use of zinc bromide. The prepared slides were observed under microscope for palynomorph contents. Diagnostic palynomorphs that are stratigraphically important for palynozonation were retrieved such as Belskipollis eligans, Verrutricolporites laevigatus. Striamonocolpites sp., Retibrevitricolporites sp., Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, Retistephanocolpites sp., Cingulatisporites ornatus, Longapertites marginatus and Proteacidites sp. The marker fossils belong to Magnatariatites horwardii zone; Zone P600 and Subzone P630 and C1 Zone of Nigerian Niger Delta sedimentary basin zonal schemes, dated Early Miocene age. Dinoflagellate forms recovered include Batiacasphaera sp., Senegalinium sp., Andalusiella polymorpha Selenophemphix nephroides, Andalusiella sp., Andalusiella laevigata, Histrichosphaera turocona and undifferentiated dinoflagellate cysts of peridinacean forms that belong to marginal marine setting.
{"title":"Palynological Study and Age Dating of the Early Miocene Dukku Claystone Type Section of Gwandu Formation, Sokoto Basin, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Ola-Buraimo A.O., Oladimeji R.G., Adamu K.W.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-f7t6ynyk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-f7t6ynyk","url":null,"abstract":"Outcrop samples were collected from Dukku area for the purpose of subjecting them to palynological analysis in order to determine the relative age of Gwandu Formation and palaeoenvironment of deposition of the deposit. Field and laboratory methods were carried out in order to obtain lithological sequence description of the outcrop. The samples obtained went through processes of acid digestion with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and separation of macerals by floatation with the use of zinc bromide. The prepared slides were observed under microscope for palynomorph contents. Diagnostic palynomorphs that are stratigraphically important for palynozonation were retrieved such as Belskipollis eligans, Verrutricolporites laevigatus. Striamonocolpites sp., Retibrevitricolporites sp., Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, Retistephanocolpites sp., Cingulatisporites ornatus, Longapertites marginatus and Proteacidites sp. The marker fossils belong to Magnatariatites horwardii zone; Zone P600 and Subzone P630 and C1 Zone of Nigerian Niger Delta sedimentary basin zonal schemes, dated Early Miocene age. Dinoflagellate forms recovered include Batiacasphaera sp., Senegalinium sp., Andalusiella polymorpha Selenophemphix nephroides, Andalusiella sp., Andalusiella laevigata, Histrichosphaera turocona and undifferentiated dinoflagellate cysts of peridinacean forms that belong to marginal marine setting.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116218904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-gsvmuqiv
B. F.G., Wokoma O.A.F., Edoghotu A.J., Jacob W.M., Owo A.A.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) and clam (Senilla senilis) collected from the mud flats of Andoni River was carried out over a six months period. Surface sediment samples were collected with a hand trowel into polythene bags while periwinkle and clam samples were collected by hand picking during low tide, washed thoroughly and transported in an ice-container to the Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt for further analysis. Sample preparation followed standard analytical protocols and heavy metal analysis was by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in T. fuscatus was 10.06 ± 0.22, 5.86 ± 0.25, 3.67 ± 0.1, 3.33 ± 0.42 and 0.65 ± 0.09 for Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd respectively, while that of clam is 6.54±0.51, 6.41±0.15, 4.10±0.6, 2.67±0.1 and 0.39±0.01 respectively for Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd in descending order of magnitude. All the heavy metals under investigation showed bioaccumulation in the tissues of periwinkle, except cadmium and except cadmium and zinc for clam. Similarly, the concentrations of all heavy metals were above their Rivers State Ministry of Environment and World Health Organization stated limits save for zinc in periwinkle and zinc and cadmium in clam. Thus, indicating that the continued consumption (particularly in large quantities) of periwinkle and clam from the mud flats of Andoni River could lead to far-reaching health implications.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in the Tissues of Periwinkle and Clam from the Mud Flats of Andoni River, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"B. F.G., Wokoma O.A.F., Edoghotu A.J., Jacob W.M., Owo A.A.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-gsvmuqiv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-gsvmuqiv","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) and clam (Senilla senilis) collected from the mud flats of Andoni River was carried out over a six months period. Surface sediment samples were collected with a hand trowel into polythene bags while periwinkle and clam samples were collected by hand picking during low tide, washed thoroughly and transported in an ice-container to the Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt for further analysis. Sample preparation followed standard analytical protocols and heavy metal analysis was by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in T. fuscatus was 10.06 ± 0.22, 5.86 ± 0.25, 3.67 ± 0.1, 3.33 ± 0.42 and 0.65 ± 0.09 for Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd respectively, while that of clam is 6.54±0.51, 6.41±0.15, 4.10±0.6, 2.67±0.1 and 0.39±0.01 respectively for Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd in descending order of magnitude. All the heavy metals under investigation showed bioaccumulation in the tissues of periwinkle, except cadmium and except cadmium and zinc for clam. Similarly, the concentrations of all heavy metals were above their Rivers State Ministry of Environment and World Health Organization stated limits save for zinc in periwinkle and zinc and cadmium in clam. Thus, indicating that the continued consumption (particularly in large quantities) of periwinkle and clam from the mud flats of Andoni River could lead to far-reaching health implications.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121485421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-krrnofjm
Musa H., Bashir U.M., Kyari M.H.
Hajj pilgrims encounter a great deal of tough physical and mental stress. Overcrowding, extreme temperatures and electrolytes imbalance are common among pilgrims. Approximately more than 2.5 million people from different parts of the world gathered in the holy sites Makka. These factors trigger the increased risk for communicable and non-communicable diseases. This study discusses health and religious factors in an attempt to assess the mandatory health requirements for public toilets in the holy places at Makkah city, that can be translated into toilet design for Hajj pilgrimage at Mecca with the purposes of integration of modern technologies. Articles related to toilet problems faced by the pilgrims published between 2013 to 2018 in some selected data bases were considered in this study. Only 20 studies were included, encompassing 12,000 respondents out of 300 articles. An evaluation requirement checklist was made to evaluate whether the toilet facilities conform to the local and international public toilet standards. Randomly, about 242 toilets were selected and assessed for the availability of essential hygienic items from Mina (54%), followed by Arafat (26%) and Muzdalifah (20%). The proposed conceptual toilets design for Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not only applied for Hajj purposes but also as a model to the development of toilet design in all Muslim countries. Sustainable design proposal with safety provisions, accessibility, hygiene, ventilated, lighted and cleaned public toilets during Hajj rituals would more likely protect pilgrims against adverse health effects. However, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to lack of existing studies related to this area. The contribution of this study is that the health and religious factors are very crucial in the consideration of toilet design whilst not forgetting modern technologies of the future.
{"title":"Evaluation of Health, Religious Factors, and Modern Technologies in Public Toilets During Hajj","authors":"Musa H., Bashir U.M., Kyari M.H.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-krrnofjm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-krrnofjm","url":null,"abstract":"Hajj pilgrims encounter a great deal of tough physical and mental stress. Overcrowding, extreme temperatures and electrolytes imbalance are common among pilgrims. Approximately more than 2.5 million people from different parts of the world gathered in the holy sites Makka. These factors trigger the increased risk for communicable and non-communicable diseases. This study discusses health and religious factors in an attempt to assess the mandatory health requirements for public toilets in the holy places at Makkah city, that can be translated into toilet design for Hajj pilgrimage at Mecca with the purposes of integration of modern technologies. Articles related to toilet problems faced by the pilgrims published between 2013 to 2018 in some selected data bases were considered in this study. Only 20 studies were included, encompassing 12,000 respondents out of 300 articles. An evaluation requirement checklist was made to evaluate whether the toilet facilities conform to the local and international public toilet standards. Randomly, about 242 toilets were selected and assessed for the availability of essential hygienic items from Mina (54%), followed by Arafat (26%) and Muzdalifah (20%). The proposed conceptual toilets design for Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not only applied for Hajj purposes but also as a model to the development of toilet design in all Muslim countries. Sustainable design proposal with safety provisions, accessibility, hygiene, ventilated, lighted and cleaned public toilets during Hajj rituals would more likely protect pilgrims against adverse health effects. However, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to lack of existing studies related to this area. The contribution of this study is that the health and religious factors are very crucial in the consideration of toilet design whilst not forgetting modern technologies of the future.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.52589/ajensr-5nifeeqo
Okori S.N., Barde B.G.
Heavy metals concentration in soil from dumpsites and borehole water in Calabar, Nigeria was analysed. Four dumpsites: Lemna (008°21'55.912"E and 05°2'08.725"N), Nassarawa (008°21'35.168"E and 05°4'51.544"N), University of Calabar female hostel (008°20'57.937"E and 04°56'16.612"N) and Goldie market (008°20'29.34"E and 04°56'29.198"N) were selected as sampling locations while a plot of land (008°21'43.9"E and 040'58.04 227"N) was selected as a control which were labeled S1, S2, S3, S4 and PC respectively. Soil and water samples were collected for a period of twelve months following a standard procedure and analysed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) while physicochemical properties of water were analysed using their respective meters. The results obtained showed that in dumpsites soil: Cadmium was the highest occurring metal with a mean concentration of 1.457±0.493 mg/kg in S4 while As in S1 was the lowest occurring metal with a concentration of 0.001 ± 0.000 mg/kg and Hg was below detection limit in all sampling locations. In water: Chromium was the highest occurring metal with a concentration of 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/l and the lowest was Cobalt and Lead with concentrations of 0.001 ± 0.000 in about all the sampling locations while Arsenic and Mercury were below detection limit in all the sampling locations. Cd, Pb and Cr in S4 soil, Cd and Cr in S4 water and TDS, electrical conductivity and hardness of water from all dumpsites were above the WHO limit while strong positive correlation was found between some heavy metals concentration in soil and water.
分析了尼日利亚卡拉巴尔垃圾场土壤和井水中的重金属浓度。选取Lemna(008°21′55.912”东经和05°2′08.725”N)、Nassarawa(008°21′35.168”东经和05°4′51.544”N)、Calabar University of female hostel(008°20′57.937”东经和04°56′16.612”N)和Goldie market(008°20′29.34”东经和04°56′29.198”N)四个垃圾场作为采样点，同时选取一块008°21′43.9”东经和040′58.04 227”N的土地作为对照，分别标记为S1、S2、S3、S4和PC。按照标准程序采集了12个月的土壤和水样，并使用原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)分析了重金属，同时使用各自的仪表分析了水的物理化学性质。结果表明:S4区土壤中镉含量最高，平均浓度为1.457±0.493 mg/kg; S1区土壤中砷含量最低，平均浓度为0.001±0.000 mg/kg; Hg在所有采样点均低于检出限。水中:铬含量最高，为0.006±0.001 mg/l，钴和铅含量最低，为0.001±0.000 mg/l，砷和汞在所有采样点均低于检测限。S4土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr, S4水体中Cd、Cr与TDS、电导率、硬度均高于WHO标准，土壤和水体中部分重金属含量呈正相关。
{"title":"Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Selected Dumpsites and Groundwater in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"Okori S.N., Barde B.G.","doi":"10.52589/ajensr-5nifeeqo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-5nifeeqo","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals concentration in soil from dumpsites and borehole water in Calabar, Nigeria was analysed. Four dumpsites: Lemna (008°21'55.912\"E and 05°2'08.725\"N), Nassarawa (008°21'35.168\"E and 05°4'51.544\"N), University of Calabar female hostel (008°20'57.937\"E and 04°56'16.612\"N) and Goldie market (008°20'29.34\"E and 04°56'29.198\"N) were selected as sampling locations while a plot of land (008°21'43.9\"E and 040'58.04 227\"N) was selected as a control which were labeled S1, S2, S3, S4 and PC respectively. Soil and water samples were collected for a period of twelve months following a standard procedure and analysed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) while physicochemical properties of water were analysed using their respective meters. The results obtained showed that in dumpsites soil: Cadmium was the highest occurring metal with a mean concentration of 1.457±0.493 mg/kg in S4 while As in S1 was the lowest occurring metal with a concentration of 0.001 ± 0.000 mg/kg and Hg was below detection limit in all sampling locations. In water: Chromium was the highest occurring metal with a concentration of 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/l and the lowest was Cobalt and Lead with concentrations of 0.001 ± 0.000 in about all the sampling locations while Arsenic and Mercury were below detection limit in all the sampling locations. Cd, Pb and Cr in S4 soil, Cd and Cr in S4 water and TDS, electrical conductivity and hardness of water from all dumpsites were above the WHO limit while strong positive correlation was found between some heavy metals concentration in soil and water.","PeriodicalId":404388,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116812503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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