Acute respiratory infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Four million children under five years of age die from respiratory infections each year (Douglas and Kerby-Eaton, 1985; Leowski, 1986; Garenne, Ronsmans, and Campbell, 1992) and most of the deaths are due to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), primarily pneumonia (Garenne, Ronsmans, and Campbell, 1992).
急性呼吸道感染是全世界儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。每年有400万五岁以下儿童死于呼吸道感染(Douglas and Kerby-Eaton, 1985年;Leowski, 1986;Garenne, Ronsmans, and Campbell, 1992)，大多数死亡是由于急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)，主要是肺炎(Garenne, Ronsmans, and Campbell, 1992)。
{"title":"Community Economic Development and Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Children","authors":"A. L. Cunha, P. Margolis, S. Wing","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17588","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Four million children under five years of age die from respiratory infections each year (Douglas and Kerby-Eaton, 1985; Leowski, 1986; Garenne, Ronsmans, and Campbell, 1992) and most of the deaths are due to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), primarily pneumonia (Garenne, Ronsmans, and Campbell, 1992).","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114866385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Whither WHO?","authors":"Sagar C. Jain","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123312000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary objective of this study is to establish the factors that have contributed to the preponderance of counterfeit drugs in Nigeria despite the laws. Data was gathered by a combination of the use of questionnaires and oral interviews. The results suggest that drug laws were adequate falling short only in their implementation. The task forces were rated as ineffective arising from corruption, communication gaps, lack of adequate funds, lack of vehicles, etc.
{"title":"Drug Regulation and Control in Nigeria: the Challenge of Counterfeit Drugs","authors":"W. Erhun, O. O. Babalola","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17597","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study is to establish the factors that have contributed to the preponderance of counterfeit drugs in Nigeria despite the laws. Data was gathered by a combination of the use of questionnaires and oral interviews. The results suggest that drug laws were adequate falling short only in their implementation. The task forces were rated as ineffective arising from corruption, communication gaps, lack of adequate funds, lack of vehicles, etc.","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127759208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maternal and child health situation in Argentina is critical. While Argentina is the Latin American country with the largest health expenditure per capita (US$800/year) the infant mortality rate is relatively high (about 20 per 1,000). The infant mortality rate in Argentina is higher than in many other countries in the region which spend much less on health (e.g. Chile, Cuba, Costa Rica, and Uruguay). Uruguay, Chile and Costa Rica also exhibit a higher life expectancy at birth. Argentina also has high maternal mortality rate (44 per 100,000 in 1995) which is above the maternal mortality rates in Chile, Uruguay and Cuba. The discouraging results on the above two health status indicators are the result of deficient preventive and curative care, which leads to lower life expectancy. We will now discuss certain inequities in the economic and health systems which have a negative impact on the above mentioned health status indicators that affect the health and quality of life of vast sectors of the population in Argentina.
{"title":"Inequity in Pediatric Care in Argentina","authors":"A. Schwarcz, P. Sarasqueta","doi":"10.12927/WHP.0000.17592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP.0000.17592","url":null,"abstract":"The maternal and child health situation in Argentina is critical. While Argentina is the Latin American country with the largest health expenditure per capita (US$800/year) the infant mortality rate is relatively high (about 20 per 1,000). The infant mortality rate in Argentina is higher than in many other countries in the region which spend much less on health (e.g. Chile, Cuba, Costa Rica, and Uruguay). Uruguay, Chile and Costa Rica also exhibit a higher life expectancy at birth. Argentina also has high maternal mortality rate (44 per 100,000 in 1995) which is above the maternal mortality rates in Chile, Uruguay and Cuba. The discouraging results on the above two health status indicators are the result of deficient preventive and curative care, which leads to lower life expectancy. We will now discuss certain inequities in the economic and health systems which have a negative impact on the above mentioned health status indicators that affect the health and quality of life of vast sectors of the population in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121115273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why? World Bank Policy Research Report: David Dollar and Lant Pritchett","authors":"C. Davenport","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on the results of an operations research study to balance the costs quality of care and access to the Centro Medico de Planificacion Familiar (CEMOPLAF) of Quito Ecuador. The study compared the existing norm of four required revisits to CEMOPLAF with two stimulations: 1) a norm of one required revisit with other revisits optional for clients with problems or questions; and 2) an all revisits optional norm which examines cost-control. To determine the most clinically acceptable and cost-effective norm the study modeled detection of medical problems cost savings and increased new client capacity. Client interviews and medical examinations provided information among IUD users revisiting between January 1 and May 31 1991. Overall results illustrate that the quality cost and access in family planning (FP) programs are interrelated. Program decisions necessarily involve trade-offs so that when administrators seek to improve one aspect they must also consider potential impacts on the other two. Motivated by cost and access concerns the study found that changing the norm would result in a small decrease in quality but major cost savings and improvement in access. Some methodological refinements for research on quality costs and access in FP programs are suggested.
{"title":"Cost control access and quality of care: the impact of IUD revisit norms in Ecuador.","authors":"Foreit, J. Bratt, K. Foreit, T. deVargas","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the results of an operations research study to balance the costs quality of care and access to the Centro Medico de Planificacion Familiar (CEMOPLAF) of Quito Ecuador. The study compared the existing norm of four required revisits to CEMOPLAF with two stimulations: 1) a norm of one required revisit with other revisits optional for clients with problems or questions; and 2) an all revisits optional norm which examines cost-control. To determine the most clinically acceptable and cost-effective norm the study modeled detection of medical problems cost savings and increased new client capacity. Client interviews and medical examinations provided information among IUD users revisiting between January 1 and May 31 1991. Overall results illustrate that the quality cost and access in family planning (FP) programs are interrelated. Program decisions necessarily involve trade-offs so that when administrators seek to improve one aspect they must also consider potential impacts on the other two. Motivated by cost and access concerns the study found that changing the norm would result in a small decrease in quality but major cost savings and improvement in access. Some methodological refinements for research on quality costs and access in FP programs are suggested.","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123558519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In December of 1997, the Indian Law Institute and the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia sponsored an international conference on global health law at the Vigyan Bhawan (International Conference Center) in New Delhi. Under the editorial supervision of Professor R.K. Nayak, this interesting and important volume includes selected papers and proceedings of this international conference. In addition, the volume includes the New Delhi Declaration on Global Health Law that was adopted unanimously by the participants on December 7, 1997.
{"title":"Global Health Law: Proceedings, Selected Papers, and Recommendations Presented at the Inter-disciplinary International Conference on Global Health Law","authors":"D. Harris","doi":"10.12927/whp..17586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp..17586","url":null,"abstract":"In December of 1997, the Indian Law Institute and the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia sponsored an international conference on global health law at the Vigyan Bhawan (International Conference Center) in New Delhi. Under the editorial supervision of Professor R.K. Nayak, this interesting and important volume includes selected papers and proceedings of this international conference. In addition, the volume includes the New Delhi Declaration on Global Health Law that was adopted unanimously by the participants on December 7, 1997.","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126030067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Address at the Inaugural Session","authors":"N. T. Shanmugam","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128280338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology for Sound Public Health Policy","authors":"K. McPherson","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128295062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Senyeong Kao, L. Chen, Leiyu Shi, M. Weinrich, C. Miller
{"title":"Causes of Non-maternal Mortality in Taiwan","authors":"Senyeong Kao, L. Chen, Leiyu Shi, M. Weinrich, C. Miller","doi":"10.12927/WHP..17494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/WHP..17494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405004,"journal":{"name":"World health and population","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125831544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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