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“Dainty hands do useful work”: Depicting Filipino women in Japanese wartime propaganda “灵巧的手做有用的工作”:描绘日本战时宣传中的菲律宾妇女
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52518/2021.18.1-06cndlra
J. Candelaria
This article analyzes the visual depiction of women in the Tribune, the main propaganda newspaper of Japan in the Philippines during the Pacific War. Japanese wartime propaganda painted an image of a productive and cooperative Filipina, respectable and modest like her Japanese counterpart. The analysis reveals three motivations for depicting women in said light: to show a semblance of normalcy despite the turbulent war, to entice women to serve Japan’s aims, and to disprove the Japanese women’s image as subservient wives or entertainers while asserting the connection between the two countries. Analyzing the depiction of women in Japanese propaganda contributes to the understanding of war as a gendered phenomenon. Beyond seeing women as symbols of the private obligations for which men fight or as surrogate objects of sexual desire, the image of women was perceived to be instrumental in showcasing Japan’s New Order.
本文分析了太平洋战争时期日本在菲律宾的主要宣传报纸《论坛报》对女性形象的刻画。日本的战时宣传把菲律宾描绘成一个富有成效、乐于合作的形象,像她的日本对手一样受人尊敬、谦虚。分析揭示了以这种方式描绘女性的三个动机:在动荡的战争中表现出一种正常的外表,诱使女性为日本的目标服务,并在断言两国之间的联系的同时推翻日本女性作为顺从的妻子或艺人的形象。分析日本宣传中对女性的描述有助于理解战争是一种性别现象。除了将女性视为男性为之奋斗的私人义务的象征或性欲的替代对象之外,女性的形象还被认为是展示日本新秩序的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Iginiit na Himig sa Himpapawid: Musikang Filipino sa Radyo sa Panahon ng Kolonyalismong Amerikano
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52518/2020-08enrqz
Elizabeth Enriquez
Radio broadcasting, which the Americans introduced to the Philippines in 1922, was quite successful in its project of promoting the English language and western music during the American colonial period. Apart from playing imported music on the air, radio featured Filipino musical artists deftly performing western pieces. However, the new medium also became an opportunity to re-express Filipino music and Philippine languages, especially Tagalog, to a nationwide audience. A flowering of the kundiman and Philippine folk songs was attributed to radio, while local composers who scored movies created new kundiman pieces, even if some adopted the American idiom of jazz. In notable cases, songs that posed a radical resistance to the colonial condition were heard on the air.
1922年,美国人将广播引入菲律宾,在美国殖民时期,广播在推广英语和西方音乐方面取得了很大的成功。除了在广播中播放进口音乐外,电台还邀请菲律宾音乐艺术家熟练地演奏西方作品。然而,这种新媒介也成为向全国观众重新表达菲律宾音乐和菲律宾语言,尤其是他加禄语的机会。昆迪曼和菲律宾民歌的繁荣归功于广播,而为电影配乐的当地作曲家创作了新的昆迪曼作品,即使有些人采用了美国的爵士乐习语。在一些值得注意的例子中,人们在广播中听到了对殖民状况进行激进抵抗的歌曲。
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引用次数: 0
Indonesian Nationalism Discourse on YouTube Video Produced by Young Chinese-Indonesians 印尼华裔青年制作的YouTube视频中的印尼民族主义话语
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52518/2020-02rahma
D. Susilo, R. Sugihartati
YouTube, as a new social media platform, has become “viral” in Indonesia since 2010. Many Indonesian youths have become popular as YouTubers (users of YouTube who actively upload videos on YouTube). Data from Google Marketing indicate that Indonesia is the country with the largest population by viewing time on YouTube in the Asia Pacific in 2015. YouTube is also the most viewed social media site in Indonesia (data by Alexa.com, 2016). One of the famous Indonesian YouTube channels is Last Day Production (also known as LDP), which regularly uploads situational dramas, skits, and parodies. All of the cast members in LDP videos are young Chinese-Indonesians under 30 years old. On the eve of Indonesian National Day of 2016, LDP uploaded the video entitled Tipikal Anak Muda Indonesia (Stereotypes of Indonesian Youths). The video portrayed how Indonesian youth now envisage their nationalism. LDP created this video in collaboration with young famous Indonesian YouTubers and musicians such as Eka Gustiwana, Aulion, and Kevin Anggara. This video later trended in Indonesia around August 2016. This article uses the approach of cyberculture theory and utilizes visualizing methods. Unit analyses of this research are the viral video, text, music, and whatever else the LDP have portrayed in the video.
YouTube作为一个新兴的社交媒体平台,自2010年以来在印尼迅速走红。许多印尼年轻人成为YouTube用户(在YouTube上上传视频的活跃用户)。谷歌营销的数据显示,印尼是2015年亚太地区观看YouTube时间最多的国家。YouTube也是印度尼西亚访问量最大的社交媒体网站(数据来自Alexa.com, 2016年)。其中一个著名的印尼YouTube频道是Last Day Production(也被称为LDP),它定期上传情景剧、小品和恶搞。自民党视频中的所有演员都是30岁以下的年轻印尼华人。2016年印尼国庆日前夕,自民党上传题为“印尼青年刻板印象”的影片。这段视频描绘了印尼年轻人现在如何看待他们的民族主义。自民党与印尼著名的youtube青年及音乐人Eka Gustiwana、Aulion及Kevin Anggara合作制作此影片。这段视频后来在2016年8月左右在印度尼西亚流行起来。本文运用网络文化理论的研究方法,运用可视化的方法。本研究的单位分析是病毒视频,文本,音乐,以及自民党在视频中描绘的任何其他内容。
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引用次数: 15
The language of hookups: A conversation and self-presentation analysis of Tinder chats 勾搭的语言:Tinder聊天的对话和自我表现分析
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52518/2021.18.2-01jalyap
Joseph Ryann J. Jalagat, Jerry Y. Yapo
Tinder, a location-based real-time dating application, has significantly influenced the shift in people’s attitudes toward sexual expression and the existing hookup culture. Using conversation and self-presentation analysis, this research aimed to explore hookups’ communicative patterns and examine how self-presentation manifests in Tinder chats. Some of the determinants of successful and failed hookups are also provided. Exchanges among some 20 interactants reveal this discursive pattern of hookups: (1) It’s a Match; (2) Opening Sequence; (3) Screening; (4) Transferring to Other Social Networks; (5) Sending Down to Fuck (DTF) Signals; (6) Compromising; and (7) Confirming and Closing. Interestingly, the performative roles of sex positions play a big part for gay participants. Many of the heterosexual participants, however, still follow the traditional scripting of hookups. Apparently, a hookup is not possible if there is no agreement as to the “where” and “when” of sexual activity. Meanwhile, the predominant image present in hookup-motivated chats is being “provocative” and a “good catch.”
Tinder是一款基于位置的实时约会应用,它极大地影响了人们对性表达的态度和现有的勾搭文化的转变。通过对话和自我表现分析,本研究旨在探索勾搭的交流模式,并检查自我表现如何在Tinder聊天中表现出来。还提供了连接成功和失败的一些决定因素。大约20个互动者之间的交流揭示了这种联系的话语模式:(1)这是一个匹配;(2)片头序列;(3)筛选;(4)转移到其他社交网络;(5)发送Down to Fuck (DTF)信号;(6)影响;(7)确认和结案。有趣的是,性姿势在同性恋参与者中扮演着重要的角色。然而,许多异性恋参与者仍然遵循传统的勾搭脚本。显然,如果在性行为的“地点”和“时间”上没有达成一致,勾搭是不可能的。与此同时,在以勾搭为动机的聊天中,主要的形象是“挑衅”和“好猎物”。
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引用次数: 1
Discourses on Conflict Women: Surfacing the Women in Marawi in News-mediated “Development as Discourse 冲突女性的话语:在新闻媒介的“发展”话语中呈现马拉维女性
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52518/2021-04tabada
M. T. A. Tabada
Like myths in folklore, “development as discourse” constructs women. I argue that these representations of women, particularly in seven selected online articles produced by news media and development institutions about the recovery of Marawi City in the Philippines after nearly five months of conflict in 2017, obscure women’s genuine aspirations and actual participation in rehabilitation efforts. Using the lens of Third World feminism and postdevelopment thinking, I point out how these media discourses on development mythologize women. Parsing “development as discourse” is essential not only for exposing the contradictions in media representations of women but also for surfacing the possibilities of reinterpreting the myths. Critical writing and reading can demythologize and liberate conflict women and other silenced Others.
就像民间传说中的神话一样,“发展即话语”建构了女性。我认为,这些对女性的表述,特别是在新闻媒体和发展机构制作的关于2017年菲律宾马拉维市经过近五个月冲突后恢复的七篇精选在线文章中,掩盖了女性的真正愿望和实际参与重建工作。我从第三世界女权主义和后发展思维的角度,指出这些媒体关于发展的话语是如何将女性神话化的。解析“作为话语的发展”不仅是揭示媒体对女性表现的矛盾的必要条件,也是揭示重新解释神话的可能性的必要条件。批判性的写作和阅读可以消除和解放冲突妇女和其他沉默的人。
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引用次数: 0
Metacritique on Bentham and Foucault’s Panoptic Theories as Analytic Tools for Three Modes of Digital Surveillance 边沁与福柯作为三种数字监控模式分析工具的泛视理论的元评
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52518/2021-01pardem
F.P.A. Demeterio, June Benedict Parreno
The panopticon was originally a prison design made by Bentham in the late 18th century to efficiently reform offenders. Foucault appropriated Bentham’s panopticon in the late 20th century to conceptualize and critique the society and state’s coercive practices in making individuals conform to social and state norms. Although Foucault’s appropriation of Bentham’s panopticon was done prior to the full emergence of the digital age, a number of present day scholars use the panopticon in conceptualizing and critiquing digital surveillance. This paper problematizes the applicability of both Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories to such contemporary phenomenon. This paper dissected both panoptic theories into five components—subjects; observers; data gathering, storage, and analysis; goals and effects of the systems; and management of the systems—and compared and contrasted these to their corresponding components from three cases of digital surveillance representing state digital surveillance, social media digital surveillance, and e-commerce digital surveillance. This paper established that Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories have moderate resemblance to each other; that both Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories are applicable to the conceptualization and critique of state digital surveillance; and that both Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories are not applicable to the conceptualization and critique of social media and e-commerce digital surveillances. As a metacritique this paper is significant in the sense that its findings will hopefully enlighten other scholars about the actual levels of usefulness of both panoptic theories in conceptualizing and critiquing different modes of digital surveillance.
圆形监狱最初是边沁在18世纪后期设计的监狱,目的是有效地改造罪犯。福柯在20世纪后期借用了边沁的圆形监狱来概念化和批判社会和国家在使个人服从社会和国家规范方面的强制性实践。虽然福柯对边沁全景监狱的挪用是在数字时代完全出现之前完成的,但许多当今的学者使用全景监狱来概念化和批评数字监视。本文对边沁和福柯的泛视理论是否适用于这种当代现象提出了质疑。本文将两种全视理论分为五个部分——主体;观察人士;数据收集、存储和分析;系统的目标和效果;以及系统的管理,并将其与三个数字监控案例中的相应组件进行比较和对比,分别是国家数字监控、社交媒体数字监控和电子商务数字监控。本文确立了边沁与福柯的泛视理论具有适度的相似性;边沁和福柯的全景理论都适用于对国家数字监控的概念化和批判;边沁和福柯的全景理论都不适用于对社交媒体和电子商务数字监控的概念化和批判。作为一个元评论,这篇论文的意义在于,它的发现将有希望启发其他学者关于泛视理论在概念化和批评不同模式的数字监控方面的实际有用程度。
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引用次数: 1
Regenerative Documentary: Posthuman Art in the Context of the Philippine Drug War 再生纪录片:菲律宾毒品战争背景下的后人类艺术
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.52518/2020.17.1-04armpac
Adjani Guerero Arumpac
Regenerative documentary is generated by a composite unity that comprises the living system of resistance in the Philippines. It takes into account the contingent, illustrated by artist groups—Respond and Break the Silence over the Killings (RESBAK), Sandata, and Gantala Press—that converged with the living system of resistance where and when human rights was curtailed by an environment of impunity, systemic poverty, social inequality, and injustice. The purpose of regenerative documentary is to identify and make known that a system of resistance exists and it is living. By harnessing the ideas of narrative, emergence, and ethicality espoused by autopoiesis and critical posthumanism, regenerative documentary situates its expediency within the context of the Philippine human rights violations under the Duterte regime as a transformative critical posthuman art.
再生纪录片是由一个复合的统一体产生的,这个统一体包括菲律宾的生活抵抗系统。它考虑了艺术家团体——回应和打破对杀戮的沉默(RESBAK)、Sandata和Gantala press——在人权因有罪不罚、系统性贫困、社会不平等和不公正的环境而受到限制时,与反抗的生活体系融合在一起的偶然性。再生纪录片的目的是确认并让人们知道一个抵抗系统的存在,它是活的。通过利用自创生和批判后人文主义所支持的叙事、涌现和伦理思想,再生纪录片将其权宜之计置于杜特尔特政权下菲律宾侵犯人权的背景下,成为一种变革性的批判后人类艺术。
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引用次数: 2
Gawad Plaridel Lecture 2019: Of Plaridel and Pressing Thoughts on the Media and the Arts Gawad Plaridel讲座2019:Plaridel和对媒体和艺术的紧迫思考
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.52518/2020.17.1-11ilagan
Bonifacio P. Ilagan, Rommel R. Rodríguez
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引用次数: 0
Mula kay GMA Hanggang kay Duterte: Kritika sa Ilang Dokumentaryong Politikal at Pagmamapa sa Tunguhin ng Dokumentaryo sa Panahong Pinapaslang ang Politikal
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.52518/2020.17.1-05pnglinn
Carlo Gabriel Pangilinan
The comprehensive objective of this paper is to critique and interrogate selected political documentaries created by individuals and film collectives from the time of incumbency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Benigno Aquino III, until the current “fascist” (Imbong, 2020) regime of Rodrigo Roa Duterte. In whole, the paper has three specific objectives. First, subtlety lay and give clarity to the impelling philosophy and political stance of documentaries deemed political in nature. Second, apply a class-based critique and re-examination, particularly on the level of an ideological analysis, to the following documentaries—Red Saga (Dalena, 2004), Sa Ngalan ng Tubo (Tudla Multimedia Network & EILER, 2005), Tundong Magiliw (Maranan, 2011), The Guerilla is a Poet (Dalena,K.&Dalena,S., 2013) and Yield (Tagaro & Uryu, 2017). Lastly, another goal of the paper is to be able to map out some propositions on how to fully extract the radical potential of political documentaries especially at this time of elusive justice and reason, while unrest, impunity, and fascism are intense
本文的综合目标是批判和质疑从贝尼尼奥·阿基诺三世执政时期的格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约到罗德里戈·罗阿·杜特尔特当前的“法西斯”(Imbong, 2020)政权期间,个人和电影集体创作的精选政治纪录片。总的来说,本文有三个具体目标。首先,微妙地奠定并明确了被认为是政治性的纪录片的引人入胜的哲学和政治立场。其次,运用基于阶级的批判和重新审视,特别是在意识形态分析的层面上,对以下纪录片——红色传奇(Dalena, 2004), Sa Ngalan ng Tubo (Tudla多媒体网络& EILER, 2005), Tundong Magiliw (Maranan, 2011),游击队是诗人(Dalena,K.&Dalena,S.)。, 2013)和Yield (Tagaro & Uryu, 2017)。最后,本文的另一个目标是能够制定出一些关于如何充分提取政治纪录片的激进潜力的主张,特别是在这个难以捉摸的正义和理性的时候,而动荡,有罪不罚和法西斯主义是激烈的
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引用次数: 0
Mobile Sexuality: Presentations of Young Filipinos in Dating Apps 移动性:菲律宾年轻人在约会软件中的表现
IF 0.3 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.52518/2020.17.1-09labor
Jonalou S. Labor
Mobile dating applications have become self-presentation spaces and stages among the youth. In the search for romance and sexual relationships, young Filipinos create and act out pre and co-constructed selves that enable them to find dating partners. Using the musings and experiences of 50 Filipino young adults who have been using dating apps to search for love or lust, the study found that created mobile/ online selves or faces reflect presentation strategies that include the show of sincerity, dramatic execution of the role, use of personal front, maintenance of control over the information, mystification, idealization, and misrepresentation. The study concludes that self-presentations range from the authentic to the inauthentic portrayal of the self to advance motives and intents in the use of dating apps.
手机交友软件已经成为年轻人自我展示的空间和舞台。在寻找浪漫和性关系的过程中,年轻的菲律宾人创造并表现出预先和共同构建的自我,使他们能够找到约会对象。通过对50名使用约会软件寻找爱情或欲望的菲律宾年轻人的思考和经验,该研究发现,创建的移动/在线自我或面孔反映了展示策略,包括展示诚意、戏剧性地执行角色、使用个人幌子、保持对信息的控制、神秘化、理想化和虚假陈述。该研究得出的结论是,在使用约会软件时,自我展示的范围从真实到不真实的自我描述,到推进动机和意图。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Plaridel
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